Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 학교폭력 피해가 가해에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 이러한 영향에 있어 ADHD성향 과 가족관계가 어떠한 매개적 효과를 나타내는지 분석하는 데 있다. 수도권 4개 초등학교 4-6학년 학생 737명이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 학교폭력 피해 및 가해, ADHD성향과 가족관계에 대해 설문 조사가 이루어졌으며, 수집된 자료는 구조방정식 모형(SEM)을 통해 분석되었다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 우선, 학교폭력 피해는 학교폭력 가해를 직접적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 다음 으로 학교폭력 피해는 학교폭력 가해를 간접적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났는데 다음 두 가지 경로가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 첫째, 학교폭력 피해 → ADHD성향 → 학교폭력 가해 경로가 유의 한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학교폭력 피해 → 가족관계 → ADHD성향 → 학교폭력 가해의 경로가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 학교폭력의 예방 및 지도를 위한 프로그램의 개발에 있어 ADHD 성향과 같은 정서행동적 문제와 가족관계와 같은 관계적 변인들이 반드시 고려되어야 한다는 점을 보여주고 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of school bullying victimization on school bullying perpetration, along with the mediating effects of ADHD tendency and family relationship. The survey data were collected from a total of 737 students in fourth, fifth, and sixth grade at four elementary schools in the Seoul metropolitan area. Their responses to the questions on school bullying, ADHD tendency and family relationship were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The major findings were as follows. School bullying victimization could make influence on school bullying perpetration, not only directly but also indirectly, through the mediating effects of ADHD symptoms and family relationship. Two paths were found statistically significant, including the path of ‘school bullying victimization → ADHD tendency → school bullying perpetration’ and the path of ‘school bullying victimization → family relationship → ADHD tendency → school bullying perpetration’. This study suggests that emotional and relational issues such as ADHD tendency and family relationship should be considered in developing programs for school bullying prevention and intervention.

This study examined the long-term impact of bullying and victimization experience during adolescence on self-concept, social relationship and adjustment among 582 college students nationwide. First, regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of bullying and victimization experience of adolescence on college student`s self-perception, self-esteem, interpersonal ability, social well-being and college life adjustment. Second, we analyzed the Cluster analysis to examine the types of bullying and victimization experience in their adolescence. Third, we conducted one-way ANOVA to examine the differences according to the types in self-perception, self-esteem, interpersonal ability, social well-being, and college life adjustment. The results of analyses showed that (a) bullying experience of adolescence negatively affected the self-perception of college students, and victimization experience of adolescence negatively affected self-perception, self-esteem, interpersonal abilities, social well-being and college life adjustment of college students, (b) according to their bullying and victimization experiences during adolescence, the group were divided into four groups such as inexperienced group, bully group, victim group and bully-victim group, and (c) the bully-victim group and the victim group had lower interpersonal ability and college life adjustment than the other groups, and the victim group had lower self-esteem than the other groups.

본 연구의 목적은 청소년기 초기 폭력 가해, 피해 및 중첩에 영향을 미치는 요인이 성별에 따라 차이를 보이는지 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국아동・청소년패널조 사 중 초등학교 6학년 자료를 사용하였다. 2214명 중 폭력 가해나 피해가 없는 학생 은 1815명으로 전체의 82.0%였으며, 폭력가해(순수가해)만 있었던 학생은 87명(3.9%), 피해만(순수피해) 있었던 학생은 230명(10.1%), 가해와 피해가 모두 있었던(중첩) 학 생은 82명(3.6%)이었다. 달리말해, 폭력행동을 한 전체 학생(순수가해+중첩) 중 48.5%는 피해경험도 있었고, 폭력피해를 경험한 전체 학생(순수피해+중첩) 중 26.3% 는 가해경험도 있었다. 남녀학생은 가해, 피해 및 중첩정도에 있어서의 유의미한 차 이를 보이지 않았다. 가해, 피해 및 중첩에 대한 독립변수로 개인내적인 변수(우울, 충동성, 공격성)와 대인관계 변수(가정학대, 교우관계, 비행친구관계, 교사애착)를 사 용하였다. 독립변수의 성차를 검증한 결과, 우울의 경우는 여학생이 남학생보다 높았 으나 충동성과 공격성 및 가정학대는 남학생이 여학생보다 높았고, 교우관계, 비행친 구관계 및 교사애착은 남녀학생 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 전체 학생을 대상으로 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 비행친구관계와 교사애착은 순수가해에 유의 미한 영향을 미쳤고, 우울, 가정학대, 교우관계 및 비행친구는 순수피해에 영향을 미 쳤으며, 우울, 공격성, 비행친구관계는 가해・피해 중첩에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 비행친 구관계는 모든 경우에 유의미한 영향을 미친 반면, 우울, 공격성, 가정학대, 교우관 계, 교사애착이 가해, 피해 및 중첩에 미치는 영향력은 차이를 보였다. 폭력 가해, 피 해 및 중첩에 영향을 미치는 요인의 성차를 분석한 결과 가정학대, 교우애착, 비행친 구의 영향력은 남녀 간에 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 우울과 교사애착의 영향은 성별 에 따라 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 기초로 정책적인 시사점을 제시하였다.

The purpose of the study is to examine gender differences in correlates of violent offending, victimization, and victim-offender overlap among the youth in early adolescence. To the end, the data of the 6th grade of Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were utilized. Among 2214 students, 1815 students(82.0%) were involved in neither violent offending nor victimization, 87 students(3.9%) had only violent offending, 230 students(10.1%) got victimized without offending, and 82 students(3.6%) had both offending and victimization. In other words, 48.5% of the youth who had offending got victimized too, and 26.3% of the students who experienced victimization also offended others. However, gender differences did not exist in the ratio of violent offending, victimization, and victimoffender overlap. Within-individual variables, such as depression, impulsivity, and aggression and between-individual variables, including abuse at home, relationship with classmates, deviant peer association, and teacher attachment were included in the analyses. According to the results of multinomial logistic regression with all the students, deviant peer association and teacher attachment had significant effects on violent offending; depression, abuse at home, relationship with classmates, and deviant peer association influenced victimization; and depression, aggression, and deviant peer association had significant influence on victim-offender overlap. That is, deviant peer association influenced violent offending, victimization, and overlap, while the effects of depression, aggression, abuse at home, relationship with classmates, and teacher attachment varied across offending, victimization, and overlap. Multinomial regression analyses were conducted for males and females, respectively. The influence of abuse at home, relationship with classmates, and deviant peer association were similar across sex, while the effects of depression and teacher attachment varied across male and female students. Based on the findings, policy implications have been discussed.

한국청소년정책연구원에서 채집한 “한국아동청소년패널조사(KCYPS)” 초4 패널 4년차 자료를 분석하여, 비행 가해, 피해 또는 가해와 피해 중첩 경험자 집단들 사이에서 나타나는 부모의 양육방식에서의 차이점을 탐색하였다. 부모의 감독에서 가해와 피해 경험자들 사이에 유의미한 차이가 있었으며, 가해 경험자와 중첩 경험자 사이에서는 부정적 양육의 3가지 변수, 학대, 비일관성, 과잉간섭에서 유의미한 차이가 도출되었다. 또한 비행 피해 경험자와 중첩 경험자 사이에서는 방임 변수에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 부모의 관심과 적극적인 개입이 청소년들이 초기 성장과정에서 비행으로 유도되지 않도록 하는 데에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 바움린드(Baumrind), 허쉬(Hirsch) 등의 주장에 상응하는 것이었으나, 부모의 엄격한 감독과 규율이 어린 청소년들에게는 압박 또는 스트레스의 요인으로 작용한다는 점도 함께 시사하고 있다.

The difference in Child-rearing Style among three groups in juvenile delinquency. offending, victimized and overlapped adolescents was analyzed with the data set of Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS). The analysis was conducted with 413 middle school first grade students and among them, the offending group was composed of 286, the victimized group was 63, and the overlapped group was 64 students. The results show that between the offending group and victimized group, supervision is statistically relevant, and between the offending group and the overlapped group, harsh discipline, inconsistence and excess intervention resulted in statistically relevant variables. From these results, it has been confirmed that the appropriate supervision and involvement of parents is crucial factors for the development of self-regulation or self-control, but firm supervision can be the stressful element for adolescents.

이 연구의 목적은 현재 장애인들이 체감하고 있는 범죄에 대한 두려움과 경찰활동과인식에 대하여 조사하고 범죄두려움에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 후 이를 토대로 장애인들의 범죄두려움을 낮출 수 있는 정책적인 제언을 하고자 한다. 기존의 범죄두려움에영향을 미치는 요인으로 알려진 집합효율성이론과 취약성이론에 기초하여 경찰활동과 인식이 범죄두려움에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 설문을 실시하였다. 연구대상인 지체장애인의 설문의 한계로 실무자 집단인 서울시 지체장애인협회 25개 지부에 근무하는 지체장애인들을대상으로 장애인과 관련된 설문을 구성하였다. 조사대상자는 각 지부 5명씩 총125명으로설문조사는 2015년 12월 1일부터 15일까지 15일간 진행하였으며, 125명의 대상자 중에서응답이 불성실한 3인을 제외한 122명의 응답자들로부터 얻은 설문자료를 이용하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 집합효율성의 경우 범죄두려움과 유의미한 부적인 관계를 보여 일반인을 대상으로 한 기존의 연구와 일치되는 것으로 나타났다. 범죄피해경험의 경우 간접피해경험의경우 정적인 관계를 보이나 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났고 직접적인 피해경험의 경우 정적인 관계로 기존 연구와 같은 것으로 나타났다. 경찰신뢰와 경찰활동의 인식의 경우도기존의 연구결과와 같이 부적인 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aims to analyze the causes of the disabled people’s fear of crimes and to provide the implication to relevant policies. For this, we scrutinize how the disabled perceive the fear toward felonies and the police action. Further, we empirically tested how police action and their recognition toward it affects the fear toward crimes, on the basis of collective efficacy and victimization which is believed to have effects on people’s fear of crimes. As the physically disabled are incompetent to respond to the questions, we survey 122 person with physical disability for 25 branches of Seoul Association of Person Physically Disabled. Our regression results show negative correlations between collective efficacy and fear of crimes, which is in accord with preceding researches of the non-handicapped. While indirect victimization shows positive correlations with their fear toward crime, it is ot statistically significant in conventional confidence level. Contrarily, direct victimization shows positive correlation with it, and the coefficient is different from zero in conventional level. As it is proven from preceding studies, confidence in police action and their perception toward it has negative correlations with their fear of crimes.

필리핀 지역에서 한국인 교민을 대상으로 한 총기살해 사건이 잇따르면서 최근 우리나라 경찰이 필리핀으로 직접 한국 수사관까지 파견하는 상황에 이르렀다. 한국인들을 대상으로 한 흉악범죄의 증가로 국가적 우려와 지원은 늘고 있으나, 교민들의 범죄 피해두려움은 계속 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 이국 문화에 동화된 정도에 따라 자국민이 느끼는 피해두려움이 달라진다고 보는 것이 일명 “문화 변용(acculturation)”인데, 본 연구는 필리핀 문화에 잘 적응하여 문화 변용을 잘 형성한 사람이 실제 범죄피해 두려움을 더 적게 느끼는지 실증적으로 조사하는데 그 연구 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2015년 7월부터 필리핀 체류 한국인 114명을 대상으로 보름 동안 설문을 실시하였고, 빈도분석 및 다중회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 통해 문화 변용 정도와 범죄두려움과의 관계를 통계적으로 파악하였다. 분석 결과, 한국 교민의 문화 변용과 범죄두려움 정도는 모델(총점 모델) 내에서 서로 음의 관계(-)를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 필리핀 한인 체류자 중 문화 변용이 잘 형성된 사람일수록 낮은 범죄두려움을 갖는다고 하겠다. 그러나 문화 변용 총점을 필리핀 (1) 총 거주 기간과 (2)모국 애착도로 구분하여 봤을 때는, 오직 모국 애착도 문화 변용만이 범죄두려움에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 달리 말하면, 교민 중 이국 문화에 잘 적응하여 높은 문화 변용을 갖게 된 사람인 경우 상대적으로 더 낮은 수준의 범죄두려움을 갖는 것은 사실이지만, 문화 변용이라는 개념을 무조건 해외에서 오래 거주했다는 것으로 해석해서는 안 된다고 하겠다. 범죄두려움은 절대적인 해외 거주 기간에 따라 달라지는 것이 아니라 어쩌면 현지 필리핀인들과의 교류 정도나 친분 정도라는 눈에 보이지 않는 정신적, 심리적 문화 변용 정도에 더 큰 영향을 받는다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 필리핀에서 한국 교민들의 문화 변용 정도를 긍정적인 방향으로 이끌 수 있는 방안을 강구해야 하고, 한국 교민의 범죄두려움 감소를 위한 문화 변용 차원의 대책이 필요함을 실증적으로 확인하는 계기가 마련되었다고 하겠다. 문화 변용 및 범죄두려움 감소 방안을 이하 본문에서 상세히 다루도록 한다.

The current study aims to investigate whether acculturation affects the fear of crime among Koreans in the Philippines. Previous studies assume that there is a correlate between acculturation and fear of crime among immigrants. However, there is a paucity of study about fear of crime and acculturation for Korean immigrants. In particular, it is necessary to conduct a study regarding the cause of the fear of crime and relationships between acculturation and fear of crime toward Korean immigrants who live in the Philippines. Recently, ten Korean immigrants were murdered in the Philippines a year. In this context, this present study has emphasis on examining the links between acculturation and fear of crime among Koreans in the Philippines. The present study employed the data of 114 Koreans who participated in the survey. The survey was conducted in the Angeles, Philippines with the support of Korean policeman(Korean Desk) from July, 2016 for about 15 days. This study used multiple regression analysis by utilizing SPSS package program. Result demonstrated that acculturation has a significant impact on fear of crime when other variables are controlled. However, the current study showed that length of stay in the Philippines is not a significant factor that affect the fear of crime. Furthermore, the result revealed that psychological attachment to ethnicity among Korean immigrants in the Philippines is a significant factor that is associated with fear of crime, when other variables are controlled. Due to the fact that acculturation is a crucial element that is related to fear of crime, there is a necessity to consider the specialized crime prevention strategies associated with increased level of acculturation toward Korean immigrants in the Philippines. Further discussion and policy implication will be included.

In the book Comfort Woman, Nora Okja Keller describes a tragic history of a woman whose past unfolds the atrocities of the imperial Japanese army. With the various elements of the traditional thoughts, Keller successfully depicts a mother- daughter relationship on top of the description of the woman's personal history as a ‘comfort woman'. However, it can be argued that the illustration with detailed oriental imagery may represent the main character in such a way that reinforces the victimization. This paper analyzes the use of the traditional symbology and shamanism in the novel. Then the female bodies will be studied as symbolic battlefields, and the actual issue of the ‘comfort women' will also briefly be investigated; then finally the paper will look for the reasoning that makes writers like Keller able to represent the group, and the problems will be discussed as to whether or not the graphic description doubly victimizes the women for the other's interest.

군사주의의 폭력과 군국주의적 파시즘으로 인한 희생이라는 트라우마를 공유하는 광주와 히로시마의 기억은 매우 다른 과거의 의미찾기와 기억만들기의 과정을 보여준다. 5.18광주는 국가차원의 민주화작업을 거쳐 희생자는 열사로 그들의 항쟁은 민주화운동으로 정립된 상태로 보일 수도 있지만 본연적 5.18광주정신의 고수를 위한 저항도 만만치 않다. 5.18신묘지가 국가에 의해 만들어진 찬란한 기억의 공간이라면 5.18구묘지는 시민들이 기억하고자 하는 ‘그 때의 광주’를 상징한다. 전쟁가해자인 동시에 원폭피해자인 히로시마의 기억은 대립분열양상을 보인다. 히로시마평화기념자료관의 담론분석은 도덕원칙에 근거한 반핵반전의 평화주의가 아닌 시점과 맥락에 따라 정치적 타협이 가능한 평화운동의 성격을 더 많이 노정시켰다. 한인피폭자들의 요구는 백지화되고 히로시마역사의 기술도 타협되어 애매모호한 히로시마의 기억이 만들어졌다. 외교문제로 비화된 역사인식문제는 과거현재미래의 시점적 관계정립에 관한 논쟁이며 한일 간의 미래는 상황논리에 따른 심미적 타협과 도덕적 도그마사이의 중간지점에 합의점을 찾는데 있다.

The memories of Japan’s Hiroshima and Korea’s Kwangju show different patterns of historical internalization. Despite their commonalities from the traumatic past such as the civilian victimization at the hands of military powers, their commemoration praxis exhibit striking differences. After more than 60 years of atomic bombing, Hiroshima is still in mourning over its own casualties while remaining relatively ambivalent about the pain and sufferings of others such as the Korean a‐bomb victims. The contentious debates surrounding the renovation project of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum from 1985 until 1994 show the City’s willingness to promote its moral authority as the anti‐nuclear pacifist hero whereas it simultaneously attempted to undermine Japan’s wartime aggression in Asia‐Pacific. Kwangju, on the other hand, has been transformed from the site of anti‐government protest during May 1980 to the sacred site of Korea’s democracy movement for the past twenty years. The trajectory of May 18 Democracy Cemetery in Kwangju shows the City’s mnemonic transformation from the violently oppressed victim to the hero of Korean democracy. The adamant adherence to the meaning of the old cemetery in today’s Kwangju reveals the lingering spirit of resistance against such glorification. A comparison of the two mnemonic sites shows how the Japanese cultural modes of moral ambivalence and situational logic dictate the commemoration enterprise, and how the Korean cultural modes of self‐victimization and resistance are at work.

Jean Rhys' fourth novel published in 1939, Good Morning Midnight, is about Sasha, a middle-aged woman returning to Paris for a short holiday. Jean Rhys represents a crisis within the heroine, Sasha, who is on the other side of the privileged classes and the language they speak. Rhys, a West Indies Creole living as an outsider, became acutely sensitive to the exploitation of women and Creole women. In her writing, the marginalized and silenced female protagonists end up in a seemingly miserable situation. However, the miserable reality experienced by them is not all that her novels are about. Her heroines address their anger at the distressing situation and their wish to find a way out. In Good Morning Midnight, Sasha, who has been considered “marginal” or “the other” in the society where she lives, is fully aware of her victimization and tries not to lose her existence. This article aims to explore how Sasha resists the typical images imposed on her and seeks to escape from the darkness. She seems to embody otherness in her own name and nationality and is confined in a prison from which she cannot be freed. She recognizes that her imprisonment has reduced her to being a victim and an "other". However, she is not a blank surface; instead, there is always within her the repressed subtext in which she articulates her insightful awareness of her life and seeks escapes from the impositions. Finally, Sasha finds an exit out of her dire situation by accepting and embracing “the other” within herself with no denial of its otherness.

본 연구는 가출청소년들 중 청소년 쉼터 등의 보호를 받고 있는 청소년과 길거리에서 배회하고 있는 청소년들이 어떻게 다른 심리사회적 특성을 지니고 있는지 밝히고자 하였다. 특히 가출청소년들이 가출생활 도중 경험하는 각종 폭력피해경험에 초점을 두고 이러한 폭력피해경험과 관련된 심리사회적 특성들은 어떠한 것들이 있는지, 그리고 이러한 요인들이 쉼터 청소년과 길거리 청소년간에 유의한 차이가 나타나는지를 살펴보았다. 가출청소년 쉼터 및 보호시설에 거주하는 가출청소년과 길거리에서 배회하고 있는 가출청소년을 각각 임의표집하여 총 150명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 변수로는 폭력피해경험의 정도와 이에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측되는 가출관련 특성, 가족배경요인, 비행정도와 가출 후 평균수입 등을 측정하였다. 분석방법은 쉼터청소년과 길거리청소년의 비교를 위하여 t-test와 검증을 사용하였고 폭력피해경험 관련요인을 파악하기 위하여 상관관계분석을 시행하였으며, 다른 변수의 통제 후에도 쉼터 거주 여부에 따라 폭력피해경험에 차이가 나타는지를 보기 위하여 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과 가출관련 특성에 있어서 쉼터청소년들이 길거리청소년에 비하여 만성적 가출의 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 쉼터 청소년들의 가출후 폭력피해경험이 유의하게 낮게 나타났으며, 이러한 차이는 다른 변수를 통제한 이후에도 유의한 것으로 나타났다.

This study compared street youths with runaway adolescents in shelters to see if they differed in their psychosocial characteristics. It focused particularly on their experiences of victimization and the factors predicting victimization. A total of 150 runaway adolescents were recruited from the streets and various shelters for runaways located in Seoul. Results suggest that adolescents in shelters were significantly less victimized compared to their counterparts in the streets. Victimization was related to income, family structure, child abuse, and family pathology. After these factors were controlled, the difference between street youths and shelter youths was still significant. Implications are discussed.

Many online criminals are now targeting those who use social networking sites (SNSs). However, there is a lack of studies that provide a broad overview of the relationship between SNS use and cybercrime victimization. We undertake a comprehensive literature assessment of an articles series found in various databases to address this information gap. This work aims to assess the current state of scholarship reflecting how SNS use affects cybercrime victimization regarding the theories used, the forms of cybercrime studied, the variables investigated, and the key findings. The results indicated that the Routine Activities Theory was the most frequently employed theory; nevertheless, its effectiveness in explaining cybercrime victimization was controversial. In addition, most research has focused on cyberbullying, but numerous types of cybercrime have received less attention. The main predictors of cybercrime victimization were examined based on the dimension of basic use of SNS, and the psychological, social, and demographic attributes of users. Several recommendations are also provided for future research.

Focusing on actual behaviors that occurred during sexual abuse, the present study hypothesized that variations in offending behavior distinctively affect victims of child sexual abuse. Based on the previous literature, a two-way behavioral thematic structure in child sexual abuse is suggested, namely Coercion and Involvement. Differences in offending behavior are expected to distinctively affect victims’ symptoms (e.g., PTSD-type symptoms, behavioral problems, self-esteem, sexualized behavior). Finally, moderating variables affecting victims’ symptoms, such as victim’s age at the time of offense and abuser-victim relationships, are explored.

범죄 두려움은 주로 일반 시민들을 대상으로 연구가 이루어 졌다. 교도소 수용자들의 피해에 대한 두려움은 학자들로부터 많은 주목을 받지 못하였다. 하지만, 수용자들의 안전감은 교도소에서의 교화 목 적을 달성하기 위해 갖추어져야 할 조건이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구 는 멕시코 교도소에 수감중인 수용자들의 피해에 대한 두려움을 조 사하였다. 범죄 두려움에 대한 선행연구를 바탕으로 두려움에 대한 네 가지 요인들을 검증하였다. 이들은 취약성, 무질서, 사회통합, 그 리고 피해경험 요인들이다. 멕시코 전국에 있는 교도소 수용자들을 대상으로 수집된 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과 무질서, 피해경험 그 리고 취약성 요인들이 수용자들의 두려움을 증가시키는 것으로 나타 났다. 그들 중에서 피해경험 요인이 수용자들의 두려움에 가장 크게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 사회통합 요인은 수용자들의 두려움을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 범죄 두려움을 설 명하는 네 가지 모형들이 멕시코 교도소 수용자들에게도 잘 적용됨 을 발견하였다.

Fear of crime victimization research mainly focused on regular citizens. Inmates’ fear of victimization within a prison did not draw much attention from scholars since they are under punishment for their crimes. However, the perception of safety among inmates is a recommended condition in order to help them to achieve their goal for rehabilitation. This study examines fear of victimization among Mexican prison inmates. Considering previous literature, we examined whether four models of fear of crime are applicable to the prison settings using vulnerability, disorder, social integration and victimization experience factors. Using data collected from Mexican prison inmates, we found that disorder, victimization and vulnerability are factors that increased prison inmates’ fear of victimization. Among them, victimization experience exerted the strongest influences in increasing fear of victimization in the prison. Meanwhile, social integration decreased inmates’ fear of victimization inside prison. In conclusion, we found that the four fear of crime models were supported in the Mexican prison inmates study.

본 연구는 다문화 가정 중학생의 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험, 우울 및 공격성, 사이버 비행 행동 수준이 개인적 특성에 따라 차이가 있는지를 살펴보고, 다문화 가정 중학생의 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험이 우울과 공격성의 다중 직렬매개를 통해 사이버 비행에 미치는 영향을 탐색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개인적 특성에 따라 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험과 사이버 비행 행동은 차이가 없었으나, 우울과 공격성 수준은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 다문화 가정 중학생의 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험은 사이버 비행에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험이 우울을 증가시키고, 공격성이 사이버 비행을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났지만, 우울과 공격성 모두 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험과 사이버 비행을 매개하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 집단 괴롭힘 피해 경험은 우울과 공격성을 순차적으로 거쳐 사이버 비행에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether levels of bullying victimization, depression, aggression, and cyber delinquency differ according to the individual characteristics of multicultural middle school students, and to explore the impact of bullying victimization on cyber delinquency through the serial mediation of depression and aggression. The results of the study are as follows: First, there were no significant differences in bullying victimization and cyber delinquency based on individual characteristics; however, differences were found in levels of depression and aggression. Second, bullying victimization among multicultural middle school students was not found to have a direct impact on cyber delinquency. Third, while bullying victimization was found to increase both depression and aggression, and aggression was found to increase cyber delinquency, neither depression nor aggression alone mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and cyber delinquency. However, bullying victimization was found to have a positive indirect effect on cyber delinquency through a sequential pathway involving both depression and aggression.

Most Korean organizations and companies have tried to solve the sexual harassment problem through compulsory sexual harassment prevention education and formal grievance handling procedures. Nevertheless, many women still say they have been sexually harassed at work. Moreover, secondary victimization of sexual harassment in the workplace has been reported constantly. After the damage, sexual harassment victims at work experience negative experiences such as mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, guilt, suicidal thoughts, and overall stress. This affects not only individual problems but also organizations. The strategies to prevent secondary victimization of sexual harassment in the workplace are as follows. First, laws, policies and agencies related to secondary victimization of sexual harassment in the workplace should be unified. Second, the victim and supporters must be actively protected. Third, it is necessary to train a dedicated supervisor with expertise in handling sexual harassment and gender discrimination cases in the workplace. Fourth, Specific guidelines for secondary victimization of sexual harassment in the workplace should be prepared. Fifth, a gender equality in the workplace culture should be created.

Background/Objectives: Our purpose in this study was to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem and grit in the link between human rights victimization and happiness. Methods/Statistical analysis: A sample of 233 students was purposively recruited from two universities in South Korea. SPSS PC + Win. Ver.25 and PROCESS macro Ver.3.5 were used for data analysis. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple mediating effect analysis were performed. Findings: Results were as follows. First, human rights victimization had a significant negative effect on happiness, self-esteem and grit. Grit had a positive correlation between self-esteem and happiness. Second, self-esteem and grit mediated in the link between human rights victimization and happiness. This study can be applied as a new model to prevent college students from human rights victimization. Improvements/Applications: Our findings also demonstrated that self-esteem and grit are useful buffers to happy individuals.

폭력 피해자가 폭력 가해자가 되는 폭력의 악순환은 큰 사회적 문제이며, 이러한 악순환의 고리를 끊는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 폭력 피해를 경험한 아동이 차별 가해라는 새로운 폭력을 행하게 되는 경로에서 자기인권평가의 매개효과를 살펴보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 ｢2017년 아동⋅ 청소년 인권실태조사｣의 데이터를 바탕으로 2,770명의 중학교 1학년부터 3학년까지의 학생을 대상 으로 분석을 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 자기인권평가는 부모폭력, 교사폭력 피해경험과 차별가해행위 와의 관계를 매개하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해서 부모, 교사폭력 피해를 경험한 아동들은 자기인권평 가를 통해 차별가해행위로 이어지는 경로에 노출될 수 있다는 것이 확인되었다. 이를 통해 아동인권 기반 개입, 특히 아동이 속한 환경 속에서 인권 존중의 분위기를 형성하는 것의 중요성에 대해 강조 하였다. 폭력피해를 경험한 아동들이 차별가해행위로 나아가지 않도록 자신의 인권이 존중되고 있 음을 인식할 수 있는 기반을 가정, 학교, 지역사회 내에서 만들어줌으로써 폭력을 경험한 아동이 새로운 폭력의 가해자가 되고, 또 새로운 피해자를 양산해내는 사이클을 막을 수 있을 것이다.

The vicious cycle of violence in which victims of violence become perpetrators of violence is a severe social problem, and it is important to break the vicious circle. The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of self-human rights assessment in the path that children who have victimization experience practice discrimination against other people. The analysis was conducted using data from 2,770 students from the first to third grades of middle school based on data from the 2017 Survey on Human Rights of Children and Youth. As a result of the study, self-human rights assessment mediated the relationship between parental violence, teacher violence, and discriminatory behavior. The results of this study confirmed that children who have experienced parental and teacher violence lower their self-human rights assessment, and that lead to discriminatory behavior. Through this, the importance of intervention based on children’s human rights, especially to form an atmosphere of respect for human rights in the environment in which children belong is emphasized.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the problem drinking status of college students, and to verify the effect of the experience of school violence victimization on the suicidal behavior of college students and the moderating effect of problem drinking in the process Method: In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 338 college students were surveyed online and data of 330 researchers were analyzed. Results: The main results of this study are as follows. First, when examining the problem drinking status of college students, 72.0%(236) of normal drinking group and 28.0% (92) of problem drinking group showed. Second, the experience of school violence victimization had a positively significant effect on suicide behavior. Third, problem drinking, a moderator variable, was found to have a significant positive effect on suicidal behavior. Fourth, it was found that experience of school violence affected the problem drinking in the process of positively affecting suicidal behavior. Based on these results, we suggest practical and policy implications for enhancing suicide problems of college students and improving mental health.

본 연구에서는 디지털 게임 내 성폭력 피해 경험과 가해 경험의 내용과 특성에 대해 탐색하고자 하였다. 성폭 력 피해/가해 경험의 구체적인 내용과 정도, 성폭력 경험으로 인한 정서적 영향, 성폭력 피해시의 대처양식 등 을 조사할 수 있는 질문지를 개발하여 20세 이상의 게임 사용자들을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였고, 총 267명의 자료가 분석되었다. 그 결과, 연구참여자의 99.3%가 1회 이상 성폭력 피해를 경험하였고, 성폭력 가해 도 연구참여자의 62.5%가 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 성폭력 피해와 가해 모두에서 간접적 성희롱이 가장 높은 수준으로 경험되고 있었다. 피해 경험으로 인한 정서적 영향에 있어, 지속적인 성폭력 피해가 있는 경우, 피해자들은 분노/짜증, 우울/불안, 적대감/스트레스를 유의미하게 높게 경험하였다. 피해 경험 시 대처전략은 ‘게임 내 신고시스템에 신고’가 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음으로 부정과 회피가 뒤따랐다. 가해 경험으로 인한 정서적 영향의 경우, 가해 상위 10% 집단이 하위집단에 비해 가해 행동을 통해 스릴/흥분과 같은 심리적 자극 을 경험하는 동시에 죄책감 등의 부정적 정서도 높게 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 성폭력 피해/가해 경험의 정 도를 기준으로 집단 간 차이를 비교한 결과, 게임 이용 행동에 있어 집단 간 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 특정 게임이 아닌 다양한 장르와 특성의 게임들에서 발생하는 성폭력의 내용과 정도 등의 구체적 인 실태를 파악했다는데 의의가 있다. 또한 해외 연구에서 사용된 연구 틀을 그대로 적용하지 않고, 우리나라 게임 사용자들의 디지털 게임 내 성폭력 경험에 대해 실제적으로 접근하였다는데 의의가 있다.

This study was conducted to explore the content and characteristics of victimization and perpetration experiences of sexual harassment in digital games. An online survey was conducted with game users aged 20 or older about the content and extent of sexual harassment experiences, the emotional impact of sexual harassment, and victims' coping strategies, etc. Data from a total of 267 participants were analyzed. As a result, 99.3% of the participants experienced victimization of sexual harassment at least once. It was found that 62.5% of the participants had experienced perpetration of sexual harassment, confirming that sexual harassment in digital games is very prevalent. Among the types of sexual harassment, indirect sexual harassment was experienced at the highest level among both victims and perpetrators. Continuous victims experienced significantly higher levels of anger/irritation, depression/anxiety, and hostility/stress. The most common victims' coping strategy was ‘reporting to the in-game reporting system’, followed by denial and avoidance. In the case of emotional impact due to perpetration, the top 10% of the perpetrator group was found to experience higher levels of psychological stimulation such as thrill/excitement through the perpetration behavior, while also experiencing negative emotions such as guilt. As a result of comparing differences between victims and perpetrators, it was confirmed that there were differences between groups in game use. This study is significant in that it identified specific facts that occur in digital games of various genres and characteristics, rather than in specific games.

The purpose of this study was to explore the structural relationships among mobile game addiction, cyberbullying, and hostility with elementary school students and to identify the specific pathways through which mobile game addiction affects cyberbullying perpetration. A total of 406 students at grades 4 to 6 were recruited from two elementary schools in a metropolitan area. The participants were surveyed regarding their levels of mobile game addiction (MGA), cyberbullying victimization (CBV), cyberbyllying perpetration (CBP), and hostility. Using the bootstrapping analysis in the structural equation modeling (SEM), pathways through which mobile game addiction affects cyberbullying perpetration were tested. The results are as follows. Firstly, mobile game addiction had a direct effect on cyberbullying victimization and an indirect effect on cyberbullying perpetration. Secondly, three pathways from mobile game addiction to cyberbullying perpetration were identified in a path analysis: ‘MGA → CBV → CBP,’ ‘MGA → hostility → CBP,’ and ‘MGA → CBV → hostility → CBP.’