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China and Turkey are located at both ends of the ancient “Silk Road”, and communicated the East and West Silk Road in the long history, linking the peoples of China and Turkey and promoting the cultural exchanges between China and Turkey. In order to sort out the contents and the status of the intercultural communication between China and Turkey, this article will be ‘One Belt One Road’ as the background, to discuss this as an opportunity to start the intercultural communication. According to the purpose of the study, this paper will be divided into four parts to elaborate on the theme. The first part mainly explains the background and content of the study. The second part of the ancient China and Turkey, respectively, and the exchange between the two countries after the exchange of diplomatic relations as the center, the Chinese-Chinese cultural exchanges to review. The third part mainly introduces the current situation of Sino-Turkish cultural exchanges after 2010, mainly focusing on the exchange of education, the exchange of tertiary industry and cultural interaction. The fourth part of the summary of the full text and the future ‘One Belt One Road’ under the background of the development of human relations to give a prospect.

This paper analyzed the research status on Turkey studies in China during 2000 to the first half of 2017 based on the literature related to Turkey included by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) .In addition, this paper also analyzed the general situation of domestic universities and research institutions that studies on Turkey, in order to understand the status of the research team that study on the it.The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis. First of all, Chinese scholars’ research on Turkey covers a wide range, and the focus of their attention is on the experience of Turkish modernization as well as it's diplomatic relations. Secondly, in Turkey's diplomacy, China and it’s diplomatic relations is the focus of scholars. This paper holds that the analysis of Xinjiang factors in bilateral relations between China and Turkey and the analysis of bilateral relations under the background of “One Belt And One Road” have higher academic reference value.In addition, scholars also have paid more attention to the relations between Turkey and the Arab countries and Turkey's “Oriental diplomacy” policy. Thirdly, compared with the East Asian countries and the other powers, China’s education and research institutions devoted to the study of Turkey are not popular which calls for further development.

When a speaker wants to provide location information of a target to a listener, it provides spatial information through a certain coordinate, a target point, and a starting point, a process, and an end point indicating a linear directional relationship do. In the Chinese language, a person or a directional word is often used as a main type mark for providing location information of an object. In addition to objective information, a cognitive focus of a speaker and a listener acts between coordinates and a target point. In other words, the position of the target object expressed by the directional director appears to be discord from each other in the coordinate and directional relationship, which shows that the speaker(or listener) is intervening between the coordinate and the target. Therefore, the article examines the direction indicated by localizers and the cognitive focus indicated confrontation each other in directional relationship between coordinate and target.

This paper describes the controversy between the Taiwanese and Chinese scholars over Taiwan's history in the form of Ocean Taiwan and Continent China. Taiwanese scholars believe that China is a continental culture and is closed and conservative. Taiwan is a maritime culture, and it is a culture that seeks change and new things. On the other hand, Chinese scholars are trying to absorb Taiwan history as part of China's history, saying that China is not only a continent country but also a maritime nation. This difference in perspective has created a different interpretation throughout Taiwan's history. The characteristics of ‘Ocean Taiwan’ by period are summarized as follows. The Early Taiwan period(Prehistory-1683) divided the Dutch colonial rule and the reign of the ruling Cheng’s regime. It was a time when the characteristics of Ocean Taiwan were revealed when the East Asian maritime trade was active. The period of the reign of Qing dynasty(1684-1894) was a period of active development of land in Taiwan rather than maritime trade, since the Marine commerce prohibition was the basic national policy. The contradictions and conflicts between the indigenous tribes and Han Chinese surrounding land development were serious. However, when Taiwan opened and the Western powers and the advancement of Japan became active, the ocean attracted attention again. The period of Japanese rule(1895-1945) is the point of discussion between colonization and modernization. With the recent excitement of Taiwanese research, there are many studies on marine culture including shipping and harbor, which are rich in feeds. The period of the reign of the Republic of China(1946-present) is the period of industrialization and democratization beyond the 228 events and the ‘White Terror’ era. Although it is internationally isolated due to conflict with China, it has achieved its current economic development through import and export trade through the sea. The controversy over the history surrounding Taiwan was not only a controversy between the independence and the unification but also formed within the Taiwan independence groups. Chinese academia have also argued in this controversy, arguing between Chinese historians and Taiwanese historians. Although not mentioned in this announcement, there are a handful of scholars who criticize both Chinese patriotism and Taiwanese nationalism and seek the third way. In this way, in the Taiwanese society, there is a situation where plural history is coexisting and conflict in one history of Taiwan.

작품세계가 작가의 창조물인 이상 보다 깊은 작품의 이해를 위해 작가의 세계관에 대한 연구는 당연 하며, 이중 沈從文의 여성관에 대한 연구는 그가 창조한 여성형상을 이해하기서라도 반드시 살펴보아 야 할 것이다. 그리고 沈從文의 독특한 여성관은 그 자체만으로 연구대상이 될 만한 중요한 의미를 가 지고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구는 沈從文의 여성관을 체계적으로 파악하고 그의 소설 창작에 있어서의 역할과 의미 를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 정리하면 아래와 같다. 첫째, 沈從文 여성관의 형성과정과 여성관의 특징을 다각적 관점에서 살피고 이것을 체계화할 것이 다. 沈從文의 여성관과 관련된 기존의 연구는 여성형상 분석을 중심으로 하여 여성관이 지니는 특징을 규명하는 수준이었다. 본 연구는 기존의 연구 성과를 기반으로 하고 새로운 관점을 덧붙여 좀 더 구체 적으로 沈從文의 여성관을 살펴볼 것이다. 이를 위한 구체적 연구계획은 다음과 같다. (1) 沈從文 특유 의 여성관을 ‘여성숭배’로 개괄한 뒤, 이러한 여성관의 기원을 살펴볼 것이다. (2) 작품 속 여성형상 분 석을 통해 여성숭배의 구체적 내용, 특징, 이유 등을 살펴볼 것이다. (3) 沈從文의 여성교유와 소설 창 작을 중심으로 여성숭배의 여성관이 변화하고 심화되는 과정을 살필 것이다. 둘째, 沈從文의 여성관이 소설 창작에 끼친 영향과 의미에 대해 살펴볼 것이다. 沈從文의 여성관이 소설에 끼친 영향은 크게 두 가지 관점에서 살펴볼 수 있다. (1) 沈從文 여성관의 변화는 창작시기별 창작경향의 변화에 영향을 주었음을 밝힐 것이다. (2) 沈從文의 여성관은 沈從文 특유의 공리주의 문 학관의 핵심 내용을 형성하고 있음을 밝힐 것이다.

In order to understand the work more deeply than the work world is the creation of the artist, research on the world view of the artist is natural, and the research on the female sketch of the submissive sentence must be understood even if it understands the form of the woman that he created. And it is believed that the unique women's view of hen cong wen has an important meaning to be studied by itself. Therefore, this study systematically grasps the female perspective of Shen cong wen Sentence and examines the role and meaning in his novel creation. The following is summarized. First, we will look at the process of formation of the Shen cong wen Women's Museum and the characteristics of the women's museum from various perspectives and systematize this. Existing researches related to the women's view of Shen cong wen were at the level of identifying the characteristics of women' This study is based on the existing research results and will add new perspectives to look more closely at the women's view of. Second, I will look at the influence and meaning of shen cong wen's women's influence on novel creation. Shen cong wen's influence on the novel can be seen from two perspectives. (1) shen cong wen The changes in the female museum will reveal that it affected the change of the creative tendency by the creation time. (2) The shen cong wen women 's building will reveal the core contents of a distinctive utilitarian literature.

The purposes of this presentation are to analyze the subscription trends ubiquitous in the Journal of North-East Asian cultures published from the Association of North-East Asian Cultures and seek for the future directions of the journal. The Associations of North-East Asian Cultures were established in July, 1998 and has published articles on quarter’s basis (May, June, September, and November). Focusing on Korea, China, Japan, and Russian cultures, the journal aims at establishing East Asian Cultural Community rooted from the chapters from diverse academic disciplines’ discussions and explorations. Throughout the analysis of the articles published with the journal for the sake of proposing the future directions, it is no wonder to say that the analysis should entail the types of the journal published and multiple perspectives voiced from one nation to the other. Journal of North-East Asian cultures deals with complex learning fields, and thorough the active access toward the interdisciplinary fields, the journal tries to shatter commonly held academic biases in the hoping that this will eventually extend the journal’s academic specialties. The Association of North-East Asian Cultures explores issues relevant to Humanities and Social Sciences in the East Asian region, and the categories of the thesis consist of six domains. The presenter analyzed the articles published from volume 1 of 2004 to volume 19 of 2016 on the basis of the author’s distribution in terms of nationality and will report the present condition of international conferences held abroad up to now. The presenter will critically address the relationships between the dominant themes omnipresent from the previous studies and propose an optimal, future directions of the Journal of North-East Asian cultures.

Purpose: This study was done to analyze the relationship among emotional labor, burnout and job satisfaction of nurses. Methods: The data were collected from March 10th to April 10th, 2014 using self report questionnaires given to 194 clinical nurses working in the university hospital. The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient using the IBM SPSS program. Results: The average score of emotional labor was 3.49±0.83, burnout 3.19±0.84, and job satisfaction 2.94±0.72. The emotional labor had a significant positive correlation with the burnout(r=.47, p<.001) and a negative correlation with the job satisfaction(r=-.31, p<.001), and there was a significant negative correlation between burnout and job satisfaction(r=-.64, p<.001). Conclusion: the emotional labor had a significant positive correlation with the burnout and negative correlation with the job satisfaction. Therefore clinical nurses require a perception and positive coping strategy about emotional labor, and hospital should provide them an efficient strategy in order to control the emotional labor of them.

최근 사회 전반적으로 4차 산업혁명이 주요 이슈화 되면서 사물인터넷, 인공지능, 모바일, 생명공학, 나노기술, 빅데이터 등 각 분야의 기술이 융합 발전하면서 새로운 패러다임의 비즈니스 환경으로 큰 변화가 일어나고 있다. 의료기기 산업 분야 역시도 인구의 고령화 문제와 신종 바이러스 출현과 함께 다양한 질병에 대한 두려움 가운데서도 개인의 건강한 삶을 예측, 예방하기 위한 양질의 헬스케어 서 비스를 제공하고자 급속하게 변화하고 있다. 의료기기 시장은 기술 발전에 따른 신규 경쟁 업체의 시 장진입 문턱이 낮아지면서 가격 경쟁이 심해지고 있으며, 정보 취득이 빠른 고객의 눈높이가 높아지면 서 제품의 차별성을 부각하는 것이 점점 힘들어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기술통합수용이론(UTAUT)에 대한 선행연구를 기반으로 국내 의료기기 시장의 제품 트랜드를 가장 잘 보여 주고 있는 체외진단 의료기기 중에서 호흡기 감염질환의 인플루엔자 제품군을 선정하여 의료기관 및 병원 종사자들의 성과기대, 노력에 대한 기대, 촉진조건, 인지된 위험, 사회적 영 향과 조절변수로 의료기기 제품군의 형태에 따른 수용의도와 이용을 설명하고자 한다. 동일한 제품군 형태는 첫째, 신속진단키트(RDT, Rapid Diagnostics Test) 둘째, 리더기 + 멀티스트립(multi - strip reader for point of care testing) 셋째, POC 분자진단(Molecular Point of Care Diagnostics) 제품 3 가지 군으로 나뉘어서 분석하여 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주는지 확인하고자 한다.

As the fourth industrial industry has received much attention from the world, internet of things, artificial intelligence, mobile, bio technology, nano technology and big data are converged and developed, which has caused a great change in business and paradigm shift. Medical instrument industry is also changing rapidly to provide good quality of health care service to improve health and prevent diseases as Korea is rapidly becoming an aging society and new types of virus appear. Price competition among medical instrument enterprises is becoming more fierce as start-up firms enter medical instrument market. It becomes more difficult for medical instrument enterprises to promote a distinctiveness in products as customers' expectation level has risen. This study aims to describe an acceptance intention. a use, performance expectation by medical institutions and staff, expectation for effort, condition for expedite promotion, perceived risk and social influence according to forms of medical instrument product line as a moderator variable after selecting influenza product line of respiratory disease out of medical institutions for in-vitro diagnosis showing product trend of products in domestic medical instrument market best based on advance research on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology(UTAUT). This study is to verify whether they have a statistically significant influence by classifying product line into rapid diagnostics test(RDT), multi - strip reader for point of care testing and molecular point of care diagnostics and analyzing them.

노인인구의 증가에 비례하여 노인성질환 환자가 급증할 것에 대비해 정부는 1994년도에 의료법시행 규칙을 개정하여 새로운 전문병원형태인 요양병원을 탄생시켰다. 2015년 말 전국적으로 1,300여개의 요 양병원이 운영 중이며, 이곳에서 입원하고 있는 환자는 20만명을 상회하고 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 또한 요양병원 입원환자 대부분은 혼자서는 거동이 불가능하고 본능적인 생리활동마저 해결할 수 없는 상태로서 간병인의 조력이 절대적으로 필요한 환자들로 구성되어 있다. 요양병원에 입원하여 간병서비스를 받아야하는 환자들이 증가함에 따라 나타나는 심각한 문제 중의 하나는 아직 우리나라 간병제도가 법적으로 그 근거가 마련되지 않아 심지어 병실 당 환자 대비 간병 인의 비율조차 정해진 바가 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 요양병원 입원환자가 인식하는 간병서 비스의 품질 수준을 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 간병서비스의 질 향상방안을 모색함으로써 궁극적으로는 환자의 삶의 질을 재고시키고자 함에 있는 것이다.

As there has been a continuing increase in the elderly population, the government revised the enforcement regulations of the medical act in 1994 to install long-term care hospitals, which are a new form of specialized hospitals in preparation for a forthcoming rapid increase in patients with geriatric diseases. It is reported that there were approximately 1,300 long-term care hospitals across the nation as the end of 2015, and that the number of elderly inpatients exceeded two hundred thousands. It is not possible for the majority of those inpatients to get around or take care of even basic physiological phenomena, and they are absolutely in want of caregives. One of the grave problems that take place along with the increase in the number of long-term care hospital patients in need of caregivers is that there is no legal foundation for the caregiving system in Korea. No regulations have ever been laid out even about the ratio of caregiver to patient. The purpose of this study is to examine the quality of caregiving perceived by long-term hospital inpatients and ways of improving the quality of caregiving in a bid to help boost the quality life among elderly patients. 　I would like to explore the idea of the god lurking in the myth of various “Iwane (rocky) lyrics” including this “Iwane” which appears in the song of the ultimate treasure, in the song language of Hitomaro. And, in order to clarify where the Hitomaro view of cosmos and philosophy lurking in there is derived from, I would like to study examples of poetry such as “Yusen poetry”.

It is not an exaggeration to say that it is convenience store if it is present small store. Recently, convenience stores are transforming into living culture space by carrying out various task such as courier service, photo printing, postal service, etc., as well as banking through ATM devices in the concept of selling merchandise. The reason for this is that the trend of modern consumers has priority over convenience and accessibility. As competition among convenience store companies becomes more intense, convenience stores are trying to improve the quality of service and convenience of customers by adding various services in addition to the existing strategy of operating 24 hours. Therefore, we are strategically improving sales accordingly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between customer satisfaction and positive emotions, and the intention of repurchase. As a result of this study, it is expected that the theoretical and practical contribution will be made to the direction of service quality and convenience research along with the research related to diversification of distribution industry such as convenience store in the future. This study will test the following hypothesis by constructing a model in theoretical studies with empirical studies. First, convenience store diversification will have a positive effect on convenience. Second, convenience store diversification will have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Third, the convenience of convenience stores will have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Fourth, the convenience of convenience stores will have a positive effect on customers' repurchase intention. Fifth, customer satisfaction will have a positive effect on customers' repurchase intention.

This article aims to present practical alternatives for genuine reform that a majority of the people. In particular, the korean democratic crisis will review the institutional reform as view that it can overcome the reform of political relations the government’s constitution amendment, it can substantially advance democracy. Institutional development has binding power the behavior of individuals or groups. Because the system can change culture, and culture affects the system. Overall when compared with developed democracies; that seek between compromise and stability and social peace, is not nearly all is not a Presidential system but Parliamentary government or Semi-presidentialism. Parliamentary government, Semi-presidentialism has a longer term and stabler for more than Presidential system. It calls for a major change in the wisdom of the relationship between conflict resolution and the relationship between democracy and the democratic government. But constitutional reforms can never be a panacea. Also reform of the constitution does not mean that many structural problems can suddenly be solved. However, there is no such thing as false choice, as it is delaying institutional reform. It is necessary that the serious and repetitive the problem is, the more fundamental it is to innovate. Reform of the Constitution and the political relations law is one of the key pillars of fundamental reform. Importantly, institutional reforms are not necessary the best. But the sake of the Constitution should recognizes that it is a crucial task that must be reformed just like any other part. When the bring the Constitution and the political relations law to the extent of the problem what matters is the integration of civil participation, government organization and conflict and systems. Direct democracy, indirect democracy participation and institution are not a matter of choice between the two sides. It is not necessary to criticized participation by emphasizing representational democracy. Nor should we deny the cause of the introduction of participatory democracy. The choice between participation and the institution, centers of modern democracy, cannot be a desirable alternative. When the happens mixed democracy can be a viable choice for direct democracy based on representational democracy. In the 21st century, when we consider ourselves in Korean reality, sophisticated institution to transform; be regarded as an ideal regime, the Constitution into a more to transform the constitution. There is a need for a institutional designing of the development of human conditions connected to the well-being of human beings. because the institution should exist for human-beings.

본 연구는 우리나라 영화산업 자료를 이용하여 영화산업에서 극장과 배급사 간 수직계열화가 극장의 상영 패턴에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 실증적으로 분석하고자 한다. 2013년 이후 국내 상영시장의 95% 이상을 차지하는 멀티플렉스 상영관인 CJ CGV, 롯데시네마, 메가박스는 계열사 혹은 자사로서 배급사인 CJ E&M, 롯데엔터테인먼트, 메가박스플러스엠와 수직계열화가 되어 있는데, 본 연구에서는 자료분석이 용이한 CJ CGV와 CJ E&M의 수직계열화 효과에 초점을 맞추었다. 극장의 상영 의사결정 에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다양한 요인이 통제된 이후 수직계열화의 순수한 효과를 추정하기 위해 이중 차분법(difference-in-differences)을 응용한 모형이 사용되었는데, 분석 결과에 따르면 CJ CGV는 CJ E&M이 배급한 영화를 다른 배급사와 영화와 비교해 차별적으로 더 자주 상영하였다. 그리고 이러한 차별적 상영 패턴은 공정거래위원회가 CJ CGV에 부과한 과징금의 기준이 되는 CJ E&M의 25편 영화에서 더 크게 나타났다.

Using Korean movie industry data, this paper analyzes the effect of vertical integration between multiplex theatres and distributors-in particular CJ CGV and CJ E&M-on the screening patterns. Our empirical results, which is based on modified difference-in-differences model, suggest that movies distributed by CJ E&M showed more often than other movies at CJ CGV, same affiliate as CJ E&M of the CJ Group. Moreover, CJ CGV’s discriminatory screening pattern was consolidated for 25 individual movies on which Korean Fair Trade Commission fined CJ CGV for unfair competition.

In the twentieth century Anscombe's 1958 article “Modern Moral Philosophy” argued that duty-based conceptions of morality are conceptually incoherent for they are based on the idea of a “law without a lawgiver”. Concepts such as “morally ought”, “morally obligated”, and “morally right” require a legislator as the source of moral authority. In the past God occupied the role, but systems that dispense with God are lacking the proper foundation for meaningful employment of those concepts. Aristotle's virtue ethics can do so without appealing to any such lawgiver, and ground morality in the well being of human moral agents. Therefore Anscombe recommends a return to the eudaimonistic ethical theories of the ancients as secular approaches. Eudaimonia is a central concept in Aristotelian ethics, along with the terms “aretē”(translated as virtue or excellence) and “phronesis”(translated as practical wisdom). In Aristotle's works, eudaimonia was used as the term for the highest human good, and so it is the aim of practical philosophy to consider what it really is and how it can be achieved. eudaimonia is a Greek word commonly translated as well-being, happiness, welfare or “human flourishing”. As Aristotle points out, saying that eudaimon life is a life which is objectively desirable, and means living well. Everyone wants to be eudaimon. And everyone agrees that being eudaimon is related to faring well and to an individual’s well being. But the really difficult question is to specify just what sort of activities enable one to live well. Aristotle says that the eudaimon life is one of “virtuous activity in accordance with reason,” this is a necessary condition of eudaimonia, the pleasure accompanied by virtuous activities is a sufficient condition. Hence we have a more accurate translation of eudaimonia with a review the practical meaning of eudaimonia, and the correlation between eudaimonia and aretē, pleasure.

成宗代에 있었던 華風과 土風의 공존과 갈등을 소재로 삼아, ｢고려시기 제도와 정책의 수용과 배제｣ 문제에 대해서 살펴보았다. 崔承老의 時務策이 성종 즉위 이후 정치 개혁의 준거로 받아들여지면서, 성종대에는 제도의 개혁 기 준으로서 정신 문화는 전적으로 華風에 입각하여 수용하였고, 물질 문명은 화풍과 土風을 동시에 감안 해서 수용하는 기준을 채택하여 정책을 추진했다. 화풍에 의한 정신 문화의 제도적 개혁은 宋에서 입 수한 서책류 등의 유교 典範을 기준으로 삼아, 宗廟 社稷 圓丘 籍田 등 국가 왕실 의례를 중심으로 추진했다. 유교적 체제정비는 나름의 성과가 있었으나, 단기간에 졸속하게 추진하는 과정에서 오류가 적잖이 드러났다. 그리고 불교 행사와 전통적 신앙인 燃燈會, 八關會, 仙郞은 폐지되기에 이르렀다. 太祖는 訓要10조에서 연등회와 팔관회 행사를 폐지하지 말고, 계속 거행해 줄 것을 후대 국왕에게 간절하게 당부했다. 최승로도 연등회와 팔관회 행사에서 소모되는 막대한 비용과 제도적 폐단의 시정 을 지적했을 뿐, 두 행사의 전면 폐지를 주장하지는 않았다. 연등회와 팔관회의 전면 폐지를 주장하지 않았던 최승로와 연등회, 팔관회의 지속적 거행을 주장한 태조의 공통 인식은 당시 화풍과 토풍이 공 존할 수 있는 정책적 공간이라고 여겨진다. 당시 송으로부터 막대한 분량의 蜀版 󰡔大藏經󰡕을 도입한 것도 당시 유교적 체제정비가 불교를 전면 배척하는 형태의 排佛論적인 것이 아니었음을 보여주는 유 력한 근거가 된다. 이런 측면들은 당시 華風과 土風이 공존할 수 있는 최소한의 정책적 공간이 존재했 음을 말해준다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 李知白의 상소문을 보면, 거란의 1차 침공 당시에 선랑은 물론이거니와 연등회와 팔관회가 이미 폐지되었음을 알 수 있다. 이지백의 상소문은 당시 종교 신앙 등 정신 문화 방면의 제 도 개혁이 송에서 수입된 유교 전범을 바탕으로, 유교의 절대적 우위에 입각한 형태로 전개된 것이었 음을 잘 보여준다. 이처럼 성종대의 거란 침입 이전의 시기에 정국을 주도하던 崔承老 등의 집권세력 은 송을 모델로 삼은 유교적 체제정비를 이루기 위해, 이른바 華風적 정신 문화를 지향한 제도 개혁을 추진했으며, 그 결과 연등회, 팔관회의 불교 행사나 神明을 받드는 土風적 전통 신앙이 폐지되었고, 따 라서 토풍적 행사의 가치를 존중하는 徐熙, 李知白 등의 세력은 이에 강력히 대립하였던 것이다. 이지백 등과 같은 토풍적 정신을 담은 종교 신앙의 가치를 높게 평가하는 정치 세력이 거란의 1차 침공 이후에 정국 주도세력으로 등장하면서, 팔관회 등 유교 우위의 화풍적 정책을 추진했던 세력이 그간 폐기했던 토풍적 행사를 복구했다. 이후 고려 사회에서 팔관회, 연등회, 선랑 등의 행사는 불교와 전통 신앙 방면에서 가장 빈번하게 거행되는 국가의 중요 행사로 다시 자리잡았다.

The political power groups including Choi Seung Ro(崔承老) that led the initial stage of King Seungjong(成宗) pushed forward a reformation of system which aimed for a harmonious moral culture. It was modelled on the system of Song(宋) Dynasty to establishment of the Confucian system of Koyro Dynasty. As a result, the Buddhism events such as Yeondeunghoe(燃燈會), Palgwanhoe(八關會), and Seonrang(仙郞) and the folksy, traditional beliefs which follow God’s wish were abolished. Accordingly, another power group including Seo Hee(徐熙) and Lee Ji Baek(李知白) who respected the value of harmonious, folksy events strongly resisted the reformation. The new political group which apprised the traditional beliefs involving a folksy spirit took the initiative after the first attack of Kitan(契丹) and they restored the abolished folksy events. After that, such folksy events as Yeondeunghoe, Palgwanhoe, and Seonrang had been reestablished as most popular ones in the area of Buddhism and traditional beliefs.

This research is about HWAJEONGA of DONGHAE that was written by CHOI, CHAN-GUM. She was born in the DONGHAE in 1900's and was an ordinary noble woman of her time. She was not an official writter due to social constrains, sex discrimination, but was talented artist. She left many essays and letters with literary value. This work is describing her own experience HAWJEON-PLAYING, which was on Mt.CHI-BYOUNG, especailly focusing the mountain scenery and EAST-SEA and her feelings as time went by. Also she quoted Chinese Classical Works and expressed her experience mythically. That is the most important feature of this work. In the subject, enjoyment through HWAJEON-PLAYING comes from pleasance of self-sufficiency, which is formed in friendly bons between woman of her society.

The author explored the pedagogical content knowledge about early citizenship education (ECE) through individual interviews with 54 Korean early childhood teachers. The results demonstrated that teachers frequently prepare young children for citizenship by using community-based rather than individualized goals. Furthermore, the majority cited knowledge related to a sustainable society, communal relationship-oriented values, and interpersonal skills to develop positive relationships as important content areas for ECE. The research identified the participants’ conceptions of citizenship with regard to their national identity as Koreans. Moreover, the pedagogical possibilities in transforming early childhood education to achieve a global citizen identity were discussed.

Yamatotakeru-no-Mikoto in the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki is the person who conquered the district influence which resists Emperor and contributed to the Imperial Household's prestige and prosperity greatly. The tradition of the Keiko dynasty which played an active part over the west and the east of the Japanese Islands is said to have collected the epic theory in the process in which I extend the rule land in an initial dynasty. However, I can say that the person images drawn on both documents differ very much, being told in the same Emperor dynasty. That is, in the account of Emperor Keiko, I am drawn like the hero of misfortune who has not received the love of father at all. To it, by Nihonshoki, he act like loyalist type as a brave subject, receive absolute reliance and love of the Emperor, and regarded as the Imperial prince who died just before a duty finished. Thus, though it is the same person, in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki, I am treated like another person, but it seems that this will probably be concerned with the edit intention of both writings. Probably as for this, the editor side of the Kojiki draws a heroic figure. He killed the elder brother cruelly from hasty judgment of oneself, therefore called fear of Emperor of his father. And the starting expedition is the deployment which the compassion as parent and child does not have and can be regarded as having ignored. After all, I had to wander about Yamatotakeru-no-Mikoto endlessly and it became the tragic hero fallen facing hometown of the wish. Probably this will be conscious also of repose of soul to Yamatotakeru-no-Mikoto. It is telling it that the soul after death became a swan and flew to province of Yamato.

‘Toko-ya’ or ‘sanpatsu-ya’ means a barbershop. There are around 100,000 barbershops in Japan. In this article, I had referred to a search engine called www.ekiten.jp/cut-barber to categorize the country into eight region and to analyze a total number of 800 barbershops, 100 each by region. The eight regions include Hokkaido/Tohoku, Hokuriku/Gosinez, Kanto, Tokai, Kansai, Shikoku, Jukoku, Kyushu/Okinawa. When you classify the names of the barbershop, you would see, definitely ’hair’, ’salon’, ’kami’ or ’cut’ a lot. The name of the barber and the location followed them. Also the signboard showed names of animals or plants. In terms of alphabets or letters, 296 barbershops wrote Romans only on their store signboard while 228 Katakana only. The combination of Katakana and Roman alphabets were found in 54 advertisements as 48 barbers used Chinese characters and Katakana together. Given the numbers, Roman letters and Katakana are used most among other languages.

First of all, when you observe from the songs in the 45th song of Hitomaro “Iwane(A rough mountain road)” and “Saeki”, (In the mountain of the Hatsuse of the hidden country, a steep rock and a disturbing tree) and Squeeze out disturbing trees and let it go. On the other hand, (1) “Kojiki” Kayo song “No. 4 standing on the rock” in the song song “Sakakura songs” songs of the Skunabikona god's “Kamuhoki” ② Also in the court festivals The word “Sokotsu-Iwane” is found in “Norito- OotonoHogahi”. 　In short, it is believed that repeated spells can be cast like this, that the palace has a religious meaning to symbolize “immortal building = authority of stone” in order to be a godly sanctuary. In addition, ③ It is known that the myth of Iwa Ogami in “Harima Fudoki” has the character of Iwagami which is dependent on mountain stone. 　I would like to explore the idea of the god lurking in the myth of various “Iwane (rocky) lyrics” including this “Iwane” which appears in the song of the ultimate treasure, in the song language of Hitomaro. And, in order to clarify where the Hitomaro view of cosmos and philosophy lurking in there is derived from, I would like to study examples of poetry such as “Yusen poetry”.

There are two discriminated villages, Shimosawa and Mukaiyama, in the TAKOKUSA-GO area in Inami-cho, Hyogo Prefecture. They are at the egde of the north　west part of the TAKOKUSA- GO. In the late Middle Ages, they were facing the wetland. After the discriminated people had reclaimed the wetland, people that were not discriminated moved from the other villages of the TAKOKUSA-GO to the wetland area, made three new villages, and deprived the discriminated people of their settlements.

The presenter holds this study in order to explain how Chiba (1852-83) thought about education through shedding light on his opinion about politics. This comparative study gives us what the Itsukaichi Constitution adopted and what it rejected from Mill’s book and Nakamura’s translation. The entrance of the study is the fact that the constitution draft refers on religions many times. Finally the presenter concludes that Chiba pursued a secular government which would thoroughly regard the opinion of the minority highly.

This study focus on the weather trend of marine city Busan in the pre-modern age. The climate change is very important for our daily life and modern business. The 17th among Little Ice Age (1300~1850year) was the times of the Great Famine and the crisis by the meteorologist. The most numerously famine of Latter Period Joseon Dynasty were occurred from the end of 17th to the beginning of the 18th. The agriculture had the bad year and many people had the wandering life by the Great Famine. Especially Latter period Joseon Dynasty suffered hardships from 1670 to 1720 by the Great Famine. The correlation between weather and famine are necessary to investigate concretely from various viewpoints. As a result, the weather of the marine city Busan was very clear and no rainy, the north wind was blowed much by the wind direction data in the end of 17th. in the end of 17th.