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Purpose: The purposes of this research were to study the validity of the National Examination based on smart based test(SBT) by 7 types of healthcare occupation. Methods: We conducted a questionnaires survey among 1,219 people including 210 professors for all 7 types of healthcare occupation and 573 clinical specialists ; 436 students from random sampling participated and the reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Professors from 7 types of healthcare occupation were investigated for their opinions on the introduction of the SBT system ; 65.9% of the professors answered positively on the introduction of the SBT National Examination System, while 40.1% of the clinical experts answered likewise. In particular, professors and the clinical experts recognized altogether that the multimedia questionnaire, being effective for the evaluation of clinical and practical competence of the subjects, enabling the evaluation of various areas and strengthening the school education in clinical practices, the 42.0% of the students from 7 departments answered that the future direction of the national test is in the SBT test system with significant difference (p=.000) found in students majoring in order of Emergency Medical Services, Radiology and Physical therapy, compared to students from other majors, showing the positive response to the SBT system. Conclusion: The results of this study comprehensively evaluated the positive recognition of development of multimedia items and SBT system in national examination of 7 types of healthcare occupation in professors, field specialists and students.

본 논문은 외국의 중재기관이 중국을 중재지로 하여 중재를 진행하기로 약정한 중재합의의 유효성과 관련하여 현행 중국 중재법의 규정을 적용하면 어떤 문제점이 있는지 확인하고, 이 와 관련한 사례에서 중국 법원은 어떠한 판결을 내렸는지 확인하였다. 이와 같은 사항들에 대 한 확인 및 분석을 통해 우리나라 기업 또는 투자자가 중국을 중재지로 하고 우리나라 중재기 관을 포함한 중국 이외의 중재기관을 이용하는 중재합의를 약정하는 경우에 실무적으로 유의 해야할 사항을 정리하였다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 중국의 중재법 및 중재법초안 에 규정된 외국 중재기관이 중국을 중재지로 하는 것과 관련한 규정 내용과 외국 중재기관이 중국을 중재지로 하는 것과 관련한 중국 법원의 사례를 수집하여 분석하였다. 이러한 연구 결 과 중국 법원은 관련 사건에서 외국 중재기관이 중국을 중재지로 하는 중재합의에 대해 중국 의 중재관련 법률 규정을 적극적으로 적용하여 이를 무효로 인정하지 않고 외국 중재기관을 중국 중재법에 규정된 중재기관으로 인정하여 유효한 것으로 판결하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었 다. 그리고 우리나라 당사자가 중국 당사자와 중국 이외의 중재기관을 이용하고 중국을 중재 지로 하는 중재합의를 약정하고자 하는 경우에 유의하여야 할 사항을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중재합의 준거법을 중재기관이 소속된 국가의 법률로 약정한다. 둘째, 홍콩을 중재지로 고려할 수 있다.

Purpose : This study examines the legal implications and practical challenges associated with arbitration agreements that stipulate China as the seat of arbitration while designating a foreign arbitral institution. In light of the current Chinese Arbitration Law, the paper explores potential legal uncertainties and analyzes how Chinese courts have interpreted such agreements. Drawing on recent judicial decisions, the study aims to provide practical guidance for Korean enterprises and investors who intend to enter into arbitration agreements involving non-Chinese arbitral institutions—including Korean institutions—while selecting China as the arbitral seat. Research design, data, methodology : The research adopts a doctrinal and case-based approach. It analyzes the relevant provisions of the Chinese Arbitration Law and its draft amendments concerning the conduct of arbitration by foreign arbitral institutions within China. In addition, it reviews key Chinese court decisions to assess how such agreements have been treated in practice. Results : Chinese courts have demonstrated a progressive interpretation of arbitration-related provisions by recognizing the validity of arbitration agreements that designate foreign arbitral institutions to conduct proceedings in China. Rather than declaring such agreements invalid, the courts have acknowledged foreign institutions as legitimate arbitral bodies under Chinese arbitration law. Conclusions : For Korean parties entering into arbitration agreements with Chinese counterparts that designate China as the seat of arbitration and appoint a foreign arbitral institution, the following considerations are essential: First, the governing law of the arbitration agreement should be expressly stipulated as the law of the jurisdiction in which the arbitral institution is located. Second, Hong Kong may be considered as an alternative seat of arbitration to mitigate legal uncertainty and enhance enforceability.

2019 is the 120th birth anniversary of Lao She (1899-1966), a famous Chinese contemporary novelist and dramatist. He was one of the most significant figures of 20th-century Chinese literature, and best known for his novel Rickshaw Boy and other works. With a dozen teaching-material samples, this paper aims to review the narrative element in the English translation version of Camel Xiangzi—A Beijing Opera (Chinese script by Zhong Wennong, English rendition by Chen Rong) in terms of “story” and “discourse analysis”, and to expose the technical details behind, with proper attention to literary facts concerned with Lao She’s original novel version and madame Zhong’s own Chinese script version in particular. Based on the assumption that the order in story is fixed even if the discourse presents a different order, the main text focuses on three sections: A. narrative structuring, B. characters as narrators in story-events weaving, C. Beijing opera aria-singing and its counterparts, in order to analyze opera narrative as an independent system--this play, the continuum of events presupposing the total set of all conceivable events revolving around the hero Xiangzi (i.e.how his-storia of the rickshaw-puller becomes history)--with an eye to pay due respect to glocal (local +global) dissemination efforts at homeland audience as well as overseas readership.

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 교사들의 수학적 신념 측정도구를 개발하는 것이다. 초등학 교 교사 299명의 수학적 신념을 30문항을 통해 분석하였다: 수학에 대한 신념 12 문항, 수 학 교수에 관한 신념 18 문항. 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 (n = 149) 수학적 신념의 요인 구 조를 탐색하였다. 또한 확인적 요인분석을 통해 (n = 150) 서로 다른 세 모델의 요인 구조 를 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과 14개 문항으로 구성된 네 개의 요인 구조가 데이타를 가 장 잘 설명하는 것으로 나타났다: 전달적 수학관(transmissive view of mathematics), 구성 주의적 수학관(constructivist view of mathematics), 전달적 수학 교수관(transmissive view of teaching and learning), 구성주의적 수학 교수관(constructivist view of teaching and learning). 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 개발된 측정도구가 초등학교 교사의 수학적 신념을 측정하기 위한 타당성과 신뢰성을 갖춘 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 본 연구의 시사점을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a scale of Korean elementary teachers’ mathematics beliefs. We examined 299 elementary teachers’ mathematical beliefs using 30 items, out of which 12 items covered beliefs about the nature of mathematics and 18 items covered beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning. In the first stage, we performed exploratory factor analysis using 149 survey data to examine the factor structure. In the second stage, we performed confirmatory factor analysis using 150 survey data. Building upon previous studies, we examined the construct validity of three different models to find the best factor structure. The study results indicate that the four-factor model with 14 items provides the best fit for the data: transmissive view of mathematics, constructivist view of mathematics, transmissive view of teaching and learning, and constructivist view of teaching and learning. The findings of the study reveal that each factor has adequate internal consistency and reliability. These results confirm that the beliefs scale is a reliable and valid measurement tool to measure Korean elementary teachers’ mathematical beliefs. The implications of the study are discussed.

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale that measures the morale of church members and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale. The factors constituting the morale of the church members were divided into 5 areas, and 5 sub-questions were selected in each area. Following this, reliability and exploratory factor analysis were conducted with a total of 25 questions. The four-factor model was selected as a factor analysis model, and finally, factor analysis was conducted with 21 questions. As a result of the analysis of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure, the KMO index in this sample was .919, which was suitable as a question for factor analysis, as it was found to exceed .700, the general criterion for judging appropriateness. Also, Bartlett's sphericity verification data with results p<.001 were found to be suitable for factor analysis. As a result of principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis through the Varimax right angle rotation method, a total of four factors were extracted: 1) leadership 2) vision and values 3) human relationships 4) environment. As a result of the reliability analysis using the internal consistency map, the Cronbach's α value was .945, was seen to show a high reliability level. Next, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted by referring to goodness-of-fit indices such as TLI, CFI, and RMSEA. The TLI was .891, approaching .90, and the CFI was .90 or higher. The RMSEA is .098, showing a normal fit. In addition, the lowest standardization factor load was .637, and most of them were .70 or higher. Further, it was found that each item had a statistically significant value. These results showed that the Church member morale scale consisting of the fourfactor model of these 21 items was proven to be a reliable and valid measure, suggesting that it could be used in related research in the future

The purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity of the body composition results for each impedance device and use them as primary data for body composition research. Total of 58 participants, including 24 men and 34 women, were recruited. The correlation was analyzed by measuring two repetitive measurements for each device. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) equipment was used as ref-erence equipment for body composition research. All data were ana-lyzed as IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 25.0, and the validity and reliability were estimated by calculating the timely correlation coefficient. As a result of the study, repeated measurements of the measuring instru-ment showed high reliability by gender and age, especially in the child age group, with relatively higher reliability than those in their 50s or old-er. In the validity analysis between DEXA, in the case of the male group, the validity of the fat mass amount was relatively higher than the body fat amount and body fat rate. In the case of the women’s group, the va-lidity of the body fat amount and body fat rate was relatively higher than that of the fat mass amount. The company B had the highest validity for body fat rate and body fat amount in both men and women. However, the validity for men’s fat mass amount was the lowest. In subsequent studies, it is believed that studies that have expanded the population further and studies targeting special groups such as athletes should be conducted.

본 연구는 Gibbs, Barriga, & Potter(1992)에 의해 개발된 자기 위주 인지 왜곡 척도를 한국어로 번역하고, 타당도를 확인하였다. 자기 위주 인지 왜곡 척도와 공격성 질문지, 적대적 자동적 사고 척도를 학교 1학년부터 3학년까지의 남녀학생 361명에게 실시하였다. 그 중에서 불성실 하게 답변한 설문지 등을 제외하고 최종적으로 선별된 245명을 대상으로 하여 탐색적 요인 분석을 실시한 결과, 기존의 연구에서와 같이 4개의 요인(자기중심성, 타인 비난, 축소화/잘못 된 명명, 최악 가정하기)이 추출되었으며, 설명력과 요인 간 변별력이 낮게 나타난 16개의 문 항을 제외하고 총 23개의 문항으로 척도를 재구성하였다. 또한 확인적 요인분석을 통하여 이 4요인 척도의 적합도를 검증하였다. 이 척도의 내적 합치도는 .94로 매우 높게 나타났으며, 수렴 타당도 역시 높게 나타났다. 그리고 자기 위주 인지 왜곡 척도의 의의와 유용성, 본 연 구의 제한점과 후속 연구에 대한 방향성을 제시하었다.

This study aimed to develop Korean version of How I Think Questionnaire(HIT) to measure self-serving cognitive distortion for antisocial behaviors of adolescents. To examine its validity, the Korean translation of HIT, the Aggression Questionnaire, the Hostile Automatic Thoughts scale(HAT) were administered to 361 adolescents between Grade 7 through Grade 9. Out of them, 245 adolescents became the subject for factor analysis which yielded same four factors; self-centered, blaming others, minimizing/mislableing, assuming the worst. The final version of K-HIT consisted of 23 items out of original 39 items for cognitive distortion in HIT leaving 16 items with low factor loadings. K-HIT showed high internal consistency of .94 and high convergent validity with Aggression and HAT as well. The significance and usefulness and limit and future suggestion for further research were followed.

본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 학교적응을 이해하고 예측하는 도구로서 동적학교생활 화(KSD)의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하는데 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 14세∼18세 해당하 는 중학교 1학년∼고등학교 2학년의 청소년으로 입시준비로 인해 참여가 제한적인 고 등학교 3학년을 제외한 665명의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 평정자 간 일치도 는 각 영역별로 .77에서 1.00 수준까지 나타나 평정자 일치도가 신뢰로운 값을 보인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학교적응 척도와 동적학교생활화의 상관분석 결과 활동차원, 그림특성차원, 위치·거리·장벽차원의 각 영역과 정적 및 부적상관이 있는 것으로 나타 났다. 또한, 학교적응 척도의 환경적응, 친구적응, 교사적응, 수업적응, 학교적응 총 점 수 영역에 대한 동적학교생활화 변인의 영향력을 검증하였다. 학교적응 점수에 따른 상·하 집단 간 동적학교생활화의 평가영역에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구는 청 소년의 학교적응을 예측하기 위한 유용한 도구로서 동적학교생활화의 타당성을 검증 하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to examine reliability and validity of Kinetic School Drawing (KSD) as a tool to understand and predict adolescents' school adjustment. The subjects of this study were 665 adolescents from freshmen in middle school (14-year-old) to second graders in high school (18-year-old) except for high school seniors who are limited in participation due to preparation for entrance exams. As a result of this study, inter-rater consensus was from .77 to 1.00 in each sub-areas which means inter-rater consensus was reliable enough to verity reliability. Second, the correlation analysis between School Adjustment Inventory and KSD shows that each areas of activity, drawing characteristic and position, distance, barriers are correlated positively and negatively. In addition, the influence of KSD variables on the total area of scores for school, peer, teacher, class, and school adaptation were verified. There was a significant difference in the evaluation area of KSD among upper and lower groups according to the scores of school adaptation. This study has a significant meaning in that it proved the veridity of KSD evaluation standard as a tool to predict adolescents' school adjustment.

본 연구는 좋아하는 날(Favorite Kind of Day:FKD)이 아동의 학대경험을 파악하는 진단도구로 활용할 수 있는지 그 타당성을 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 부산, 대구, 경북지역의 시설아동 295명, 일반아동 282명으로 총 577명이고, 연구도구는 학대경험척도와 FKD그림검사를 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 19.0 Program을 사용하였으며, 척도의 신뢰도 검증과 그림검사의 채점자간 일치도를 구하였다. 연구 문제와 관련하여 학대경험정도에 따라 FKD그림반응특성의 차이검증은 교차분석을, 타당성 검증을 위해서는 판별분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 학대경험정도의 신체학대, 정서학대에 따라 FKD그림반응특성은 형태요소에서 채색정도, 채색에너지, 색사용수, 공간사용도, 세부묘사, 선의질, 움직임과 날씨요소는 해 크기, 비 양, 해, 먹구름, 비, 번개 유·무, 그리고 색채요소에서는 검정을 제외한 9색에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 이들 변수들이 신체학대를 판별하는 정도는 87.2%, 정서학대를 판별하는 정도는 87.7%로 나타났다. 따라서 FKD그림은 아동의 학대경험정도를 진단하는 그림투사도구로서 타당성이 있다고 볼 수 있다.

This study was conducted to see whether the FKD technique has diagnostic validity in identifying of signs of child abuse. For the research, “favorite kind of day(FKD)”drawings of 577 children from Daegu, Busan, and North Kyungsang provinces in Korea - 295 from institutions which facilitate abused children and 282 from children with no known history of abuse –were evaluated with various rating criteria. A software program, Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) version 19, was used to process and analyze data, testing the results for reliability of scales and inter-raters. With a discriminant analysis used to verify the validity of statistics gathered for the research, the study also applied the cross tabulation analysis to examine the differences in children’s responses to FKD depending on their severity of abuse. The results showed that the abused children drew significantly different FKDdrawings in how many colors and what colors they were predominantly using, what elements of weather movements such as the size of sun and the amount of rain, the existence of dull clouds and lighting they were drawing, and how much space they were filling and how they were filling the space in terms of the thickness and movements of lines. It was found that these variables accounted for 87.2% for the degree of physical abuse and accounted for 87.7% for the degree of emotional abuse. Consequently, the finding implies that the FKD drawing can be a valuable projective tool to detect the degree of abuse of children and adolescents.

목적 : 본 연구는 Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist(SPSRC)의 국내사용을 위해 한국 어로 번안하고 내용타당도를 알아보기 위해 검증을 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 내용타당도를 검증하기 위해 번역, 내용 적합성 검증, 역번역, 번역 검증 위원회, 내용 이해도 검증의 과정을 거쳐 완성된 한글판 SPSRC를 작업치료학과 교수 3명과 작업치료사 7명에게 제시하여 내용 타당도 지수(Content Validity Index; CVI)를 확인하였다. 결과 : 한글판 SPSRC의 내용 타당도 지수(CVI)는 130문항 모두 .90 이상이었다. 또한 전체 문항의 CVI 역시 .99로 높은 수준의 내용타당도 결과를 나타냈다. 결론 : 한글판 SPSRC는 아동의 감각처리능력과 자기조절능력을 함께 측정할 수 있는 도구로서 높은 내용 타당도를 가진 것으로 확인되었다. 한글판 SPSRC는 임상에서 아동의 감각처리능력과 자기조절능력에 대한 이해와 평가를 용이하게 하며, 감각통합 중재 계획을 위해 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Objective : This study was adapted into Korean for domestic use of the Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist (here in after referred to as SPSRC) and verified its content validity. Methods : The Korean version of the SPSRC, which was completed via a translation, content suitability, reverse translation, expert committee review, and content understanding process, was presented to three professors of the Department of Occupational Therapy and seven occupational therapists to confirm the content validity. Results : The content validity index (CVI) of the Korean version of the SPSRC was 0.9 or higher in all 130 items. Additionally, the CVI of all items was also 0.99, showing a high level of content validity result. Conclusion : The Korean version of the SPSRC was confirmed to have high content validity as a tool that can measure children's sensory processing ability and self-regulation ability together. The Korean version of the SPSRC facilitates the understanding and evaluation of children's sensory processing and self-regulation abilities in the clinical field, and is thought to be used to establish an intervention plan.

목적 : Evaluation in Ayres Sensory Integration(EASI)의 국내사용을 위해 번역연구를 통한 한글 연구 판 EASI를 제시하고, EASI의 구성타당도를 검정하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : EASI의 번역연구는 타문화 적응을 위한 번역 가이드라인의 4단계에 따라 실행하였다. 과정은 번역, 번역내용의 통합과 내용타당도 분석을 거쳤으며, 하위 검사 하나는 역번역을 실시하여 한글 연구판 EASI를 제시하였다. 구성타당도 검증은 3∼12세의 일반아동과 감각통합문제를 가진 아동을 대상으로 EASI를 사용하여 평가하였다. 구성타당도는 일반아동과 감각통합문제를 가진 아동 그룹의 집단비교와 학령전기와 학령기 일반아동의 집단비교를 통하여 검증하였다. 집단비교는 Mann Whitney U 검정을 사 용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 번역 내용타당도 검증 결과 20개의 모든 항목은 평균 3.17점 이상을 보였다. 일반아동군과 감각통 합문제 아동군의 EASI 영역별 차이를 알아본 결과 4개의 영역 중 감각지각 영역에서 두 그룹간 차이를 보였다(p=0.044). 세부적으로 촉각과 전정감각과 관련된 항목에서 통계학적인 차이를 보였다. 일반아동 의 학령전기 아동군와 학령기 아동군의 EASI 영역별 비교에서는 실행, 안구, 자세 및 양측운동통합의 2 개 영역에서 통계학적 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : EASI 번역연구를 통해 제시된 한글판 EASI는 연구용으로 사용하기에 적합하다. 구성타당도 검증결 과 일반아동과 진단군 아동의 차이를 설명할 수 있는 항목들과 연령에 따른 차이를 설명할 수 있는 항목 들을 제시하였다. 이는 EASI 결과 해석에 고려될 수 있으리라 생각된다. 감각통합 기능의 종합적인 평가 와 중재에 대한 근거를 제시하기 위해서는 앞으로 검사자간 신뢰도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도 검증이 필요 하며, 추가적인 타당도 검증이 필요하리라 생각된다.

Objective : This study aimed to create a Korea translation of the Evaluation in Ayres Sensory Integration (EASI) and to then test the adapted version for construct validity. Methods : The translation and content validation process were conducted in accordance with a four-step process, namely translation, integration, content validity examination, and backward translation. The construct validity of the translated version was evaluated using the EASI for children aged 3~12 years with and without sensory integration problems, comparing the two groups as well as preschool and school-aged groups. The group comparison was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS. Results : In terms of content validity, all 20 items averaged more than 3.17 points. Of the four EASI categories, there was a difference in Sensory Perception (p=0.044) between the typical and sensory integration groups, and there was a statistical difference between tactile and vestibular sensations. Between the preschool and school-aged children, statistical difference was observed in two categories, namely Praxis and Ocular-Postural-Bilateral Motor Integration. Conclusion : Based on its construct validity, the Korean version of EASI is suitable for use in research. The construct validity study highlighted items that explain differences between typical and diagnostic children and items that explain those differences by age. Our findings could therefore be considered when interpreting EASI results.

목적 : 본 연구는 Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist(이하 SPSRC)의 국내사용을 위해 일반아동과 자폐스펙트럼장애(Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD) 아동을 대상으로 타당도와 신뢰도 검 증을 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 동시타당도를 검증하기 위해 Short Sensory Profile(SSP)을 사용하여 피어슨 적률 상관계수 (Product-moment correlation coefficient)를 산출하였다. 구성타당도는 두 집단의 감각처리능력과 자 기조절능력을 비교하여 검증을 실시하였다. 신뢰도 검증을 위한 내적 일치도의 경우 Cronbach’s α를 산 출하였으며, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 피어슨 상관계수(Pearson correlation coefficient)를 통해 검증하 였다. 결과 : 동시타당도의 검증 결과 한글판 SPSRC와 SSP는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈으며(p<.01), 구성타당도는 한글판 SPSRC의 영역 및 하위항목에 대해 두 집단이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것 으로 확인되었다(p<.001). 내적 일치도는 Cronbach’s α값의 범위가 .700 ~ .975로 나타났으며, 검사- 재검사 신뢰도는 상관계수의 범위가 .937 ~ .997로 나타났다. 결론 : 한글판 SPSRC는 높은 타당도와 신뢰도를 가지는 평가도구로 확인되었다. 따라서 임상에서 치료목표 를 계획하기 위한 평가도구로 사용되는 것 뿐만 아니라 향후 관련된 연구에 의미 있는 근거자료로 사용 되기를 기대한다.

Objective : This study aims to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist (SPSRC) for children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Methods : The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated using Short Sensory Profile (SSP) to verify concurrent validity. Construct validity was verified by comparing the sensory processing ability and self-regulation ability of the two groups. Cronbach’s α was calculated in the case of internal consistency for reliability verification, and the test-retest reliability was verified through the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results : Based on the verification of the concurrent validity, the Korean version of SPSRC and SSP showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01). The construct validity was found to have a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the area and sub-items of the Korean version of SPSRC (p < 0.001). For the internal consistency, Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.700 to 0.975. The test-retest reliability showed that the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.937 to 0.997. Conclusion : The Korean version of SPSRC was confirmed to be an evaluation tool with high validity and reliability. It is expected to be used as an evaluation tool for planning treatment goals in clinical trials and as a meaningful basis for future research.

목적 : 본 연구는 Peabody Developmental Motor Scale 2(PDMS-2)의 국내사용을 위하여 번역연 구와 검사자간 신뢰도 및 동시타당도를 검증하는 것이다. 연구방법 : PDMS-2의 번역연구는 2명의 작업치료사가 각각 번역하여, 3명의 작업치료학과 교수 를 통해 번역 내용타당도를 검증하였다. 그 후 임상 작업치료사 5명을 대상으로 내용이해도 검 증을 받아 수정보완 후 한글판 PDMS-2를 제시 하였다. 일반 아동 50명을 대상으로 검사자간 신뢰도는 두 작업치료사가 한글판 PDMS-2를 각각 평가하여 검사자간 신뢰도를 측정하였고, 동시타당도는 한글판 PDMS-2와 한국판 Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency- 2(BOT-2)를 사용하여 검증하였다. 결과 : 연구결과 번역에 대한 내용일치도는 평균3.45점으로 일치하였고, 내용이해도는 평균 3.69점으 로 높은 이해도를 보였다. 검사자간 신뢰도는 급내상관계수의 범위가 .941에서 .994로 나타났다. 동시타당도는 상관계수 r값이 항목에 따라 .951-.651으로 통계적 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 한글판 PDMS-2는 아동의 운동기능을 평가하는 도구로서 높은 신뢰도와 타당도를 가진 것 으로 나타났다. 한글판 PDMS-2는 아동의 운동기능 평가와 치료의 효과를 측정하는 도구로 사 용가능하며, 치료의 중재나 목표 설정과 교육 및 연구를 위해 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

Objective : This study aims to verify the content validity and inter-rater reliability of the Korean version of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale 2 (PDMS-2) and to identify the concurrent validity by comparing it with the Korean version of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2). Methods : PDMS-2 was translated by the researcher and an eighth-year clinical occupational therapist. The content consistency of the Korean version of the PDMS-2 was verified by three professors with experience using it. After the verification of the content consistency of the PDMS-2 by the five clinical occupational therapists and the additional revision, the Korean version of the PDMS-2 was completed. The researcher and another occupational therapist evaluated the Korean version of PDMS-2 in 50 children and measured the inter-rater reliability. Concurrent validity was measured by comparing the results of the Korean version of PDMS-2 and Korean version of BOT-2. Results : The content consistency test showed overall agreement of mean 3.45, and the content understanding test showed a high level of understanding of mean 3.69. The inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the Korean version of the PDMS-2 showed a statistically significant correlation. Conclusion : The Korean version of the PDMS-2 showed high content understanding, reliability, and validity. It can assist clinicians and researchers who work in fields related to child treatment or development.

본 연구는 Seligman(2011)의 웰빙 이론에 기반하여 플로리시(Flourish) 개념을 측정하는 PERMA-Profiler(Butler와 Kern, 2016)를 한국어로 번역하고 타당화하여 국내 긍정심리 관 련 연구의 기초를 마련하고자 하였다. 척도의 번역-역번역 및 예비조사를 통해 한국판 플 로리시 척도(K-PERMA)를 완성하였고, 대학생과 일반성인 249명(남자 110명, 여자 139명) 을 대상으로 설문을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 또한 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 산출하기 위하여 연구 대상자 중 114명에게 4주 후 반복 측정하였다. 이어서 척도의 기술통계, 신뢰도와 하 위 요인 간 상관을 분석하였고, 구성 타당도를 검증하기 위하여 확인적 요인분석을 하였으 며, 준거 관련 타당도를 검증하기 위하여 관련 척도와의 상관을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 척 도의 내적 합치도는 하위요인별로 .82～.90였으며, PERMA 총점에서 .95로 높게 나타났으 며, 4주 간격으로 시행한 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 각 하위요인에서 .64～.85 사이였고, PERMA 총점에서 .78로 양호한 수준으로 나타났다. 확인적 요인분석의 모형적합도는 χ²(df = 80, N = 249) = 194.97이었고(p < .001), CFI = .957, TLI = .938, RESEA = .086(90% 신 뢰구간, 0.72∼.10)으로 수용할만 하였다. 또한 지각된 스트레스, 우울, 불안, 감사, 자기자비, 마음챙김과 같은 관련 척도와의 상관을 분석한 결과 원척도 연구 결과 및 이론적 가정과 일치하였다. 따라서 한국판 플로리시 척도(K-PERMA)는 신뢰롭고 타당한 척도로서 긍정심 리학 관련 연구 영역에서 사용될 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 이어서 논의 및 결론에서 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 척도 사용에서의 고려할 점을 기술하였다.

This study is based on Seligman‘s (2011) study well-being theory to translate and validate the PERMA-Profiler(Butler, & Kern, 2016), which measures the concept of Flourish, into Korean and lay the groundwork for research on positive psychology in Korea. It is noted that Korean version of the Flourish Scale(K-PERMA) was completed through translation-reverse translation and preliminary surveys. In this context, data were collected through a survey of college students and adults, total 249(110 males and 139 females). In order to calculate the test-retest reliability, 114 subjects were repeated 4 weeks later. then, The correlation between reliability and subfactors was analyzed. Later, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the construct validity, and the correlation with relevant measures was analyzed to verify the validity of the criteria. Finally, the results showed that the internal consistency of the scale raged from .82 to .90 for each subfactor, .95 for the PERMA total score, and the reliability of the test-retest were between .64 to .85 for each subfactor, .78 for the PERMA total score which was a good level. The model fit of the confirmatory factor analysis was χ² (df = 80, N = 249) = 194.97 (p <.001), CFI = .957, TLI = .938, RESEA = .086 (90% confidence interval, 0.72 to .10) was acceptable. Upon review, the analysis of correlations with related measures such as perceived stress, depression, anxiety, gratitude, self-compassion, and mindfulness showed that the results were consistent with the results of the original study and theoretical assumptions. Therefore, we confirmed that the Korean version of Flourish Scale(K-PERMA) can be used in the field of research on positive psychology, and is considered as a reliable and valid scale. Subsequently, the discussion and conclusions describe the implications, limitations and considerations of the use of the scale for future review.

목적 : 본 연구는 8~19세 아동 및 청소년의 가정, 학교, 지역사회, 공동체 생활에서의 참여를 측정할 수있는 참여 평가도구인 The Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation(CASP)을 우리나라 문화에적합하게 한국어로 번안하고, 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하여 한글판 CASP를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 본 연구는 장애 22명 및 비장애 38명을 모집하였으며, 아동 및 청소년 총 60명을 대상으로2018년 9월부터 2019년 1월까지 약 5개월간 진행되었다. 아동 및 청소년의 보호자를 대상으로 한글판The Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation(CASP)을 자가 보고식 설문으로 진행하였다. 수집된 자료는 Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) 통계분석 프로그램을 사용하여 타당도 및신뢰도를 검증하였다. 결과 : 대상자의 일반적 특성에 대한 검증에서는 두 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 장애 유무에따른 집단 간 점수를 비교한 결과, 한글판 CASP의 타당도 검증에서 유의미한 차이가 발생하여 높은 판별타당도가 검증되었으며, 신뢰도 검증에서는 높은 수준의 내적일치도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 확인하였다. 결론 : 한글판 CASP는 장애 유무에 상관없이 아동 및 청소년을 대상으로 참여를 평가할 수 있는 참여 평가도구이다. 본 연구를 통해 높은 수준의 타당도와 신뢰도가 확인되었다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 작업치료임상 및 연구에서 장애 학령기 아동 및 청소년의 효과적인 참여 증진을 위한 치료 계획 수립의 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Objective: The Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation(CASP) measures the extent to which children participatein home, school, and community activities compared to children of the same age as reported by caregivers. In thisstudy, tried to translate CASP into Korean and to develop Korean version of CASP by verifying the validity andreliability of the translated test. Methods: This study recruited 22 people with disabilities and 38 people without disabilities, which were conductedfor a total of 60 children ad adolescents for about 5 months from September 2018 to January 2019. CASP wasconducted as a self-report questionnaire for parents and guardians of children and adolescents. The validity andreliability of the collected data were verified using Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) statistical analysisprogram. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in the general characteristics of the subjects of thisstudy. As a result of comparing the scores of the groups according to the presence or absence of the disability,there was s significant difference in verifying the validity of the Korean version CASP. In the reliability test, ahigh level of internal consistency and test-retest reliability were verified. Conclusion: Korean version CASP is a participation assessment tool for child and adolescent who can evaluateparticipation regardless of disability. This study confirmed high level of validity and reliability. Based on theresults of this study, it is expected that it will be used as a basic data for establishing treatment plan to promoteeffective participation of children and adolescent with disabilities in occupational therapy and research.

본 연구의 목적은 중학생들의 진로발달과 준비도를 과학적이고 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는 타당화 연구이다. 이 연구는 예술심리치료 및 콜라주 진로상담 프로그램 적용 후 결과 검증 및 중학생들의 진로교육에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이론적 배경은 선행연구 및 진로성숙 발달관련 검사도구 고찰을 통해서 진로탐색준비도 검사의 모형과 하위요인을 설정하였다. 연구방법으로는 이론적 모형에 따라 문항을 작성한 후 중학생 총 523명을 대상으로 검사를 실시하여 요인분석과 신뢰도 계수를 산출하였다. 본 연구의 결론을 살펴보면, 첫째, 진로탐색 준비도 검사의 하위요인으로 진로계획, 진로정체감, 맥락배경, 자기효능감, 자기이해, 직업정보, 문제해결, 의사결정 등의 하위요인으로 구인되었다. 둘째, 진로탐색준비도 검사의 탐색적인 요인분석을 실시한 결과 .30이상의 문항을 구인되었고, 각 요인들의 신뢰도계수가 .565에서 .934로 일관성 있는 계수를 보이고 있다. 그러므로 진로탐색준비도 검사는 예술심리치료와 중학생들의 진로교육 및 상담과정에서 진로탐색의 발달정도를 측정하는데 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to conduct research of validity measuring scientifically and objectively the career development and readiness of middle school students. This study intend to verify outcomes after applying the program of artistic and psychological treatment and collage career counselling and provide basic data necessary for career education for middle school students. The theoretical background was the establishment of models and subfactors of the test of the degree of preparing career exploration through considering preceding research and test tools related to career, maturity, and development. The method of study was to analyze factors and compute reliability coefficient by making out questions according to theoretical models and then conducting a test for a total of 523 middle school students. The conclusion of this study was as follows. First, subfactors of the test of the degree of preparing career exploration were divided into career plan, career identity, contextual background, self-efficacy, self-understanding, career information, problem solving, decision making. Second, as a result of carrying out the exploratory factor analysis of the test of the degree of preparing career exploration, more than .30 of questions were found and reliability coefficients of each factor were showed consistently ranging from .565 to .934.

For the past 6 years, repeated research was conducted to develop the NFS method which was to improve the current examination method to meet the needs in the domestic situations. This study analyzes validity and accuracy of the NFS method through carefully controlled experiments. Also, in order to compare the accuracy between the Utah technique - so far, it is the most popular technique used in domestic situationsand the newly developed NFS technique, same experimental conditions were applied. The lie group’s task was to do a virtual criminal act and then asked to lie about their virtual crime and the truth group’s task was to do a normal desk work. Once the participants were finished with their task, the polygraph examinations each employed the NFS technique and the Utah technique separately was administered. The NFS technique showed 90% sensitivity, 100% specificity with 94.4% accuracy among 18 people tested. 2 people out of 20 had to be dropped off due to indiscernibleness. And for the Utah technique, it showed 83.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity with 94.1% accuracy. Both techniques showed high levels of accuracy. Further implications and limitations regarding these techniques will be dealt on the discussion section.

무역보험은 무역거래 및 기타 대외거래에서 필연적으로 수반되는 제위험중 해상보험 및 기타 통상의 보험으로는 구제하기 곤란한 수출불능, 수출대금 회수불능 등의 위험으로부터 무역업자를 보호하고 이들 무역업자에게 무역금융을 지원한 금융기관이입는 손실을 보상하기 위한 제도이다. 우리나라는 무역으로 인한 피해를감소 시키기 위해 법과 제도적 그리고 금융지원정책을 펼치면서 정책적지원을 하였다. 특히무역보험이그중요한수단중의하나였다. 그러나 현재의 교역환경변화에 따라 물적상품거래에서 부터 지식상품 거래에 이르기까지 교역의 대상이 다양해졌기때문에 무역보험의 다양화해야 할 필요가 있다. 무역보험공사는 보험운용종목에 해상적하 보험상의 면책 위험, 및 외화획득용 원료ㆍ기재수입시 위험으로부터 무역업자를 보호할 제도적 장치인 무역보험의 확대 도모를 모색해야 할 것이다. 따라서 궁극적으로 한국경제의 원동력인 무역의 증대와 발전을 도모하여야 할 것이다.

This paper deal with the development of trade insurance service for the trade practice risk, and its have base in trade insurance system. That is, studies for adaptable international trade insurance commodity. The trade insurance for trader covers the losses suffered by banks that provide loans to a foreign importer. In particular, the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation is hoping short-term insurance benefits to foreign buyers will help exporters here raise their competitiveness.

목적 : 본 연구는 9-19세의 학생과 학교 환경과의 적합성을 평가하는 학교 환경 인터뷰(School Setting Interview; SSI)를 한국어로 번안하고 내용타당도를 검증하기 위해 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 번역-역번역의 과정을 거쳐 완성된 한국판 SSI를 전문가 집단 35명에게 항목 적합성에 대한 설문을 총 2회 실시하여 내용타당도를 검증하였다. 연구결과 : K-SSI(Korean-School Setting Interview) 도구 전체의 내용타당도 지수(Content Validity Index; CVI)는 1차 검증에서 .90으로 나타났고, 1차 검증에서 .75 이하로 나온 항목들인 읽기 항목의 ‘지도와 도표’, 스포츠 활동하기 항목의 ‘샤워하기’에 대해서 수정을 거쳐 2차 검증을 하였다. 그 결과 2차 검증은 .93로 더 상승 된 결과를 보였다. 결론 : K-SSI는 국내문화에 부적합한 항목이 없음을 확인하였으며 높은 내용타당도를 가진 평가도구임이 증명되었 다. 앞으로의 연구에서는 타당도와 신뢰도 연구가 진행되어야 하며, 실질적으로 학교 환경에서 어려움을 겪는 학생들에게 적용하는 연구와 같이 임상에서의 지속적인 활용이 이루어져야한다.

Objective : This study was conducted to validate the content validity of the Korean version of the school setting interview (SSI) that assesses the adequacy of school environments for students aged 9-19. Methods : The Korean version of the SSI, which was completed via a translation-reverse translation process, was verified by conducting a questionnaire on category suitability two times with 35 experts. Results : The content validity index (CVI) for the entire K-SSI tool was .90 in the first test. The “Maps and diagrams” measurement in reading items and the “Taking a shower” measurement in sports activities were both below .75. A second round of verification was conducted after the CVI was modified. As a result, the secondary verification CVI results were further raised to .93. Conclusion : This study confirmed that the K-SSI contains items that are appropriate to Korean culture; it has been proven to have high content validity. Future continuous research and clinical use are required to study the validity and reliability of the K-SSI. Further, this tool should also be applied to students with diverse disabilities who face difficulties in school settings.