Earticle

With drastic shift of traditional concept of Text-Linguistics, the ecological functionalist approach designed by Robert T. Alain de Beaugrande (1997) is taking up more significant role in Text-Science as well as in Translation- Studies. In this paper we outline an inter-disciplinary framework of a Functionalist Program for Translation Studies, on the basis of Text-Science, Constructivist epistemology and Astronomy of Johannes Kepler (the Laws of planetary motion). In this model, we deal with the material and data fields of Text in the sense of de Beaugrande, looking into its logical demand for modelling for Translatory Acts (Translatorisches Handeln). This descriptive apparatus should include, for example, the perspectives of Skopos-theory (H. Vermeer/K. Reiss) and the Prototypology (M. Snell-Hornby) applied to translatory act-theory (J. Holz-Mänttäri). These syncretisms in the research of Translation-Science, which are becoming increasingly obvious in the era of Interdisciplinarity, are to be systematically described and explained by the equally syncretic discipline of a meta-theory which reformulates the relevant contributions from related disciplines and connects them into a Functionalist Program for Translation Studies.

In the current smart device-based information environment, information utilization is closely related to social capital. Additionally, the smart divide that occurs owing to the differences in use of smart devices has a significant influence on social capital. In this respect, this research empirically analyzed how the smart divide affects social capital construction. The study found that the level of and proficiency in using smart devices and diversity of the information formats used through smart devices affect social capital construction. Further, people who fully utilize smart devices can enhance their participation in social activities, social networks, and reciprocal activities, leading people to construct social capital in a wider range. Contrarily, those who are unable to use smart devices adequately may be disadvantaged in terms of the opportunity to construct social capital and share public interests. Thus, to maximize the intrinsic value of social capital, it is necessary to consider the factors of the smart divide as a complicated and multi-faceted digital divide and the ways to utilize social capital as a driving force for integrating society, and not as a mechanism for dividing members of society.

Researchers have been debating over the relative merits of two research designs in conducting research： quantitative and qualitative research. The purpose of this paper is to present the conceptual basis and methods of qualitative research to educational researchers by introducing four qualitative studies which were conducted to investigate the students＇ language learning in naturalistic settings (i.e., Brock, 1997；Gilles, 1991； Kuhlman, 1995； Marriage, 1996). In those four qualitative studies, naturalistic qualitative research methodology allowed the researchers to recognize the nature and quality of the group or the child investigated, or the class in their interactions or conversations as student(s) was were engaged in learning language skills； listening speaking, reading and writing in the classroom. Therefore, a closer look at dynamics of class and speech community while teaching and learning the English language in the practical classroom would be helpful to enhance instructional guidelines for the development of English language proficiency.

For decades, the Western paradigm of English language teaching has occupied a prestigious position in Asia. It is now generally recognized, however, that the varieties as well as the uses of English differ from place to place. Furthermore, language teaching and learning is affected by a host of factors ranging from the macro political and cultural environments of a country or region to the micro perceptions and practices of individual teachers or learners, which calls for different methodologies for different learners or learning situations. By taking a close look at all the local features that affect the choice of the varieties of English to be learned, the content of learning and the approaches to teaching and learning in the Asian context, this article attempts to reveal limitations in the established theories and practices in English language teaching. It calls for a paradigm shift within the Asian region that is responsive not only to indigenous traditions of language learning but also to the increasing use of English as a language of contact between non-native speakers across national boundaries while at the same time continuing to welcome the theories and practices of English language teaching from outside the region.

A ‘paradigm shift,’ firstly introduced by Thomas Kuhn in 1962, is a widely known concept that when a leading scientific paradigm (normal science) is no longer able to explain new phenomena, a new paradigm arises to replace the old perspective. Theology also experiences a similar shift. Since any theology develops in communication with the spirit of the age, culture, and ultimate concerns in life, theology continuously changes as the times change, and especially when revelation as the source of theology is newly given or a new way of interpreting it is risen, theology goes through a big change that might well be called a theological paradigm shift. ‘The Holy Community of Heavenly Parent’ (otherwise known as the Unification Church) has been experiencing huge changes. The founder Rev. Dr. Sun Myung Moon passed away in 2012 and the co-founder and his wife Dr. Hak-Ja Han Moon has recently led the entire community. Before Rev. Moon passed on, Unification theology had mainly been formed by his words, but ever since the co-founder Dr. Han’s words have been highlighted as the new revelation for theology. This means not only that the revelation as the source of the Unification theology is newly given, but also that a theological context that influences ways of interpreting the words is changing from ‘the only begotten son’ centeredness to ‘the only begotten daughter’ centeredness. Dr. Han’s proclaiming herself to be the only begotten daughter acted importantly in this process. This paper aims to grasp a theological paradigm shift centered on the proclamation of the only begotten daughter and to reveal its meanings. By analyzing some differences between the only begotten son-centered theology to the only begotten daughter-centered theology. this paper tries to provide a complementary point of view to understand where and how the Unification theology evolves.

This article is based on wish for new future that we can be appreciated by future generations for overcoming numerous challenges and crises that the global village is facing due to COVID-19. The exploration of multicultural education’s paradigm shift is discussed in two categories. The first category is to research the prerequisites for investigation of new multicultural education paradigm. Here, five prerequisites(overcoming immediate challenges of the global village, good finality, optimum field operation tool, high quality intellectual and democratic citizen education, practical and qualitative outcome creation) are discussed. Another category is to explore the goals and tasks of better multicultural education’s paradigm. The discussion here is divided into everyone’s better dignity and prosperity, high quality operation of diversity and systematization of field-friendly social intelligence, and more faithful operation of school multicultural education and more thorough partnership cooperation.

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명기 정부 비상대비정책이 주요 정보통신기술과 융합하여 지능화할 것을 제언 한 것이다. 한국과 주요 국가들이 4차 산업혁명과 관련하여 추진하는 주요 정책을 살펴보면서 정부 비상대비정책의 혁신적 전환을 모색하였다. 정부 기관들이 동일한 플랫폼에서 인공지능과 빅데이터 를 활용한 상황분석을 통한 의사결정, 사물인터넷과 무인자율체계를 활용한 동원자원의 효율적 관 리와 수송, 가상현실과 증강현실을 활용한 교육훈련, 클라우드 컴퓨팅에 의한 정보체계의 통합운용 과 데이터의 공유 등으로 정부 비상대비정책의 패러다임 전환의 전망과 대응 방안을 고찰하였다.

This study suggested that the government’s emergency preparedness policy during the fourth industrial revolution should become more intelligent by being integrated with major information and communication technologies. This study sought to make an innovative shift in the government’s emergency preparedness policy by reviewing major policies in connection with the fourth industrial revolution in South Korea and other major countries. The prospects for a paradigm shift in the government’s emergency preparedness policy include decision-making by artificial intelligence and big data on the same platform, efficient management and transport of mobilized resources via IoT (Internet of Things) and unmanned self-regulation systems, training using virtual reality and augmented reality, and sharing data with integrated management of the information system by cloud computing.

Urban infrastructure has historically operated as a primary engine of economic growth, facilitating rapid urban expansion while systematically externalizing ecological costs. This paper advances the concept of the Green and Blue Shift, a paradigm-level reorientation of infrastructural logics that positions ecological processes not as peripheral or ornamental, but as the foundational substrate of urban life. Rather than relegating nature to an aesthetic supplement, the Green and Blue Shift reconceptualizes infrastructure as a dynamic, living ecological system in which green (vegetated) and blue (water-based) networks constitute the structural and metabolic basis of urban environments. Drawing upon urban ecology, landscape urbanism, and theories of urban metabolism, the paper introduces the notion of Supernature as a theoretical lens through which cities may be understood as hybrid socio-ecological systems. This framing challenges the entrenched dichotomy between the built and the natural, arguing instead for their co-constitutive integration. Through historical analysis, conceptual synthesis, and engagement with applied research evidence, the paper contends that contemporary ecological crises—climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion—demand a fundamental transformation of infrastructural paradigms. This transition must shift from linear, extractive systems premised on throughput and accumulation, toward regenerative, networked frameworks that prioritize resilience, reciprocity, and ecological continuity. In doing so, the paper contributes a conceptual foundation for ecological urbanism, situating it within broader debates on sustainability and post-anthropocentric design while critically interrogating the normative assumptions that have historically underpinned infrastructural development. Furthermore, the study explicitly positions itself as a bridge between theoretical critique and design-oriented application. While acknowledging the limitations of a literature-based conceptual study, it establishes a theoretical basis and proposes concrete directions for future empirical, methodological, and practice-oriented research. Ultimately, by foregrounding ecological processes as infrastructural logics, the Green and Blue Shift reframes urbanization itself as an ecological project, thereby opening new pathways for reimagining the relationship between cities, nature, and planetary systems.

한국은 2025년 65세 이상 인구가 전체의 21.21%를 기록하며 초고령사회에 진입하였다. 2026년 3월 27일 시행된「의료‧요양 등 지역 돌 봄의 통합지원에 관한 법률」(이하 돌봄통합지원법)은 파편화된 시설 중심 돌봄 체계를 지역사회 중심으로 전환하는 법적 토대를 마련하였다. 그러나 기존 정책 논의는 행정적‧재정적 측면에 치우쳐 있으며, 돌봄의 근본적 가치와 철학에 대한 성찰이 부족하다. 본 연구는 플로렌스 나이팅게일(Florence Nightingale)의 환경이론, 진 왓슨(Jean Watson)의 인간 돌봄이론, 마사 로저스(Martha Rogers)의 고유인간과학을 이론적 토대로 삼아, 홀리스틱 돌봄 철학이 한국 통합돌봄 정책에 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지를 탐구한다. 이를 위해 체계적 문헌 고찰과 함께 덴마크, 스웨덴, 영국, 일본의 사례와 국내 시범 사업 성과를 비교 분석하여, 홀리스틱(全人的) 관점의 정책 제언을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 통합돌봄이 단순한 서비스 통합을 넘어 인간 존엄성과 전인적 안녕을 회복하는 사회적 투자임을 역설한다.

South Korea officially entered asuper-aged society in 2025, with 21.21% of its population aged 65 and older. The Integrated Community Care Support Act, effective March 27, 2026, provides thel egal foundation for transitioning from a fragmented, facility-centered care system to a community-based model. However, existing policy discourse has disproportionately focused on administrative and financial dimensions, neglecting a critical examination of the fundamental values and philosophy of care. Grounded in Florence Nightingale's environmental theory, Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring, and Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings, this study explores how holistic care philosophy can inform Korean integrated care policy. Through comparative analysis of Denmark, Sweden, United Kingdom, and Japan, alongside domestic pilot program outcomes, five holistic policy recommendations are proposed. This study argues that integrated care mustbe reconceived not merely as service coordination, but as a societal investment in restoring human dignity and whole-person well-being.

본 논문의 목적은 AI 시대 일본어 교육의 패러다임 전환을 이론적으로 분석하고, 한국･일본･대만의 지역별 현황을 비교 분석하며, 향후 실천적 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 제1장(서론)에서는 현재 일본어 교육 현장이 직면한 근본적 문제—기술 활용은 급속하 게 이루어지고 있으나 교육의 본질 재정의는 미흡한 상황을 제기한다. 특히 ChatGPT 시대에 학습자가 문화적으로 적절한 표현을 판단할 수 있는 능력의 부재를 강조하며, 새로운 연구방향으로 AI–매개 문화 리터러시 발달 교육학의 개념을 도입한다. 제2장(선행연구의 한계와 AI 시대의 과제)에서는 기존 선행연구의 네 가지 근본적 한계—단기 효과 검증의 편중, 교사 전문성 개발의 공백, 문화 맥락의 부재, 평가 방법론의 한계—를 도출한다. 이를 바탕으로 AI 시대 일본어 교육의 네 가지 핵심 과제(이론–실천 통합, 문화 맥락 체계화, 평가 패러다임 전환, 교사 전문성 개발)를 제시한다. 제3장(지역 비교분석)에서는 일본(문부과학성 가이드라인과 岩手大学 DX.E 프로그 램), 한국(대학 현장사례), 대만(淡江大学의 메타버스 통합)의 현황을 분석한다. 세 지역 의 공통과제 즉, 교사 수용도는 높지만 교수법 혁신은 뒤쳐져 있으며, 장기적 지속 가능성 이 미검증이라는 한계를 도출한다. 제4장(결론)에서는 본 논문이 제시하는 AI–매개 문화 리터러시 발달 교육학과 삼각형 협력 모델을 통해 단기･중기･장기의 실천 과제를 구체화한다. 결론적으로 AI는 교사를 대체하지 않으며, 인간 교사와 학습자의 고차 역량 발달을 위해 저차 작업을 담당하는 파트너가 되어야 함을 강조한다.

This study examines the paradigm shift in Japanese language education in the AI(Artificial Intelligence) era through a qualitative comparative analysis of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, focusing on cultural literacy and metalinguistic judgment in honorific usage. First, it identifies a structural gap shared by these regions: while generative AI adoption has rapidly advanced in practice and policy, it has not been matched by the pedagogical reconfigurations required to genuinely support higher-order cultural literacy. Second, the comparison elucidates how Japan’s institutional leadership, Korea’s field-centered experimentation, and Taiwan’s philosophical instructional design represent distinct strengths with complementary limitations, indicating the necessity of an integrated framework. Third, the findings underscore the inadequacy of conventional satisfaction-based evaluations, demonstrating their inability to capture learners’ capacity for culturally appropriate judgment and critical negotiation of meaning. Building on these results, the paper proposes an “AI-Mediated Cultural Literacy Development Pedagogy” that redistributes educational roles: AI functions as a partner for lower-order linguistic processing, teachers act as mediators of cultural interpretation, and learners develop the metalinguistic and metacognitive competencies necessary for critical engagement with AI outputs.

한국의 민간투자사업(PPP)은 1994년 ｢사회간접자본시설에대한민간자본유치촉진법」제정 이후 30년간 누적 872개 사업, 총 142조원 규모로 성장하며 국가 인프라 확충에 기여했다. 그러나 현행 분쟁해결 메커니즘은 심각한 구조적 딜레마에 직면해 있다. 법원 소송은 전문성 부족과 심리 장기화 문제를, 외국중재기구를 통한 국제중재는 용인경전철 ICC 사례에서 보듯 법률대리인 비용만 99억원 이상의 고비용 구조를, 민간투자사업분쟁조정위원회는 최근 3년간 출석회의 2회, 예산 0원으로 사실상 기능 정지 상태를 보인다. 본 연구는 용인경전철(ICC)과 광주순환도로(KCAB) 사례를 정량·정성 비교하여 국내 중재의 우월성을 실증하고, 표준실시협약 제76조 전면 개정을 통한 전속적 대한상사중 재원 중재 도입, Arb-Med-Arb 구조를 통한 화해중재판정 활용, 고액사건 중재인 보수 현실화, 민간투자 전문 중재인 풀 육성 등의 정책 방안을 제안한다.

Since the enactment of the Act on Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure in 1994, Korea’s PPP projects have experienced explosive growth over 30 years, encompassing 872 projects with a cumulative investment of 142 trillion KRW. However, the current dispute resolution mechanisms confront a profound structural trilemma: court litigation suffers from insufficient expertise and prolonged proceedings; foreign-led international arbitration exemplifies exorbitant costs as seen in the Yongin Light Rail ICC case (legal fees exceeding 9.9 billion KRW); and the PPP Dispute Adjustment Committee has been effectively defunct with only two meetings and zero budget in the past three years. This study empirically demonstrates the superiority of domestic arbitration through a rigorous comparison of the Yongin Light Rail (ICC) versus Gwangju Ring Road (KCAB) cases. From a policy perspective, the study proposes a comprehensive overhaul of Standard Implementation Agreement Article 76: introduction of mandatory exclusive KCAB arbitration clauses, adoption of an Arb-Med-Arb framework, hourly remuneration for high-value cases, and cultivation of a specialized PPP arbitrator pool.

This study investigates the changes in factors influencing aircraft utilization based on aircraft types during the pandemic period. The analysis categorizes the periods into three phases: pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and post-pandemic, while the aircraft types are classified into two groups (C-class and E-class or higher). Utilizing SHAP and Random Forest methodologies, the study analyzes the importance of various factors for each group and examines the significance of differences in importance across the specified periods and aircraft types through group difference testing. The findings reveal that for C-class aircraft, the importance of the USD/KRW exchange rate and the lagging composite index was notably high before the pandemic. However, during the pandemic, there was a substantial surge in the significance of the JPY/KRW exchange rate, and post-pandemic, the importance of economic indicators increased. E-class or higher aircraft exhibited a similar trend, with a significant rise in the importance of the CNY/KRW exchange rate observed after the pandemic. The Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed that most average changes among the groups were not statistically significant, except for the C-class aircraft in the Random Forest analysis. This indicates that there were no substantial changes in the underlying factors between the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods, suggesting that the impact of the pandemic on airline fleet utilization extends beyond short-term changes. Furthermore, the findings highlight the need for airlines to enhance their sensitivity to external environments and develop utilization strategies in volatile markets. Additionally, there is a possibility that long-term dependency on network strategies may become more pronounced than reliance on external factors like the pandemic. By providing an in-depth analysis of the pandemic's impact on aircraft utilization, this study contributes to the formulation of effective utilization strategies for airlines navigating an uncertain economic environment.

최근에 고시된 2022 개정 체육과 교육과정은 과거와 달리 신체활동 형식 중심의 내용 체계를 구축하고 다양한 신체활동의 목적을 달성하는 데 중요한 매체가 되는 신체의 움직임을 체육과의 핵심 내용으로 자리 배치하는 동 시에 그러한 움직임 수행 역량을 길러 주는 것을 체육과의 본질적인 역할이자 성격으로 규정하고 있다. 이 연구 의 목적은 새로운 교육과정에서 제시한 기본 움직임 기술(Fundamental Movement Skill; FMS)을 중심으로 한 초등 체육교육을 이해하는 데 도움을 주는 기초 자료를 제공하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 이 연구에서는 우선 FMS 를 고려하는 움직임 교육이 학문적 및 교육적 영역에서 어떻게 전개되었는지를 살펴보고, 이어서 2022 개정 체 육과 교육과정에서 FMS가 어떻게 제시되고 있는지를 탐색하였다. 이에 더하여 FMS에 기반한 초등 체육교육의 이해와 실천에 관해 체육교육 학계에서 논의되고 있는 몇 가지 이슈들을 정리하였다.

The recently announced 2022 revised physical education curriculum, unlike the past, establishes a content system centered on physical activity forms and positions physical movements, which are important media for achieving the goals of various physical activities, as the core content of physical education, while stipulating that fostering the ability to perform such movements is the essential role and character of physical education. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data that will help understand elementary physical education centered on the fundamental movement skills(FMS) presented in the new curriculum. To this end, this study first examined how movement education considering FMS has been developed in academic and educational fields, and then explored how FMS is presented in the 2022 revised physical education curriculum document. In addition, several issues discussed in the academic community of physical education regarding the understanding and practice of elementary physical education based on FMS were organized.

본 연구는 코리아국제중고등학교의 사례를 중심으로 재일코리안 민족교육의 패러다임이 변화하고 있는 현황을 살펴보고 이러한 변화의 저변에 있는 교육적 수요에 대해 분석한다. 재일코리안 민족학교의 역사적 전개에서는 내셔널리즘의 영향이 존재해 왔으며 이는 분리주 의적 학교 환경의 형성에 영향을 미쳤다. 2008년 설립된 코리아국제중고등학교는 재일코리안 교육에서 내셔널리즘의 영향을 극복하고 트랜스내셔널리즘에 기반한 교육을 실현하기 위해 설립되었다. 본 연구는 재일코리안 민족교육의 최대 학교군인 조선학교를 졸업하고 이후 코 리아국제중고등학교에서 수학한 젊은 세대 재일코리안 3인의 구술사를 통해, 이들이 재일코 리안으로서의 에스닉 정체성과 동시에 일본사회 구성원으로서의 정체성을 지향하고 있으며 이러한 인식이 조선학교에서 코리아국제중고등학교로 학교를 전환하는 선택으로 이어졌음을 고찰한다. 본 연구를 통해서는 민족교육 패러다임의 변화의 저변에 존재하는 인식의 특징을 확인할 수 있다.

This paper explores the change of educational paradigm of Zainichi Korean education in Japan with the example of Korea International School (KIS). In the history of ethnic minority schooling for Zainich Koreans, it is noticeable that nationalism had influenced their curriculum. To overcome nationalistic ideas in the education of ethnic schools, KIS was established in 2008 based on the idea of transnationalism. This paper explores the experiences of three students who started their education in a Chōsen school, which is the biggest group of the Zainichi Korean school, and then transferred to KIS. This paper examines interviewees’ educational desire in their choice of changing schools. Their identity as a Korean ethnic minority and also as a member of Japanese society could not be fully explored in a Chōsen school. Through this analysis, this paper shows one of the underlying reasons for the change of educational paradigm of the Zainichi Korean school.

이 연구의 목적은 현재 혼재되어 사용되고 있는 식생활교육과 영양교육의 개념을 비교 분석해 보 고 향후 바람직한 식생활교육 또는 영양교육의 개념정립과 방향을 탐색해 보는데 있다. 이를 위해 국내 관련 법, 학술단체 정관, 국내외 논문 등에서 정의하고 있는 두 가지 개념을 문헌과 웹사이트 검색을 통해 비교·분석해 보고, 현직 교사 및 교수 대상 개별면담을 실시하여 인식을 조사하였다. 위 결과에 근거하여 현재 두 개념 사용에 대한 문제점을 진단하고 앞으로의 방향을 제시하였다. 먼저 국내에서의 식생활교육과 영양교육의 개념은 법, 학술단체, 그리고 교육자들 사이에서도 정확히 정의되지 못한 채, 1) 식생활교육이 영양교육을 포괄하거나, 2) 영양교육이 식생활교육을 포괄하거나, 3) 공통분모를 가진 다른 개념으로, 또는 4) 교육영역이 구분되는 등 다양한 방식으 로 인식되어 사용되는 문제점을 드러내었다. 둘째, 해외에서는 간혹 식품교육이라는 용어가 사용되 었으나 대부분 영양교육으로 통일되어 사용되고 있었으며, 우리나라의 식생활교육 영역을 포괄하고 있었다. 셋째, 근래 세계적인 영양교육의 추이는 시대적 요구에 따라 푸드시스템과 지속가능성을 근간으로 영양학의 틀을 생물학적 또는 예방적 과학에서 벗어나 다학제적이며 통합적인 접근을 강 조하고 있다. 교육적 측면에서도 기존의 영양소에 대한 이해와 균형 잡힌 식사, 그리고 자신의 식 생활관리 측면에서 한 단계 확장하여 자신의 식생활이 환경, 사회, 경제에 미치는 영향을 고려한 지속가능한 식생활교육을 강조하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 국내 식품영양학, 식생활교육 자 등 관련 전문가들의 지속가능한 식생활 및 식생활교육에 대한 이해와 공감대가 형성되어, 이를 바탕으로 향후 지속가능한 식생활교육으로 개념을 전환해 나갈 것을 제안한다.

The purposes of this study were to investigate and compare the concepts of ‘dietary education’ and ‘nutrition education’ being used in confusion and to pursue a desirable way to define the concept for the future. For these purposes, the related laws, articles of academic societies, foreign articles were reviewed, and interviews were performed with the 12 teachers in elementary schools and 3 professors teaching in colleges to obtain their concepts on dietary education and nutrition education. Based on above results, current situation could be diagnosed and new direction of dietary education was suggested. First, the concepts on ‘dietary education’ and ‘nutrition education’ were being used in confusion in domestic laws, articles of academic societies, and were recognized in various ways among the interviewee, without common definition on them. The utilization of the concepts could be categorized into 4 groups of that 1) dietary education includes nutrition education, 2) nutrition education includes dietary education, 3) dietary education and nutrition education have common area, but different in concept, 4) each education has distinct area to teach. Second, ‘nutrition education’ was mostly used in advanced countries without a couple of cases using the term of ‘food education’. Also, nutrition education appeared to include the concept of both dietary education and nutrition education in Korea. Third, recent trend of nutrition worldwide was that the paradigm shift is being made from the biological or preventative science for health to multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach based on the concept of food system and sustainability, therefore, nutrition education also is being shifted from the understanding nutrients in food, balanced diet and sound dietary management to sustainable dietary education in which the influence of their dietary behaviors on environment, society and economy is considered comprehensively. Considering the above results and current trend worldwide, the educational concept needs to be shifted from nutrition education or dietary education toward sustainable dietary education. Obviously, understanding of and consensus on the concept of sustainable dietary education should be preceded among the professionals in dietary or nutrition education in Korea

공중관계인 PR는 전략적으로 널리 알리는 홍보와 다르다 . 그래서 전략은 PR와 맞지 않는다 . 2차대전 후 전쟁을 하던 군인들이 비즈니스를 하게 되면서 전략이라는 용어가 쓰이게 되었다 . PR철학 차원에서 PR는 싸움에서 이겨 남의 것을 빼앗으려는 전략을 세워서 하기보다 장기적 관점에서 아이디어를 얻는 기획부터 해야 한다 . PR전략이 아니라PR기획이 PR와 어울릴 수 있다 . PR에서 전략을 대체할 있는 토대개념은 기획이다 . 전략이 아니라 기획을 PR의 토대개념으로 삼으면 기존의 것들과 다른 토대개념들이 마련된다 . 기획과 함께 공중 , 관계 , 그물망 , 조화 , 진정함 , 지속가능성 , 공감 , 상호소통 , 순리 등10개다. 이러한 필자의 생각에 대해 비현실적이며 이상적이다 , 공허하다 , 원론적이다는 물음을 던질 수 있다 . 하지만 싸워서 이기려는 전략적 사고에서 벗어나 PR의 기본정신인 관계철학으로 돌아가 멀리 크게 넓게 보면 오히려 현실적이며 실제적이고 온전한 생각일수 있다.

Public Relations are dissimilar with publicity, and are very different from strategic publicity. Briefly speaking strategy does not fit to PR. After 2nd World War lots of soldiers had jobs in profit-making private companies and the word of strategy became general term at any time at any place. Strategy took possession at PR as if strategy invaded PR. But PR might be accomplished not by fighting strategy but perspective planning. The strategy is to win in the fight and deprive others, but planning is to stop to think still and to see further and draw big idea. PR planning is more harmonious than PR strategy. We may substitute strategy by planning. And planning may become primitive term of PR. If we take planning as the primitive term we can arrange another new primitive terms of PR. They are public, relations, net, harmony, authenticity, sustainability, sympathy, interaction, nature. Many people could have questions because my opinion is regarded as being too ideal, hollow, theoretical. But from the far, big and wide viewpoints these my recommendations are rather real, pratical and sound thoughts.