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WATARI-TO(渡党)　are the marginal men between Japanese and Ainu people in the Middle Ages. They lived at the southern end of Hokkaido - along the coast of the Tsugaru Strait. Suwadaimyozin-Ekotoba(諏訪大明神画詞) is the picture and story scroll about legends of Suwa Shrine in Nagano Prefecture. It was created in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts. It says that WATARI-TO had characteristics of Japanese and Ainu people and Japanese-Ainu mixed culture. They had two bases , MATOUMAINU which is the old name of MATSUMAE(松前) and USORIKESHI which is the old name of HAKODATE(函 館). Most of the historical materials related to WATARI-TO were written in the Edo period from the viewpoint of the Matsumae clan, winner of civil war in the southern part of Hokkaido, so it have been thought that MATSUMAE was the center of WATARI-TO. But I think that USORIKESHI is the center of WATARI-TO. Archeological remains relating to WATARI-TO in the HAKODATE area precede them in MATSUMAE area. The HAKODATE area is the production area of the highest class Konbu Kelp(昆布) . Until the early 16th century, USORIKESHI was collecting and trading center of the Kelp. In the 15th and 16th centuries, there were many wars between the WATARI-TO and the Ainu people. The Kakizaki-Takeda clan(蠣崎武田氏)　was one of member of WATARI-TO, and unified the area. The clan was allied with the Ainu people, gave up Hakodate area which was called “Inland Sea”, and allowed the Ainu people to dominate Hakodate area. The Kakizaki-Takeda clan succeeded to make MATSUMAE the only collecting and trading center of the Kelp.

This thesis examines the artistic characters of Ukiyoe and Horimono, two representative folk culture in Edo era(1603~1867), so called Japanese Renaissance, and their relation. Due to the development of commodity money economy in Edo era, the population of urban merchants and craftmen, Chōnin(townsman), grew and so did new cultural genres such as literature, fine arts, or performances. Ukiyoye was a kind of woodprint which mainly used important illustrations from popular dramas and novels, or portraits of Kabuki actors or prostitutes. Due to its cheap prices and mass production, Ukiyoe soon became one of the most popular genres. Among many Ukiyoe painters sketching heros who criticize society, Katsushika Hokusai(1760~1849) and Utagawa Kuniyoshi(1798-1861) stand out. Especially, the latter is famous for his characters from "Tsūzoku Suikoden Gōketsu Hyakuhachinin no Hitori(One of the 108 Heroes of the Popular Water Margin)). He depicted tatoos on the body of the lower dramatis personae gradually accepted as symbolic heros by the common people. Tattoo devotees came to use this Ukiyoe as a basic design when tatooing, which later on foster a new genre, “Horimono.” Edo people engraved this Horimono on their bodies to prevent from dangers or bad fortunes. This novel cultural trend was again depicted in Ukiyoe woodcuts or Kabuki dramas and became one of three most representative Edo popular genres. Since the late 19th century, Horimono, while Uikyoe became the most famous Japanese art reevaluated and adapted by some impressionist painters such as Claude Monet(1840~1926) or Vincent van Gogh(1853~1890). Overall, this study analyzes Ukiyoe and Horimono as the two artistic media representing feelings and consciousness of Edo common people. Ukiyoe and Horimono are meaningful in offering a way to scrutinize the pre-modern Japanese society as well as contemporary tatoo culture in Japan.

There are various Japanese Military Comfort women themed literature in Korea, Japan and China. Especially Korean women are usually taken as the main character. The thesis is aimed for the understanding of current status and issues of literature dealt with Japanese Military Comfort women through the analysis of these works and researches. In Korean literature, the works about these women have released after the Korean independence. The earlier works told about their return to homeland, their capture to the military, and the reappearance of their lives from the point of soldiers. After that, the works have developed to look for the healing rather then the mere testimony of the fact. The latest works of Comfort women focused on the truth of fiction more than the imagery of the fact about them. In Japanese literature, The nonfictions for the entertainment were created by the veteran after the defeat of World WarⅡ. Okinawa writer, however, failed to express the trauma of those Comfort women . Still, their effort to show those women’s feeling can be appreciated. In Chinea, there are about 9 works of Korean Comfort women. These works focused on the time of Anti-Japanese war and after the war. The writers are novelist, poet, war correspondent, civilians, etc. These works have their own value as the information to show the state of the Comfort women but do not show enough understanding of women rights.

The purpose of this study is to examine the transition process of lifelong education in Japan and to compare and analyze the policies of Korea and Japan. In general, lifelong learning in Japan is a comprehensive knowledge, including abundant humanity, such as the ability to discover and think on tasks in the global era, flexible thinking skills, ability to solve complex tasks using experiential knowledge and skills, and ability to build relationships with others and self – efficacy. The results of the study are as follows. First, the reason why elderly people participate in lifelong education in Japan is to acquire knowledge and function necessary for volunteer activity. Second, the lifelong education in Korea emphasizes reinstatement and re-education of adults and the provision of higher education opportunities for commercial purposes.

The purpose of this study is to review the activities and the development process of the Japanese who are leading the commercialization business and the box office business, which is emerging as a new business in the Korean film industry during the Japanese colonial period.　The film came to Korea as a symbol of modernization and spread quickly. This means that the world almost experienced the intensive product of the modernization of the film at the same time, and that the Joseon which was undergoing colonization also did not escape from this flow. People's support for movies has been enthusiastic and has grown into a popular culture, as movies are appreciated as a popular entertainment of the new era. I would like to point out the limitations of existing studies on the Korean film industry as recognizing the existence of Japanese people as 'rulers' rather than 'businesses'. It is also argued that this perception has not been able to properly assess the impact of the Japanese reigns on the Korean film industry at the time.

Until now, the tradition of Ohoanamuchi comes from the old tradition of the Izumo district, and is said for huge religious influence to have been in this area, in view of remains. Therefore, I may be able to guess that such a situation was reflected in the myth. However, if it carries out from having put on the "Kojiki", an editor will be considered that I will tell intentionally also with the bottom. It is because the Ohokuninusi myth is drawn like a so-called hero's biography. The editor of the "Kojiki" is making so that dramatic effect may also be achieved through characters, while showing the Imperial Household ancestor absoluteness in the age of the gods. Although the "Kojiki" first volume expressed sacred of imperial ancestor, on the other hand, I also created Ohokuninusi with the divinity supporting this. It is certain to have completed that, as for terrestrial gods' so-called representative's state, this was also.

In the year of 1364(= the king Gongmin 13th year), Goryo army encountered miserable defeat by ‘Waegu(=japanese pirates) in the naval battle of Izakdo(Izak island) which is located in western sea of Korean peninsular(=yellow sea). The reasons of the miserable defeat were as follows : 1. the discord of the channel of command 2. the quality of commander 3. the performance of naval battle of soldiers. The naval battle was proceeded as follows : Each soldiers start to shoot an arrow a little way off. And as the ships get closer each other, they started to speared each other. Boats tip after contact with each other, the members of Waegu armed with swords jumped onto Goryo army’s ships started to the hand – to hand combat. One reason of Goryo army’s defeat was that their performance of using swords like as arrows and spears and long swords on board ship was inferior to Waegu. The soldiers had mobilized in the Izakdo battle were land troops like as cavalry or infantry. There were big differences between the conditions of the ground combat and naval battle like as the tidal current, seasickness etc. On the other hand, Waegu members are the nautical. And the Goryo court knew that this point. So there were so many members of Goryo court who opposed to rebuild their navy because their navy could not afford the Waegu in the naval battle. Therefore Goryo court did not try to rebuild their navy.

In ancient Japan, local colleges which were put over each province played important roles to bring up local clerks with education that ware characterized by Confucianism and Kanji cultures, along with central Academy. Classic studies in Japanese education history by Hiroyuki MOMO　and Yukio HISAGI underestimated educational standards and student’s levels of local colleges. Recent archaeological discoveries of wooden tablets and pottery with Indian-ink writings clarified high knowledge of lower clerks around Japan. These novel view will change educational history in ancient Japan.

This presentation explores the history and variations of the Japanese animation production method as a starting point of a huge task to examine how the structural changes of the Japanese animation production system relate to creativity. To this end, I pay attention to the Production Committee System, which has become one of the representative systems of film production in Japan. I first review the previous work on what the production committee method is and then discuss the origins of the production committee approach, following the production process of "Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind" (1984). It also examines how the practice of Nausicaa's Production Committee method relates to the media mix at the time and how it differs from the current media mix.

"Shokoku Hyakumonogatari" , which was established in 1677, is an epic tale of the author who compiled the stories from various parts of Japan. Since the publication of the book, a group of ghost stories titled "Hyakumonogatari" has been published a number of times, which is considered to be the origin of the "Hyakumonogatari" family. It is also symbolic in that it is the only one that actually contains 100 stories unlike other ghost stories. It also plays an important role in the study of the story, including being evaluated as a work that greatly influenced establishing a specific, unified image of the monster and establishing a perception of the monster. therefore In this paper, among the 100 stories in Shokoku Haikumono Gatari, 55 stories that correspond to the story of the utopian experience are studied and we will examine the characteristics of the alien world through a detailed analysis.

It It is the first time for Korea and Japan to follow the "Wangocheonchukgukjeon" in Hyecho (704~780), a representative travel machine of the East, and the "Nittouguhoujunreigyouki" by Enin(794~864). The main body discussed literary characteristics of the work, focusing on how human nature is expressed through a trip to a foreign country rather than on religious practice.In response, the two sides expressed the historical aspects, retrospective aspects, and recognition of poems inserted in "Wangocheonchukgukjeon" and the daily stories related to the ministry of Enin's "Nittouguhoujunreigyouki". The two pieces did not mention anything about the travel, and what could be seen about the two were poems, stories and letters inserted into the travel gate. The epic-centered technique can be seen as a spirit derived from the moderation of the old monk. Nevertheless, the poems, stories and letters included in the work confirmed that they had feelings that could be seen through their personal emotions.

We can figure out how much Sakhalin Koreans were helpless during the Japanese colonial period, the Russia-Japan War, and the division of the South and North Korea considering their individual life. After 1990 when Korea and the Soviet Union amity treaty happened, the issue of Sakhalin Koreans’ going back to their homeland was put on the table. Ever since the end of 1980, the issue has been more showing thanks to Korea and Japan Red Cross, however only citizens who are over 65 of age and did not have any family members in Korea were allowed to enter their homeland in 1992 with Korean government’s permission. After this permission 77 people were able to come back. For the help of agreement the Korea and Japan’s agreement of returning home from abroad in 1994, the returning was taken in action so 4,116 people was able to immigrate to Korea in 2013. 52 men and 68 women over 69 were able to come back from Sakhalin and are currently living in JeongKwan new town in Busan. However, the study on their life was limited in their settlement process, daily life and their change of social life and structure. This study is focused on their places that are distinguished settlement into relocation, and even the aspect of cultural conflict from their interview. Most importantly, we tried to find out the correct answers about the critical background throughout their settlement and the influences of relocation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the language use of the Korean- Chinese living in the three provinces of Northeast and the realities and developmental tasks of Korean-Chinese schools in China. To accomplish this purpose, this study conducted a questionnaire survey on ethnic language teachers in Yanbian and Shenyang areas. The main results of the study are as follows. First, Ethnic language teachers have a perception that Korean-Chinese language should be good as well as Chinese language. Second, Ethnic language teachers think that Korean-Chinese students should learn Korean language in order to maintain the Korean-Chinese tradition and to understand the history and culture of the Korean-Chinese. Third, Ethnic language teachers use Korean-Chinese language more than Chinese language in meetings and daily life. But Children and Korean-Chinese students are using Chinese language more than ethnic language. Fourth, Ethnic language teachers recognize that Korean-Chinese language will gradually disappear rather than develop in the future. Fifth, Ethnic language teachers think that Korean-Chinese schools are in trouble because of migration and population decrease. Sixth, Ethnic language teachers are generally satisfied with the support policy of the Korean government. Finally, Ethnic language teachers think that it is necessary to invest heavily in schools in order to develop Korean-Chinese schools.

In the paper, first looked at the schematisation of ‘朝-往-向’ and ‘从-到’, which can be considered as ‘The move diagram’. Again, the similarities between '朝' and '从', '向' and ' 到' are summarized centering on the differences. Although it is doubtful whether we can simply compare '朝' and '从', '向' and '到' on a uniform basis, it is still generally similar in terms of the contrast between 'origin' and 'end'. First of all, if you look at the difference, The 'direction' towards the end of '朝' only suggests 'abstract mobility' such as the movement of the line of sight, but the object of '朝' is not directly related to the movement of the object. In contrast, '从' implies a strong mobility and arriving at the end of the journey at the same time as the start.

This thesis examines the 19th century Cai Tinglan’s Hainan zazhu from Taiwan. Among the many drifting records of Asia from 17th to 19th century, Hainan zazhu stands out for its trustworthy records of both Taiwan and Vietnam as well as its sincere records of Vietnam’s folklore and customs. Hainan zazhu has two editions and four versions. It consists of two books. First book contains three chapters, “Adventure in Blue Sea,” “Records of Hot and Barren Land.” and “A Short History of Vietnam.” The Second one was lost to history.

The Huangang dispute erupted in China in August 2018 amid intensifying trade wars between China and the United States. Huangang is the head of the Institute for Government Information at Qinghua University. He published a report in which China's comprehensive national power had already overtaken the United States in 2012. Huangang's critics say his false claims misled national policy and caused U.S. vigilance, causing great harm to China. Therefore, critics asked him to step down from his position at Qinghua University. In response, there was a heated debate between critics and advocates of Huangang. This debate has given us a glimpse into the diverse inner side of the Chinese social and intellectual community.

Lee Chang-dong's film "Burning" is not a narrative based on traditional causal relationships, but rather a pursuit of perceptions and thoughts about depictions and images. Audiences can see the events that occur in movies in their own way, and it is a work that emphasizes the process of thinking rather than the plot. In terms of the Einstein formula, "Burning" is a film that seeks new meanings in a form that is segmented, reconstructed, and unfolded. In this sense, the overall form of this work can be analyzed by Eigenstein as a major concept presented in his montage theory. This article is an attempt to analyze Lee Chang-dong's movie "Burning" with some concepts of Sergej Eisenstein's theory.

Community policing is a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the police officers’ attitudes toward community policing, and the effect of police officers’ citizen trust on the acceptance of community policing in local policing of Korea, and to provide the strategies for successful implementation of community policing in Korea, through literature reviews and interviews with police officers of community.

The Panmunjom Declaration adopted at the South-North summit on April 27, 2018 promised to make the state of truce in the Korean peninsula into the end of the war and a peace regime, to ‘complete denuclearization’ of the nuclear issue that had taken more than 20 years, and to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in economic and social cultures. The key points of the Panmunjom Declaration can be summarized as the complete denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, the transition to the peace regime of the armistice system, and the alleviation of military tensions on the Korean peninsula and promotion of exchanges and cooperation. The denuclearization, the peace regime, the institutionalization of the divided countries and the exchange of the private sector are essential tasks for permanently establishing peace on the Korean peninsula. North Korea and the United States held the historical summit for the first time since then, which had maintained hostile relations for 70 years since the Korean War. The June 12 meeting of the NK-US summit in Singapore concluded with a brief, abstract joint statement agreed upon through twists and turns. In the joint statement, North Korea and the US will work together to establish a permanent and solidified peace regime on the Korean Peninsula in order to establish a new North Korea-US relationship, and North Korea will reaffirm the Panmunjom talks and make efforts to denuclearize of the Korean peninsula. Although the results of the talks are somewhat different from each other, they are generally regarded as the first meeting between North Korea and the US, and will be a significant turning point in establishing a bilateral peace order. Therefore, much attention has been focused on the concrete and clear agreement on the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula through the subsequent talks. In the end, the basic agreement on ‘complete denuclearization’ was reached at the North Korea-US summit but it seems that it will take a long time to reach that stage. Therefore, Korea's role in the denuclearization and peace process on the Korean Peninsula is becoming increasingly important. In this article, I will examine the meanings of the inter-Korean summit and the North Korea-US summit, and reflect the future challenges.

A The purpose of this study is to recognize the relationships among tourist's personal values, tourist's satisfaction and destination selection attributes and how tourist's personal values and tourist's satisfaction destination selection attributes are organized as subset concepts, based on the perceptions of Vietnamese visiting J eju Island area. The personal values are considered as personal and social value. The satisfaction in destination selection attributes are explained as cultural, social, safety, and natural attributes. Methodology in this study is based on empirical research of previous studies, the survey design, and 240 samples of Vietnamese visitors returning home after visiting Jeju Island. The empirical results can be summarized as follows. Firstly, all the factors of the personal values of Vietnamese tourists positively impact the satisfaction of tourist destination selection attributes. The results are significantly indicating the followings. Vietnamese tourists' personal values impact on the most of the satisfaction of the tourist destination selection in Jeju Island. However, interestingly enough, only natural satisfaction factor perceived by Vietnamese tourists visiting Jeju island. This extends that the major reason that many inbound tourists visit Jeju is natural attraction..

By conducting a comparative analysis between Korea and Japan, this paper aims to examine the risks and management regarding children receiving nursery services, with a view to building a better risk management system and higher-quality nursery facilities. The risks are broken down into three categories: risks inherent in nursery service, risks made by men, and risks beyond control (or systemic risks). The conclusion of this paper is summed up as follows: First, Committees, systems and manuals dedicated to preventing and reducing risks in child-caring facilities should be designed, created and put into practice. Second, while the priority should be given to precaution, post-facto analysis and follow-up measures are necessary to prevent similar incidents. Third, it is imperative to buy insurance and build emergency response network in order to minimize damage in case of accident. Last but not least, support measures for damage recovery should be complemented and strengthened.