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The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of parents and teachers about scientifically gifted students in Korea. An instrument that measures perception consisted of 34 five-point Likert-type items (scores range from 1 to 5), and categorized into six domains: curiosity and adventure, logical thought and word, commitment and responsibility, learning ability, leadership and reaction, and openness. Data were collected from 73 parents and 73 teachers of scientifically gifted students, which were taught in the Science Education Institute for the Gifted adjacent for University. The levels of perception were considerably high. The highest perception domain was learning ability for both parents and teachers, but the lowest was openness. Perception level of parents was higher than teachers’ in curiosity and adventure domain. There was no significant difference between parents’ and teachers’ perception levels in other domains (p < 0.05). For teachers’ perception, each domain correlated positively, and the correlation between the domains was significant. But, for parents’ perception, the openness domain didn’t correlated significantly with curiosity and adventure, logical thought and word, and learning ability (p > 0.05). Effectively to educate scientifically gifted students, gifted educational programs need to be designed considering perceptions of gifted students' parents and teachers about them.

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 약물남용에 대한 인식과 태도, 자기효능감, 셀프리더십의 관계를 파악하여 간호대학생의 약물남용을 예방하기 위한 중재방안의 기초자료를 제공하기 시도되었다. 연구대 상자는 B시의 간호대학생 219명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS/WIN 23.0 통계프로그 램을 사용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 대상자 의 약물남용에 대한 인식 평균은 2.50±0.49점, 약물남용에 대한 태도 평균은 3.44±0.77점, 자기효능감은 2.67±0.47점, 셀프리더십은 3.68±0.65점으로 나타났다. 대상자의 약물남용에 대한 인식, 약물남용에 대한 태도, 자기효능감, 셀프리더십의 상관분석에서 셀프리더십은 약물남용에 대한 인식, 약물남용에 대한 태도, 자기효능감과 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 자기효능감은 약물남용에 대한 태도와 양의상관계를 나타냈다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 간호대학생의 약물남용을 예방하기 위한 중재방안을 마련하기 위해 약물남용에 대한 올바른 인식 및 태도를 형성하기 위한 교육 및 프로그램의 개발이 필요하고, 자기효능감 과 셀프리더십이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

This study aimed to examine the relationships among nursing students’ perception and attitudes toward drug abuse, self-efficacy, and self-leadership, providing foundational data for developing preventive interventions. Data were collected from 219 nursing students in City B and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program through descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The mean scores were 2.50±0.49 for perception of drug abuse, 3.44±0.77 for attitude toward drug abuse, 2.67±0.47 for self-efficacy, and 3.68±0.65 for self-leadership. Correlation analysis revealed that self-leadership was positively related to perception and attitudes toward drug abuse and to self-efficacy. Self-efficacy also showed a positive relationship with attitudes toward drug abuse. These results suggest that enhancing self-efficacy and self-leadership should be considered when developing educational programs to improve accurate perceptions and positive attitudes toward drug abuse prevention among nursing students.

This study investigates teachers’ and students’ perceptions of the role of hedges. By comparing teaching and learning perspectives, the study analyzed their awareness of the functions and teachability of hedges in EFL contexts. To provide rudimentary knowledge of the interpersonal meaning(Halliday, 2014) conveyed by hedges, four to five week series of lectures were provided as part of the courses, and at the end of the semester, surveys were conducted. The questionnaire used for the study was modified from Kot’s(2013,2015) studies on hedges. The results indicated that teachers and students agreed with the functions of hedges, while they differed in their perceptions of EFL contexts. For the function of hedges, the students were more sensitive to hedges associated with fluency, while the teachers were more aware of hedges as a tool for communication. The participants also differed in recognizing the hedges available in teaching materials. These findings have implications for language education calling for explicit instruction.

This study attempts to examine farmers’ preference and perception towards cropland agroforestry (CAF) and its economic benefits in Bangladesh. It surveys 84 farmers of two sub-districts named Manirampur and Bagherpara under Jessore district of Bangladesh to address the study objectives with the help of a questionnaire during the period of June to July 2013. We follow a multistage random sampling procedure for selecting respondents of the survey. A total of 27 plant species under 19 families are identified in the surveyed crop fields, among which 11 are tree species and 1 is shrub from 8 families and 15 species are agricultural crops from 11 families. According to the survey findings, most of the farmers prefer multipurpose tree species like Swietenia macrophylla (67 percent), Phoenix sylvestris (48 percent), Mangifera indica (48 percent) and Cocos nucifera (43 percent). We also find that Curcuma longa (92 percent), Oryza spp. (56 percent), Solanum melongena (43 percent) and Amorphophallus campanulatus (33 percent) are the available agriculture crops which are grown in association with trees in the study area. The surveyed farmers report that they practice CAF to get fuel wood, fodder, juice, fruit and food for family consumption and revenue earnings. About 76 percent of the surveyed farmers endorse the existence of a positive interaction between trees and agriculture crops, while the rest 24 percent endorse the existence of a negative interaction between trees and agriculture crops. This study finds that CAF farmers on an average earn US$ 1,410 per farm per year and the yearly average revenue difference between CAF and non-cropland agroforestry (NCAF) farmers is US$ 214. Overall, CAF needs to develop through scientific intervention in the study area to conserve the biodiversity and to enhance farmers’ sustainable livelihood.

The purpose of this study is to examine Korean adult learners' understanding about English as a world language and their attitudes towards English variation. As the world has become globalized, English is being used in many parts of the world as a tool of communication. In this context, the present study is aimed at investigating how Korean adults learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) understand English as a world language. The data for this study were collected from 176 Korean EFL adults learners in Gwangju and analyzed by SPSS Window 14.0 Version. A survey questionnaire was used to examine the perception and attitudes of adults learners. This findings suggest that English instructors should introduce the World English perspectives and help their students to be exposed to the varieties of English in their classes in order to raise students' awareness of these varieties and to enhance their self-confidence.

본 논문은 광고회피 성향을 극복하기 위한 효과적인 웹광고 포맷을 개발하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이 연구는 미국의 대학생 301명을 대상으로 인터넷 광고 형태 중 배너, 팝업, 리치미디어 광고(텍스트, 동영상, 애니메이션과 쌍방향성 메시지를 동반한 광고)에 대한 인식, 태도, 광고회피 성향을 분석하였다. 그리고 인지, 태도, 회피간의 상관관계를 조사했다. 연구결과 대학생들은 웹기반 광고가 정보나 오락을 제공하기 보다는 작업을 방해하는 성가신 것으로 인식하는 경향이 강했다. 특히 팝업광고에 대해서 가장 부정적인 인식을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 다른 광고포맷 보다 더 많이 회피하려는 성향을 보였다. 그리고 세 개 인식요인인 정보와 오락과 성가심 중에서 오락이 웹광고에 대한 태도에 가장 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 리치 미디어광고가 팝업이나 배너광고 보다 재미나 오락적인 요소를 가지고 있기 때문에 가장 덜 회피한다는 결과로 재확인할 수 있었다. 또한 인식과 오락과 정보 간에는 긍정적인 상관관계가 있었고, 인식과 성가심 간에는 부정적인 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 광고회피는 웹광고에 대한 태도와 부정적인 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

The aim of this research is to find effective web advertising formats to overcome the trend associated with avoidance. Three web ad formats used in this study are banner, pop-up, and rich media advertising. Overall research questions to be addressed include students' perception, attitude, and their level of avoidance toward web advertising. The correlations among perceptions, attitude, and avoidance also are examined. The survey result reveals that students perceive web advertising as more irritating than informative and entertaining. Students show a negative attitude toward pop-up and want to avoid pop-up than other web advertising formats. There is a positive correlation among entertainment, informativeness, and attitude, but a negative correlation between irritation and attitude. Avoidance shows a negative correlation with entertainment, informativeness, and attitude toward web ads, but is positively correlated with irritation.

이 논문은 한국, 중국, 일본, 미국의 시민들의 안전 인식을 분석하고 공공 안전 관리 서비스의 질을 비교하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해, 이 연구에서는 안전 인식에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하고 안전 관리 서비스 개선 방향을 제안하기 위한 시사점을 찾는데 목표를 둔다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 안전 인식, 기대, 성과, 안전 관리 만족에 대한 분석 결과, 중국 시민들이 자신들의 안전 수준을 가장 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 안전 관리 서비스에 대한 기대 인식은 한국과 일본에서는 낮았지만, 미국과 중국의 시민들은 비교적 높은 점수를 주고 있다. 셋째, 4개국 시민들은 모두 자기 국가의 안전 수준을 긍정적으로 인식하고 있다. 넷째, 4개국 국가 간에 시민들의 안전 추구 행동에는 차이가 있으나, 중국 시민들의 경우에는 안전을 위한 비용 지불을 제외한 다른 모든 영역에서 가장 높았다. 마지막으로, 대체적으로 중국 시민들은 자기 국가의 안전 관리 서비스에 대해 충분히 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 미국, 한국, 일본의 순서로 만족 점수가 높게 나타났다.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the present safety perception condition of the four cities' citizens and compare the quality of public safety management service among Korea, China, Japan, and USA. For accomplishing the purpose, this article aims to explore implications for suggesting the directions of safety management service improvement and providing the basic data related with safety perception to us. The results of this study are as follows. First, results which analyze the safety perception, expectation, performance, satisfaction of safety management indicate that Chinese citizens perceived their safety level as highest. Second, expectation perception to safety management service is low in both Korea and Japan, but citizens in USA and China give relative high score to them. Third, all the country's respondents are aware of their country's safety level positively. Fourth, there were differences of safety ensuring behaviors among four countries, but, according to the results, safety ensuring behaviors of Chinese citizens are highest in almost domains except the domain of willingness to pay for the safety. Finally, on the whole, Chinese citizens have a feeling of satisfaction to their countries' safety management service sufficiently.

본 연구의 목적은 간호⋅간병통합서비스병동 간호사를 대상으로 환자안전간호활동에 미치는 영향 을 알아보기 위함이다. 본 연구는 서술적 상관관계 조사연구로 강원도, 충청도, 경기도에 소재한 총 5곳의 종합병원에 근무하는 150명의 간호사를 대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 서술적 기술통계, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson correlation coefficients, 및 hierarchical regression을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 자기효능감과 안전문화인식 수준은 3.59점과 3.67점이었으며, 환자안전간호활동 수준은 4.35점이었다. 환자안전간호활동에 미치는 영향 요인은 안전문화인식과 자기효능감이였으며, 이중 안전문화인식이 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 간호⋅간병통합서비스병동 간호사의 환자안전간호활동 향상을 위해 환자안전문화인식을 높이기 위한 교육프로그램이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting patient safety management activities among nurses working in comprehensive nursing care units in South Korea. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 150 nurses recruited from five general hospitals in Gangwon-do, Chungcheong-do, and Gyeonggi-do. The SPSS/WIN 23.0 program was used to analyze descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression. The mean score of self-efficacy and safety culture perception was 3.59 and 3.67, respectively. The mean score of patient safety care management activities was 4.35. The results of a hierarchical regression analysis show that safety culture perception was the greatest influencing factor, followed by self-efficacy. The findings suggest the need of educational programs to enhance nurses’ perception of patient safety culture and promote patient safety management activities for nurses providing comprehensive nursing care.

Lighting plays a fundamental role in defining the visual atmosphere, emotional tone, and realism of animation. Beyond simple illumination, it functions as a visual language that conveys narrative intention and guides audience perception. In stop-motion animation, the use of miniature sets produces a distinctive “small set effect,” where lighting appears denser, sharper, and more dramatic due to the physical compression of space and reduced light distance. This phenomenon has long been recognized by practitioners as a defining aspect of the medium’s aesthetic identity.In contrast, 3D animation employing Physically Based Rendering (PBR) adheres to the inverse square law of light behavior, ensuring that when distance and intensity are proportionally adjusted, lighting results remain physically consistent across different scales. This raises a critical question: if the physical outputs are identical, why do smaller digital scenes often appear brighter or more intense to viewers?To explore this discrepancy, this study replicated the same scene at 1×, 2×, and 4× scales using Autodesk Maya and the Arnold renderer under identical lighting setups. Quantitative analysis through Difference operations confirmed pixel-level equivalence among all scales, validating the mathematical consistency of PBR. However, perceptual evaluations using 5-point Likert scales revealed a consistent bias: smaller scenes were perceived as exhibiting stronger illumination, higher contrast, and a more dramatic lighting mood.These results indicate that the “small set effect” in digital environments arises not from physical variation but from perceptual interpretations influenced by contextual visual cues. The study concludes by proposing a perceptual lighting design framework that integrates factors such as texture density, focal length, depth of field, and reference scale—bridging the gap between physical accuracy and emotional realism in digital lighting design.

Previous research has enlightened pre-service English teachers’ perceptions of teaching and evaluation. This study raised the question of a possible credibility gap between the pre-service teachers’ subjective perceptions and their third-person objective judgements. To this end, thirty-six English majors in a university English Teaching Methodology course completed a two-page questionnaire with a section on feedback types and another on teaching evaluation criteria. The questionnaire was administered twice: first to determine teachers’ subjective perceptions, and later to measure their third-person objective judgements. The results suggest statistically significant gaps between the two different perspectives. The gaps were evident in ‘self-evaluation through video observation’ in the section on feedback types, and ‘teacher’s English skills’ and ‘teacher’s preparedness’ in the section on teaching evaluation criteria, all of which the pre-service teachers may consider demanding or challenging. The results reveal that their perception may have been expressed for convenience sake and thus were different from their judgements from a third-person perspective. Therefore, the study makes suggestions to educators in pre-service teacher training programs, both for their research and for adaptation to their education practice.

Using data from Naver Knowledge In (KiN), the largest online Q&A community in South Korea, and YouTube, this article investigates the public perceptions of simultaneous interpreters in the online world. Python is used to crawl titles and descriptions from YouTube videos as well as questions posed by the general public from Naver KiN with the search word “동시 통역사” (“simultaneous interpreter” in Korean). A qualitative content analysis is performed on 110 Naver KiN questions and 55 YouTube videos. The result is complemented with a keyword analysis. On Naver KiN, most of the questions were from people who “dream” to become a simultaneous interpreter. People perceived simultaneous interpreters as (1) experts in language; (2) working on the “global” stage; (3) with a “free” lifestyle; (4) and a role of mediating between different “cultures.” On YouTube, simultaneous interpreters claimed to be professionals, but at the same time appeared to feel the need to prove themselves and defend against competition coming from unqualified interpreters. They perceived their job as “harsh,” “hectic,” “stressful” but “fun” at the same time.

Objective: This study was to investigate the perception gap between preceptors and pharmacy students on community pharmacy experiential education. Methods: The online survey was performed for 55 preceptors and 215 pharmacy students separately from April 1 to April 30, 2014. The preceptors were who completed community pharmacy practice experience at least a session and the students were who involved in community pharmacy practice for more than 21 days. The questionnaires were prepared based on the lesson contents guideline of Introductory Pharmacy Practice Education of Community Pharmacy by Korea Association of Pharmacy Education. The survey questions were consisted with demographic characteristics, evaluation of student and preceptors, benefits and disadvantages of pharmacy practice for both groups. Results: A total of 27 (49.1%) preceptors and 103 (47.9%) pharmacy students responded to the survey questionnaires. Preceptors indicated that students lacked face-to-face communication ability with patients, caregivers, and physicians. One of the Benefits of participating in pharmacy practice education as a preceptor included the improvement of self-esteem (70.37%). Disadvantages were identified as workload burden due to teaching and preceptor responsibilities at the same time. All students responded that benefits of experiencing pharmacy practice education were helping them determine their career, and they would consider working in community pharmacies (68.93%). However, handling over-the-counter drugs and communicating with doctors or nurses were identified as barriers. In addition, preceptors and pharmacy students expressed necessity of the standard text books and curriculums. Conclusion: This study identified the perception gap on community pharmacy experiential education between preceptors and pharmacy students. For the successful implementation of pharmacy practice experience, the effective and appropriate methods should be developed.

Antidepressants are frequently prescribed for a wide range of symptoms. Surveys in several countries have suggested that negative attitudes towards antidepressants are common. However, there has been limited research associated with the attitudes in Korea. Therefore, this quantitative descriptive study describing the perception and attitudes toward antidepressants was performed using healthy people and outpatients who are not taking antidepressants. The surveys by means of self-reporting questionnaires showed negative attitudes towards antidepressants (74.2%). But, 74.2% of above participants gave positive answers to take antidepressants when they are counseled by medical professionals. Higher rates of negative attitudes were found in younger age group (“it causes addiction”) and healthy volunteers and urban area groups (“it causes physical harm”). Study participants without experiences in taking antidepressants showed more negative attitudes although the difference was not statistically significant. Based on the results, accurate and objective information about antidepressants needs to be provided by well-trained health professionals.

Social media has become an important online field in which professional identity construction occurs(Gal et al., 2016). This study aims to understand how interpreters are perceived and represented on the video-sharing website YouTube (www.youtube.com). Using Selenium, a Python library, the title and description of all 298 videos searched with the keyword “tongyeoksa”(meaning “interpreter” in Korean) were scraped. Keyword analysis, co-occurrence network analysis and LDA topic modeling analysis were employed to derive insights from the scraped data set. A qualitative content analysis was performed to complement the result of analysis. Through the analysis, the study reveals that the main topics of ‘interpreter-related’ YouTube videos are “Occupation and English Learning”, “Interpreters under the Media Spotlight”, “Sign Language Interpretation and Certificate”, “Female Sports Interpreter and Appearance”, and “Lectures and Awareness-raising”. Perception of interpreters in general showed an association with ‘foreign language skills’, ‘foreign language learning’, and ‘the growing popularity of Korean cultural content overseas’. On the other hand, ‘certificate’ and ‘awareness-raising about human rights of the socially-underprivileged’ appeared as main topics in the online discourse of sign language interpreters while ‘femininity’ and ‘appearance’ were highlighted in sports interpreters.

본 연구는 자살과 낙태 등 생명경시가 유행병처럼 번지는 위기상황에서 이 시대를 살아가야 할 대학생들이 그들이 맞게 될 다양한 생명윤리의 이슈들에 대해 올바른 판단을 하고 윤리적 실천을 할 수 있도록 대학교육현장에서의 생명윤리교육의 중요성을 일깨우기 위해 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구결과 대학생들의 생명의료윤리 인식의 정도는 4점 만점에 2.74로 높지 않았으며, 5개 하위영역별로는 장기이식이 가장 높았고 인공임신중절, 안락사, 인간생명공학 순이었으며 뇌사가 가장 낮았다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 생명의료윤리 인식의 차이는 여자가 남자보다, 인문계열이 자연계열보다, 기독교와 천주교가 불교 혹은 종교가 없는 경우보다, 본인의 경제상태가 넉넉한 경우 생명의료윤리에 대한 인식이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 생명윤리적 특성에 따른 차이는 윤리적 가치관이 확고한 경우, 생명윤리에 대한 갈등 경험이 있는 경우, 현재교육에서 생명윤리에 대한 교육이 충분하거나 부족하다고 답한 경우, 추후 생명윤리 교육에 적극 참여하겠다고 답한 경우 생명의료윤리 인식이 더 높게 나타나 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 연구결과를 토대로, 보다 세분화된 계열별 대학생들을 표집한 추후연구가 필요하고 대학생들의 생명윤리교육에 대한 요구도를 구체적으로 파악함으로써 이에 맞는 생명윤리교육 프로그램 개발이 필요하며 그 효과를 검증할 것을 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data which is necessary for educating undergraduate students for establishing a desirable sense of ethical values. In this descriptive research, a total of 195 undergraduate students were selected and data were collected using a 4-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient by using SPSS/WiN 21.0 program. The result of the study were as follows: The average score of perception of biomedical ethics was 2.74±.26. The highest score, 3.04±.34, was seen in the category of the 'Organ transplantation', the lowest, 2.42±.44, was seen in the category of 'Brain death'. Statisically significant differences were founded in the general characteristics of gender(t=-2.58, p=.010), major field(F=3.965, p=.009), religion(F=3.492, p=.017), economic status(F=4.601, p=.011). Statistically significant differences were founded in the characteristics related to the subjects' ethical values of ethical values(F=4.817, p=.009), experience on conflict of biomedical ethical issues(F=4.631, p=.011), perception on times and quality of educational programs regarding biomedical issues(F=4.804, p=.009), intention to attend class on biomedical ethics(F=5.736, p=.004). In consequently, continuing educational programs need to be developed and more reinforced ethical education should be offered.

한국인 남성과 외국인 여성간 국제결혼, 외국인 근로자의 국내 유입 등으로 인해 다문화가정의 자녀도 매년 증가하고 있다. 다문화가정 학생들은 학교가 끝난 뒤 집이나 PC방에서 인터넷 게임에 많은 시간을 보내고 있어서 게임 중독에 걸릴 가능성이 높다. 실제로 정부의 조사 결과 다문화가정 학생의 게임중독율은 일반가정 학생에 비해 3배 이상 높게 나타났다. 교육과학기술부는 다문화가정 학생들의 여러 어려움을 줄이고 한국인으로서 올바른 정체성을 가질 수 있도록 전국의 대학생들을 멘토로 활용하는 다문화가정 학생 멘토링 사업을 진행하고 있다. 대학생 멘토들은 주로 멘티의 학습지도에 멘토링의 초점을 두기 때문에 멘티들의 게임중독 실태에 대한 이해가 부족할 것으로 예상된다. 다문화가정 학생들의 건전한 게임 이용을 유도하기 위하여 대학생 멘토들은 다문화가정 학생들의 게임 중독 실태와 이에 대한 대처 방안을 인식하고 적절한 지도 방안을 숙지하고 있을 필요가 있다. 이 연구에서는 다문화가정 학생의 게임 중독과 관련한 제반 사항에 대해 멘토들의 인식과 태도를 조사 및 분석하고, 분석 결과에 따라 적절한 제언을 하였다.

The number of children in multicultural families has increased every year due to the international marriage between Korean men and foreign women, the influx of foreign worker, etc. Students in multicultural families have a high possibility to be struck down by game addiction because they spend a lot of time on playing internet games at home or PC room after school. A survey conducted by the government shows that the game addiction rate of students in multicultural families is three times higher than those in general families The mentoring business for students in multicultural families has been under way by the Ministry of Educational Science and Technology. The aim of this business is to reduce difficulties that students in multicultrual families confront and to help them develop a right identity as Korean. University mentors are expected to have insufficient understanding towards game addiction of mentees because they have a tendency to focus mainly on the mentees' learning development in their mentoring. University mentors need to understand the actual game addiction condition of students in multicultural families and know how to cope with this problem. Also, they need to know how to lead the students to right direction in order to induce the students in multicultural families to play age-appropriate games. In this study, we surveyed and analyzed mentors' perception and attitude towards the game addiction of students in multicultural families. Also we put forward some appropriate suggestions according to the results of analysis.

본 연구는 창작공연을 통한 발레전공 대학생들의 창작인식 변화를 분석하여 창작교육의 진정한 의미가 무엇인지에 대한 실체를 규명하고자 하였다. 따라서 3개월간 연구 참여자 7명을 대상으로 공연과정에서 무엇을 어떻게 느꼈는지에 대한 변화인식을 분석하였다. 연구방법은 공연형태가 무용교육에서 실제로 어떤 교육현상을 반영하는지를 분석하기위해 질적 연구방법을 선택하여, 다양한 관계요소들의 상호작용을 분석하기 위해 참여관찰과 면담 그리고 내용분석과 현장조사지, 자유토론과 심층개별면담을 통해 인식변화과정을 분석하였다. 연구결과 자율적인 참여를 통한 사고확산과 인식변화의 경험을 넓혀 공연의 응집력과 완성도가 높게 나타났고, 특히 작품수행능력에 있어서 기량 향상과 함께 발레전공자들의 창작인식의 변화는 자율적이고 능동적인 변화를 가져다 준 것으로 나타났다.

This research is a creative ballet recitals through major changes to analyze the creative sparks creative awareness education is the true meaning of what you want to identify the substance. As a result, three-month study participants seven people in the process of performing a change in what and how did some recognition analysis. Training on how to study dance performances are actually some form of education in order to analyze whether the phenomenon reflects qualitative research methods to select the various elements of the relationship between the interaction and discussion and analysis in order to participate in observing and analyzing information on the scene shall buy, freedom of discussion individual in-depth discussion and analysis of the process of change through awareness. Research autonomous participation of the accident spread through the experience and recognition of the growing number of performances are highly cohesive and completeness London, particularly the ability to perform the work, along with improved skills in the creative ballet major change is the recognition of the active and voluntary changes in a dramatic given last year.

본 연구에서는 중국인 학습자가 말토막을 구성하는 음절수와 초성의 성질에 따라 어떻게 지각하고 산출하는지, 그리고 지각과 산출의 상관성에 대해 분석하였고, 말토막 교육에 주는 시사점을 제시하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습자가 말토막 억양 패턴 사이의 음성학적 차이를 구별할 수 있는지가 아니라 각 말토막 억양 패턴을 내재화시킬 수 있는지가 학습자의 산출 정답률과 관련된다. 둘째, 지각과 산출의 관계는 말토막에 포함된 음절수에 따라 다르게 나타났으며 이를 통해서 지각과 산출의 관계는 단순한 인과관계가 아니라는 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 초성에 대한 지각 정답률과 산출 정답률 사이에는 큰 차이가 있으며, 음절수의 차이는 초성에 대한 지각 정답률과 산출 정답률에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 이상의 결과를 통해서 말토막 억양에 대해 교육할 때 단순한 지각훈련뿐만 아니라 명시적인 교육과 초점 훈련도 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze Chinese learners’ perception and production of accentual phrases according to the number of syllables composing the accentual phrases and the pitch patterns of the first syllable in an accentual phrase and come up with some implications for teaching accentual phrases based on the correlation between perception and production. The results are as follows: First, production accuracy is related to whether learners can internalize the pattern of accentual phrases, instead of whether learners can point out the difference among the patterns of accentual phrases. Second, the relationship between perception and production differs according to the number of syllables, and it can be seen that this relationship is not based on a simple causal system. Third, when it comes to the pitch patterns of the first syllable in an accentual phrase, there is a big difference between the accuracy of perception and production, but the difference in syllable numbers does not affect this accuracy. The above results show that while teaching accentual phrases, not only perceptual training but also explicit and focused training is needed.

초등교사 및 초등학생의 손잡이에 따른 초등교육을 위한 기초 연구로서 예비초등교사의 손잡이에 대한 인식을 연구하였다. 예비초등교사들은 저절로 형성된 손잡이, 양손잡이, 오른손잡이, 왼손잡이 순으로 바람직한 손잡이라고 생각하였으며, 왼손잡이 학우의 생활은 불편하고, 왼손잡이 학우가 교사일 때에 왼손잡이에 대한 걱정과 오른손잡이로 교정해야 할 필요성은 크게 느끼지 못하며, 수업에서의 시범을 위해서 오른손잡이로 연습하는 과정이 어렵다고 생각하고 있었다. 또한, 왼손잡이에 대해 더 우호적인 사회의 태도가 바람직하고, 오른손잡이와 동등하게 수용하기 위한 최우선 과제로는 생활에서의 효용성 측면이 인식의 변화에 대한 요구가 높았다. 이 결과는 강미희(1994)의 연구 결과와 가장 바람직한 손잡이, 왼손잡이 학우의 생활, 왼손잡이 학우가 교사일 때, 왼손잡이 학우에 대한 사회의 바람직한 태도는 거의 일치하는 경향을 보였으나, 왼손잡이 학우의 오른손잡이로의 교정 필요성, 사회의 태도는 상반된 결과를 보였다. 성별에 따른 예비초등교사의 왼손잡이 학우에 대한 인식에서 여학생이 남학생보다 왼손잡이 학우의 교사일 때에 대해 더 걱정하고 있었고, 오른손잡이로 교정해야 할 필요성을 느끼고 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 손잡이집단에 따른 예비초등교사의 왼손잡이 학우에 대한 인식의 차이는 오른손잡이 집단이 왼손잡이 집단보다 왼손잡이 학우의 일상생활에 대해 더 많이 불편하고(p<.01), 왼손잡이집단과 오른손잡이집단이 양손잡이 집단보다 교정해야 할 필요성을 보였다(p<.05).왼손잡이 학우에 대한 바람직한 사회적 태도에 대한 인식과 왼손잡이 학우를 오른손잡이와 동등하게 수용하기 위한 최우선 과제에 대한 인식 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으며(p<.05), 남학생과 여학생 모두 왼손잡이 학우가 생활에 불편하지 않도록 배려하는 것이 바람직한 사회의 태도라고 인식하고 있었고, 생활도구, 학습기구 등의 생산이 최우선 과제라고 인식하고 있었다. 왼손잡이학우가 어려움을 겪거나 겪을 것으로 생각되는 교과는 체육, 음악, 실과, 미술, 컴퓨터 등 실습교과에 대한 응답이 높았고, 성별에 따른 인식의 차이는 과학 교과(p<.01), 미술 교과(p<.001), 실과 교과(p<.05)에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 모두 여학생들이 남학생들보다 어려움을 더 많이 겪을 것이라 생각하였다.

As a basic study for the education according to the handedness of elementary school teachers and elementary school students, we studied the perception of the handedness of the preliminary elementary school teachers. The preliminary elementary school teachers thought that self-made handedness, ambidexters, right-handedness, left-handedness were the preferred handedness in that order. In addition, the left-handed student's life is uncomfortable and when left-handed classmates became teachers, they did not feel the need to worry about left-handedness and the need to correct with right-handedness. And they thought it difficult to practice right-handed exercises for demonstration in class. In addition, they preferred a more friendly attitude toward left-handedness and the highest priority for accepting equal right-handedness was the demand for change in utility and perception in life. The results of Kang(1994) showed that the desirable attitudes of the society toward left-handed students were almost the same when the most desirable handedness, left-handed student life and left-handed student were teachers. However, the necessity of right-handed correction of left-handed students and attitudes of society showed opposite results. Looking at the left-handed classmates awareness of the preliminary elementary school teachers by gender, it showed that female students had more to worry about than male students when the teacher left-handed one, felt the need to correct a right-handed students(p<.05). The difference of perception of preliminary elementary school teachers according to handhold group was that they were more uncomfortable in the right-handed group than in the left-handed group (p<.01) and Left-handed group and right-handed group showed more necessity of correction than both handed group (p<.05). There was a statistically significant difference (p<.05) in perception of desirable social attitudes toward left-handed students, and perceptions of the priority task to equate left-handed students with right-handed students. And, it was recognized that it is desirable for society to consider not to be inconvenienced by left-handed classmates in both male students and female students and production of living tools and learning apparatuses was recognized as a top priority. The subjects that are thought to suffer or suffer from left-handed classmates were highly responsive to practical subjects such as physical education, music, art, practical art education and computer. There was a statistically significant difference in perception of science(p<.01), art(p<.001) and practical arts education subjects (p<.05), and it was thought that female students would have more difficulties than the male students.

본 논고는 ‘미(味)’에 관한 개념과 의미를 조사하고 미(味)에 대한 미학적 전환과 미(味)의 심미성 그리고 결론으로 구성된다. ‘미(味)’는 맛이라는 생리적 쾌감이 만물의 본질에 대한 신비로운 정신체험으로 전이되는 것이다. 따라서 미(味)는 미각적(味覺的) 미체험(美體驗)을 의미한다. 즉 ‘미(味)’는 생리적 감관작용에서 출발하여 윤리범주에서 점차 철학범주에 들게 된 용어로 미각(味覺)과 미감(美感)이 상통하는 용어이다. 노자는 ‘무미(無味)’로 미(味)의 심미적 기준을 제시하였다. 그리고 이후 유협의 운미(韻味), 종영의 자미(滋味), 사공도의 미외지미(味外之味), 종병의 징회미상(澄懷味象)등의 체현(體現)적 방식에 이른다. 그러므로 미(味)는 체현적 삶을 바탕으로 드러난 예술작품에 주안점을 두게 되는데 사공도의 시(詩)에 나타난 미외미(味外味)의 여운(餘韻)과 석도(石濤)의 일획(一劃)을 바탕으로 한 산수화, 팔대산인의 문인화가 미(味)의 심미적 체현이 잘 드러난 작품이다. 미(味)의 심미에 따른 회화는 단순히 바라보고 표현하는 이원론적 인과(因果)로부터 벗어나게 된다. 따라서 마음을 비워 올바르게 바라보고 체득하는 정신적인 본질을 자각할 수 있는 것이다. 그림을 통한 자신의 모습을 관조할 수 있는 것이 바로 미(味)의 심미라고 할 수 있겠다.

This paper investigate the concept and the meaning about ‘perception(味)’. It is composed of aesthetic diversion concerning perception, aesthetic impression of perception, and conclusion. ‘Perception(味)’ is a mysterious spiritual experience of the essence of life achieved by the sense of taste. The founding philosopher of Taoism, Lao-tzu, presented ‘without tasting’ or simplicity as the standard of the beauty. Many Chinese scholars and critics, such as Liu Xie(flavor), Zhong Rong(savor), Sikong Tu(taste beyond taste), and Zong Bing(Appreciating Images with a Pure Mind) emphasized the importance of appreciating the beauty of the world by embodying in them the spirit of the universe. They endeavored to experience transcendental beauty beyond the capacity of perception by clearing their minds in order to achieve true enlightenment. Sikong Tu’s poetry, Shi Tao’s landscape paintings, and Bada Shanren’s paintings inscribed with poetry are great works of art because they embody spiritual values. Artists make works of art to express their ways of seeing, feeling, and understanding objects in their own visual language. Not simply following artistic trends or pursuing new forms of art, artists strive to discover the meaning of harmony between nature and human beings, so that they can coexist peacefully. Artists should begin work by trying to empty their minds and by not adhering to oversimplified conceptualizations, caring only about cause and effect. They should follow the flow of the universe and attempt to return to where they started through careful observation of objects and realization of their true selves in the essence of their minds.