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The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of 'Tourisfication' for the Gamcheon Culture Village, and seek policy solutions to be implemented in advance. To this end, the relationship between Gamcheon Culture Village visits and data related to population trends in Gamcheon Culture Village was used to examine the relationship. Through this, we saw the phenomenon of ‘Touristification’ and suggested many solutions. As a result of the study, in the case of Gamcheon Culture Village, a causal relationship exists between the residents of Gamcheon 2-dong 12-18 and the number and the number of residents of Gamcheon 2-dong.

This thesis aims to compare two writings of "Annam jiyu" and Hainan zazhu, two Chinese personal records of drifting from Qing dynasty. The main purpose of the comparison is not to pay attention to the changes or developments of the same Vietnam visited with a lag of about 150 years. Rather, it attempts to analyze whether the Qing Dynasty's sino-centered view continues to strengthen and repeat despite the passage of time. To this end, we will compare the texts of two authors on two themes: description of Han-Chinese centered history on one hand, and that of Vietnamese women and foreign customs and institutions on the other hand. In conclusion, although the male authors were fascinated by the mysterious and savage scenery of foreign countries, the Han-Chinese, male-centered world view is reproduced through the late Qing period as seen these two texts.

Takeshi Hamashita, a leading Japanese scholar who sought to grasp Asia in diverse regional relations, conceived the modern era of East Asia by conceptualizing the traditional relationship between East Asia and the East Asian region as a tribute system in his hesitation, The tribute System and Modern Asia. In East Asia, the traditional tributary system was formed as a co-existence method, which meant the interrelationship in which multi-cultural networks operated with a complex regional relationship, not a single center. What is meaningful in Hamashita's logical structure is the deployment of a third port beyond the concept of binomial confrontation, which is an attempt beyond the dual alternative perception of Quantum choice. And this medium is the network. He said that the history of East Asia since the mid-19th century can be understood by the formation of a field network in Asia, which is different from the modern East Asian history of Europeanization and confrontation with Europe. The principle of wide-area order in Asia, which is different from that of modern countries, needed a wide-area merchant network, and this was the driving force of modern Asia. This article examined the status of Busan by using Hamashita's view that the network between the city and the city, which opened in the waters of Northeast Asia, is the formation of a network of open port networks. Many studies have been conducted, either Busan Research or Busan Studies, which reviewed the results of this study and checked the deficiencies in the conventional study from the external perspective of the open port network. Since the Joseon Dynasty, Busan has provided a space called '倭館' for Japanese trade. After the opening of the port in 1876, Waegwan (Waegwan) was transformed into a Japanese land and remained until before liberation. As such, from the perspective of the network, Busan is historically closely related to Japan. This is an important factor in identifying Busan Studies or Busan personality. However, since modern times, Chinese and Westerners have also visited and resided in Busan Port, in addition to the Japanese. Although the lack of data has not activated the relevant research, this is a clear fact. The achievements of Asian researchers such as Ryota Ishikawa disprove this. The activities of a Chinese merchant in Northeast Asia and the establishment of a settlement of the Qing Dynasty in Busan are typical examples. What is noteworthy here is that the initial Busan burn also came from Japan. This shows that one important axis connecting the open port network in Northeast Asia was the network caused by burns. Japanese occupation after the video due to decrease the number of Chinese since, and working class to find a job of Busan, Korea, but expand further as the advent of the video is an open portCompare favorably to show the network. The Japanese occupation of Busan for entry to the continent as the entrance of Japan. It was a crowded place where people came by Busan Shimonoseki Ferry and tried to head for Manchuria. Busan Station, built near the port of Busan, was built earlier to transport them to Manchuria. During this period, Busan was actively used as a port for Japan's advancement into the continent along with Najin(羅津) and Cheongjin(淸津). As the function of Busan Port and the occupations of residents were defined by Japan, Busan Port seems to be out of the existing open port network, but it still functions as a physical network and as a mediated port of human network of human movement. After liberation and through the Korean War, Busan became a city of refugees in its traditional form, namely the colonial legacy that Japan left behind. On top of the traces left by the Japanese, fault lines due to the devastation of the war were piled up, and the birth of the marine industry began with modernization. Busan personality was sprouting right here.

This study aims to analyze the actual conditions and characteristics of the fishing village in Ulsan, and examine how the exchanges between Japanese and Koreans were being formed even in colonies. The fishing villages in Sinam, Sejukpo, Ilsanjin, Jeonhari, and Jeongja were formed as Japanese fishermen voluntarily did migratory fishing for profit. By contrast, The fishing villages in Bangeojin and Jeonhari were built with aid grants offered to Japanese fishery businessmen from the Japanese government or prefectural (県) governments. Such villages were built as the Japanese government and prefectural governments intended to colonize Joseon by expanding their fishery bases in the land and ruling the coastal and offshore areas and its fishery industry. The early process of the colonization of Joseon was confirmed through migrant fishing villages as organizations such as the Association of Japanese People formed in Bangeojin gave the Japanese the privilege to be engaged in commerce in Joseon and supported Japanese settlers, groups, and organizations that aided in the colonization.

This manuscript will be mainly dealing with civilization of the U.S. and Europe, especially of the United States and Britain experienced by Burlingame and Iwakura missions that are the representative overseas missions of Qing and Japan during the modern times. In the first half, this paper looked into the naval civilization of the United States and Britain. Among the representative marine civilization symbolizing the modern times are steamship powered by steam engine, warship equipped with large guns etc. Especially, warship and cannon of the West which is memorized as ‘strong warship and sharp cannon (船堅炮利)’was considered a marvelous one. The area that commanded the most attention from the bureaucrats and intellectuals of Qing and Japan was military weapon sector, and steamboat, armored battleship, torpedo, gun ship, guncotton, munitions factory, artillery unit and navy training were major concerns appeared all over the travelogue and diary. The aforementioned enables us to assume how the missions of the two countries observed warship and cannon and how much they were obsessed with construction of navy.

Unique perception on repatriation and repatriates was formed in sea region which functioned as a gateway of repatriation. And immediately after liberation of Korea, Busan was such a space. Since August 1945, more than 2 million Korean diaspora had repatriated to Busan from Japan, mainland China, and Taiwan in a short period of time. From the perspective of the local community of Busan, this meant a large influx of population, and various social problems derived from this had an effect on the gaze on repatriation and repatriates. Representative social problems were unemployment and infectious diseases, and confronting and responding to these problems, a ambivalent awareness of the repatriated Korean diaspora was created. In other words, when analyzed at the local level, the repatriation of the Korean diaspora was not a legitimate issue as a national task, and gazes on it showed complex aspects due to various social factors.

This study is a qualitative study to compare and explore the volunteer experience of long-term volunteers in Korea and Japan. For comparison between the two countries, a study in Korea was first conducted. The study participants in Korea were 6 women in their 60s and 70s residing in Chungnam, and were selected by a deliberate sampling method suitable for long-term volunteering standards, and the study was conducted from September to December 2019. It was analyzed by phenomenological method. As a result of the research, the central phenomenon of experience was revealed as'the enjoying of one's life in the relationship of the experience of volunteering'. The subject of the experience is ① encountering volunteer activities easily with various motives ② strengthening volunteer activities with new experiences ③ the source of power to lead the volunteer activities for a long time ④ enjoying one's life in a harmonious relationship. The identity of long-term volunteers began as a visitor who entered an unfamiliar world, gradually changed into a helper who wanted to be helpful, and finally became one of those who enjoyed their own life and lived in harmony. Based on the results of this study in Korea, I would like to explore the flow and shape of the experiences of long-term volunteers in Japan.

Bone cleaning and burial habits are an important system that has long been practiced in Okinawa. However, the war with Okinawa caused many deaths, and traditional practices changed in the process of dealing with them. In addition, the spread of cremation and modern changes in the demographic structure have facilitated changes in the traditional tomb system. In the 1990s, the number of "reien-type(靈園型) graveyards" operated by religious corporations and public interest corporations that were neither private graveyards nor family graveyards increased rapidly, which had a great impact on bone-washing and reburial customs.

『Hwang Jin-i』 is a story of a gisaeng in the Joseon Dynasty that has been reinterpreted through various media such as movies and dramas in Korea. It is a work that has been reinterpreted many times, and it can be said that it is one of the works that has solidified our image of gisaeng by acting by many writers and many actors. 『Sakuran』 is a film based on Moyoko Anno's manga, and debuted as a director by Mika Ninagawa, a famous photographer. Won the Best Music Award and the Best Art Award at the 31st Japan Academy Awards. This work deals with the story of a girl until she is sold to Yugwa and leaves Yugwa through gorgeous colors and direction, and presents a new interpretation different from the appearance of a young woman in most existing works. While Hwang Jin-i is a real character and works such as poetry still remain, Kiyoha in Sakuran is a fictional character, but the two works are special professional women whose protagonist is a gisaeng and a young woman. The personality of a female character that differentiates from the family is very similar. This study analyzes the similarities and differences between the two works, the gazes of gisaengs and young women in both countries, the change of gazes according to the times, and the reasons.

A writer of a mystery novel dealing with murder requires more than the same level of forensic science knowledge. This is because when a murder case occurs, a series of processes leading to autopsy and dissection are involved in order to resolve the case later. In his novels, Seicho portrays the scenes that lead to murder, autopsy, and anatomy as detailed as a forensic expert. Seicho's mystery novel is such that no works except for Murder. In the novel, the motives of murder are infidelity, money, concealment, anger, resentment, revenge, success, etc. Most of them are caused by human endless desires. Considering the weight and technique of murder in his novels, his novel can be called “the aesthetics of murder”. In particular, the characters, motives for murder, and methods of murder are closely related.

The purpose of this research is to focus on ghosts and ghost stories that have started to be created mainly among people who experienced the loss of family and friends due to the 2011Great East Japan Earthquake, to explore the types and characteristics of ghosts, and to examine the meaning of such acts of experiencing, dictating, and recording monsters. Specifically, the study will focus on two collections of stories about ghosts and mysterious experiences, and analyze them, such as epic stories, types, and characteristics. Through these works, we would like to clarify that ghost stories formed after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake play a role of repose of the souls of the dead and of caring for the survivors.

The Korean-American writer's "Pachinko" can be seen as an attempt by Korean-Americans to understand Korean residents in Japan, which served as an opportunity to see our past and present again. This novel is a four-generation chronicle of the novel. The writer wanted to paint their lives from the perspective of Transnational within the frame of Korean migration, although the historical background is different. The author, who lives in the United States as an immigrant, tells the story of how they go through their lives without revealing their dissatisfaction with social inequalities against their country or ethnic Koreans in Japan. Therefore, no father's violence, ethnic conflict and social discrimination in Korean-Japanese literature are seen. However, the author begins the first verse of the novel, "History has failed us, but no matter," and ironically shows how much the life of a Korean-Japanese who left Joseon and settled in Japan has been influenced by the nation and the people. Through works such as Lee Min-jin's "Pachinko," the constant search for the identity of Korean immigrants in Trans National will be further expanded in understanding and research on Korean residents, and we hope for a win-win future among Korean residents.

Recently, discussions pointing to the “right wing of Japanese politics” have become popular. So what about people's consciousness? It would not be enough to discuss the "right wing" of Japanese society with the case of a politician alone. This is because the Abe government that led the “right wing of Japanese politics” was also the result of the Japanese voters' choice. In fact, the results of public opinion polls show that over the past decade, Japanese people have increased their positive feelings toward “Japan”. A sociologist says that this affirmation of the present is rooted in the Japanese's "realization of abundance" in the 1970s. According to him, he calls for a look at the “post-war” movement of contemporary Japan in a longer historical context. In the end, this discussion cannot be limited to the political changes resulting from the emergence of the second Abe regime (2012), and it must be analyzed in conjunction with the structural changes of the post-war system that began in the 1970s and continues to this day. It reminds us that it is a task.

This thesis examines the changing patterns and meanings of Constitution of the Buddhist association of china. To this end, the form, ending, and changing patterns of missions and their meaning were considered. In Chapter 2 looked at the change in the form of The Constitution. It has changed in the direction of normization. The biggest change in format was the 2002 amendment. In Chapter 3, the patterns of change in the ending of the Constitution were considered. The Constitution has repeatedly changed the focus on the aspect of representing the Buddhist world or the aspect of practicing patriotism. In Chapter 4 considered changes in the mission of the Constitution. If we look at it as a whole In the 1980s, The Constitution was primarily focused on supporting the reconstruction of Buddhist world. In 1993 and 2002, the Constitution mainly focused on tasks related to the development of Buddhism and the protection of faith. In 2010 and 2015, as the character of a patriotic organization was particularly strengthened. Even if the missions seem to be oriented towards the development of Buddhism, it is confirmed that in the end, compliance with the state policy and system is the priority.

The Taoist precept, called the "Qing Gui" was changed to the "Rules and regulations" after 1949, and became influential as the Taoist law. The rules of Taoism are basically stipulated in principle that religion serves the power of the state without violating the contents of the constitution. The Taoist community basically handles all related tasks in accordance with the regulation system and makes this a standard rule. A distinctive part of the Taoist rules is that it draws into the institutional device of Taoism today based on the various traditional precepts established in the history of Taoism, and demands a corresponding compliant attitude in various rituals and actions. Taoist precepts can be seen as a way of becoming an institution.

China and the Vatican temporarily signed diplomatic relations from 2018 to 2020, and are currently negotiating a temporary diplomatic extension. The result is still secret, and it has to do with complicated diplomatic relations. The underground church issues are intricately intertwined with Taiwan’s diplomatic relations and human rights issues. Among them, the core of the diplomatic relations between the Vatican and the Chinese government is the right to appoint bishops. As far as China is concerned, since the establishment of a socialist country, bishops have been elected by themselves. However, since the right to appoint a bishop is the right of the pope, it can be said that the Vatican cannot tolerate it. During the establishment of temporary diplomatic relations from 2018 to 2020, the pope recognized eight Chinese bishops, and the conflict over the appointment of bishops has temporarily ended. However, it seems obvious that the right to appoint bishops is still the key to negotiations for the temporary expansion of diplomatic relations. By reviewing the negotiation process for the appointment of bishops in China and the legal system related to the appointment of bishops in China, I hope this article can understand the position of China and the Vatican, the nature and meaning of the negotiations, and predict the direction of future negotiations.

There are three rules and regulations for Protestantism in China, such as "Charter of the China Christian Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee", the "Charter of the China Christian Council", and the "Charter of the Chinese Christian Church”. This paper focuses on the "Charter of the Chinese Christian Church”. It has 1997 edition, 2008 edition, 2018. In this paper, i want to study the standardization of Protestant Church in China, the integration of Protestant Faith in China, the uniformity of the rules and regulations in Protestant Church in China, and the standardization of Protestantism in China.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the interrelation of religious policy between the central and local governments. There are two main institutions that implement China's religious policies. One is the central government, and the other is the local government. If the central government presents the direction of the country's religious policy, the local government implements the country's religious policy. However, there is a subtle difference between them. Because different local governments have different ethnicities and different religious situations. Therefore, local governments establish the Regulations on Religious Affair , reflecting the policies of the central government and the religious specificity of the jurisdiction. This paper tries to examine the mechanism of Chinese religious policy by comparing the Regulations on Religion Affair established by the central and provincial governments.

In the middle of the Edo period, the writings of the crossing the sea story of Tokubee (徳兵衛の 渡海物語) spread widely throughout Japan. This Paper is about verification of historical materials of Tokubee's Genroku7(元禄七年(1694 A.D.)) Manuscripts. This paper makes clear that Tokubee's Genroku7(元禄七年) Manuscripts are in agreement with the historical facts of other records in the early Edo period. But those reduced the value of objective historical materials. Because his original material made a vague statement based on the Buddhist world view for the purpose of returning to Japan in the era when crossing the sea was prohibited(Kaikin 海禁).

The aim of this paper is to rethink the periodization of "medieval" in Japanese history. There are two main ways to classify periods. One is the method of naming the periods based on the location of the government (the emperor or the warrior government). The second method is based on the Three or Four Periods of Ancient, Medieval, (Early Modern), or Modern.

In this article describe the meaning of shu-ho performed by Emperor of Go-Toba when Incident of Kagetoki Kajiwara. In February 1200, Go-Toba practiced an esoteric Buddhism method called 'Godanho'. It purpose to cure illness of emperor and pray for the social well-being of the country. Go-Toba’s ‘Godanho’ was interpreted as a curse by Kamakura shogunate who suspected Go-Toba had committed with Kagetoki. In other words, it blessed him and expressed hostile to shogunate. However, the same time, Go-Toba practiced another shu-ho called 'Tenpo-Rinpo’. It’s a extraordinarily curse. It compared that both ‘Godanho’ and ‘Tenopo-Rinpo ’ in this research. As a result, The plan of a comparison of these two types of practices, I conclude that Kajiwara Kagetoki's plan to make a pilgrimage to Kyoto was a realistic one and that Go-Toba conducted the practice to protect Kyoto from warfare. The possibility of Kagetoki’s entering Kyoto was came up, and so, Go-Toba attempted practicing shu-ho to give divine protection Kyoto.

In Harima Province(播磨国) during the Kamakura period, Harima-Syugosyo(播磨守護所)─ the office of the governor of the Kamakura Shogunate side was in Kakogawa Village(加古川村). The village was on the left side of the main stream of Kakogawa River and faced it. Most of the left bank of Kakogawa belonged to Kako-gun District(加古郡). However, this village belonged to Innami-gun District(印南郡), which is located on the right side of the Kakogawa River.　The clue to think about the reason is Kunikane Village(国包村). Kunikane Village was also on the left side of the main stream of Kakogawa River, facing it, and belonged to Innami-gun District(印南郡). Kakogawa Village is the point where Chikushi-Daidou Highway(筑紫大道) crosses the river, and Kunikane Village is the point where Yunoyama-Kaidou Highway(筑紫大道) crosses the river. These two highway were extremely important highway for the nation. This shows that Innami-gun District had control over Kakogawa River. The same conclusion can be drawn from the Hoon-ji Temple documents(報恩寺文書) in Kakogawa City. Some powers in Innami-gun District sought to influence Kako-gun District through control over Kakogawa River. Because Harima-Syugosyo was on the left side of Kakogawa River and was located in Innami-gun District, Harima Syugo(播磨守護)─ the governor of the Kamakura Shogunate side of Harima Province had strong control over the eastern bank of Kakogawa and influence over Kakogawa

This paper focuses on the Jongsung(종성) inkstone which is one of the most famous inkstones with Nampo(남포) and Wiwon(위원) inkstones in whole Korean inkstone history. The paper explains the history, shape and quality of Jongsung(종성) inkstone, especially compared with Nampo inkstone. The most important thing in this paper is that Jongsung inkstone has purple color, which was neglected and even not mentioned by any other inkstone collectors and researchers in Korean history except the Joseon Dynasty scholar Gyukyung Lee(이규경). So this paper emphasize our attention and research to the Jongsung inkstone which were produced less than Nampo inkstone in quantities so they were neglected and even mistaken for Nampo inkstone because of their similar black color, in spite of their good quality.

No matter in all walks of life, there are certain rules and laws. The Marine Traffic Law includes International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea adopted which were adopted for the purpose of preventing vessel collisions at sea in 1972, the domestic Maritime Safety Act, and provisions of port entry and departure of vessels, etc. Therefore , captains , officers , and pilots are obliged to under stand and follow navigation rules . COLREG and Maritime Safety Act are divided navigation rule into three sections . Particularly , according to Article 18 of COLREG(Article 76 of Maritime Safety Act), as one of the dominant principles of navigation rules , there is the rule that a vessel with excellent navigation performance should avoid a vessel with less performance, which is the right of way for all navigating vessels. The right-of-way of vessels can be divided into the one according to the ability to manoeuvre order of vessels, into the one according to the obligation of traffic obstruction exclusion ,and into the one in particular waters and the water areas of trade ports. Based on COLREG, starting this thesis with this entry point as the theme.

We have been studying the Japanese view of life and death by conducting questionnaires survey and analyzing the results. We have seen that when there is no longer a sufficient basis for judgment, a sense of avoidance only of the form remains. 　Since the end of last year, the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), following the global spread of the new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2), has increasingly limited various aspects of life. Although there is information on which to base judgments about new coronavirus , the situation is somewhat confusing, partly due to problems in providing information.　Here, we've discussed three cases. The first case is the case of simultaneous temporary school closing. The second case is the treatment of data represented by the handling of the new coronavirus disease case on the cruise ship Diamond Princess. The last case is a school trip in elementary and junior high schools. We discussed these cases by comparing with the research results of the view of life and death. It was suggested that both were in a similar state in part.

This study revealed the motivation of Korean and Chinese teenagers to use TikTok, which is newly available on existing social media, and examined the impact of the motivation on their usage behavior. To this end, an online survey was conducted(N=312), and the data were conducted using the SPSS 25 program for factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. As a result of the research, self-expression, time-sending, and information pursuit were derived for the motivation of Korean youth, while entertainment/information pursuit, communication, self-expression, and time-spending were derived for the motivation of Chinese youth. In the case of Korean teenagers, the time-spending system has a significant impact on their usage behavior. However, it was found that self-expression and pursuit of information do not affect the hours and frequency of use. In addition, in the case of Chinese teenagers, the pursuit of entertainment and communication among the use motivation had a significant impact on the hours and frequency of use. However, it was found that self-expression and time-spending do not affect the hours and frequency of use. This can contribute to providing theoretical implications for the functions required by traditional Tiktok.

This study investigates the effect of ethnicity on the learners’ writing development in terms of accuracy, fluency, and complexity and explore how ethnicity plays a role as an intervening variable. 89 Korean and Chinese students participated in this study, and 267 writing samples were analyzed via NVivo 12, SPSS, and Lu’s (2010) syntactic analyzer. The results of the study indicate that Korean students outperformed Chinese students in short and long term period when accuracy and fluency are concerned. Syntactically speaking, mean length of sentences, clause per sentence, complex t-unit, dependent clause per clause, dependent clause per t-unit, coordinate phrases per t-unit, and verb phrases worked as discriminators in differentiating Korean and Chinese learners’ syntactic development in a semester-based instruction. Contrary to the results of accuracy and complexity, in terms of syntactic ability, Korean learners outperformed Chinese students in mean length of sentences and verb phrases. However, Chinese students show superiority in other five areas of syntactic complexity. These contradicting results between accuracy and fluency on one side, and complexity on the other one is somewhat confusing. To provide one of the explanations as to why this happened in the local context, the researcher pointed out the critical role of mother tongue between Korean and Chinese students. Caution is needed to accept this explanation based on a single study which calls for future studies. Although the applicability of this study is galore, the researcher narrowed down to monitoring role of syntactic analyzer for both teachers and students’ syntactic development in the mode of writing. In addition, suggestions to adopt Lu’s (2010) syntactic analyzer to our field is addressed.