Earticle

This paper tries to analyze ‘image of Russia’ which is reproduced in short-storys(‘나그네(Stranger)’ and ‘지홍 련(Ji-Hong-ryeun)’)of Kim-Jun. The short story which embodied in 『Sunshine of October』 is published in Almaty, Kazakhstan in 1971. ‘Image of Russia’ reflects attitude toward Russia as Kareisky’s residence. From that point of view, It is judged as important factors which can make Kareisky’s life grasp. In ‘Stranger’ and ‘Ji-Hong-ryeun’, We can find out will of Kim-Jun that he tried to restore heroic history of struggle through novel, especially, he tried to tell the history of his heroes that didn’t settle in formal history. The restoration intended to make Kareisky prideful and to identify their national homogeneity, and it can shows writer’s intention to involve nationalism. ‘Stranger’ is nationalism writing that shows love about nationality as fate of community and great respect for 홍범도(Hong-Beom-do) who devoted to national independence. Meanwhile, in the ending of the ‘Stranger’, by setting Russia that 장도철(Jang-Do-cheol) who is Hong Beom-do’s unit headed for, it tells Russia’s image as positive. This ending shows awareness of Russia that there is no danger of the Japanese army to a korean army for independence. At the same time, we can regard that it informs anti-Russia awareness that Russia intended to make Yonhaeju advanced base for independence. In ‘Ji-Hong-ryeun’, The Reds which is revolutionary force in civil war described comradeship as positive image. In contrast, Japanese troop and the Whites are described as enemy to kill. Ji-Hong-ryeun who is young woman that became partizan for revenge for her husband was created as the leading role, and she struggled against the Whites that is counterforce. it shows that what she did wouldn’t confine a few heroes. This work reveal comradeship between the Reds and Kareisky, and what 김영파(Kim-Young-pa) in story referred Russia as home reveals Kareisky’s survivng strategy with strong solidarity, so they think Russia as homeland. By restoring forgotten history through two novels, Kim-Jun tried to give Kareisky national pride. Futhermore, by reproducing positive image about Russia, he tried to show us desperate position that Kareisky had to adapt in order to survive.

Soviet Government is established in the Maritime Province, now CIS Korean can not leave where they meanwhile have been cultivated hard. Soviet Government also supported positively that CIS Korean get settled there as the minority group policy. Especially in the early 1930s kolkhoz business is delivered, CIS Korean positively attempt to get settled there. Now they are not ‘Korean’ but ‘CIS Korean’. Thus they positively must adjust and live there. But Soviet Government of Stalin replants forcibly CIS Korean in CIS in 1937. And the progress of emigration is very coercive. Soviet Government of Stalin can not never condone the separatism of the certain minority group in order to establish a centralized state. This is the clear discrimination against minority race. Spearhead shows already these discrimination against minority race in 1928. For the moment Russians discriminate CIS Korean as ‘Aelmauje’(a second-class Russian). Here there is not idea of the socialist nation -building and Marxism-Leninism that they have been meanwhile chased down together and they must now and for ever seek together. Only discrimination against minority race is noticeably exposed. Literary works and literary articles in Spearhead show manifestly those situations. In that sense, Spearhead shows the original form in CIS Korean’ life until now. Spearhead is a kind of report in CIS Korean’ life.

When Russia imploded, five Central Asia nations became independent of Russia. After they were deported in 1937, these nations’ independence brought another hardship for Russian Koreans under Russia’s rule, as in the nations in the region. As soon as they achieved independence, Russian Koreans were discounted in the process of (Russia’s) prosecuting nationalistic policies. This study attempts to focus on the fact that Russian Koreans were excluded from the Central Asia nations. After they were deserted in strange places, Russian Koreans tried to protect their identity to a great extent. It can be thought that in this process they might have orientialsm style toward the indigenous people. Cultivating infertile Central Asia with advanced farming techniques, Russian Koreans regarded nomad culture and Islamic culture as inferior. Though they tried to assimilate into the social culture Russia dominated, they didn’t pay much attention to regional social culture. This might rouse unconscious hostility for native peoples such as the Uzbek and Kazakhs. Advanced farming techniques, great enthusiasm for education, and desire for the ascent of social status could work as factors to make Russian Koreans increasingly differentiated from the native peoples. This can result from their cultural differences, whether it is conscious or unconscious. If thought reflectively, however, it can be attributed to Russian Koreanss awareness of superiority, compared with the indigenous people.

The purpose of this study was to analysis about causes extracted blog applicated peer feedback’s features and to compare existing peer feedback and blog applicated peer feedback, thereby seek to deployable methods peer feedback in the education environment. The results of Blog applicated peer feedback activity for 48 persons took a writing class in the first semester of 2014 is verified peer feedback activity can be induced active writing attitude that extend discussion and solve the communal problems. It is discovered tendency to similar to content aspect because feedback contents were disclosed to team members as well. About 80% of students prefer to blog applicated peer feedback to face to face feedback and a lot of students admitted the density of peer feedback. Almost students admitted blog applicated peer feedback’s suitable numbers is twice or three times in the semester although ask for a lot of time and efforts. This responses can be arrived at the conclusion that students can write more actively if media environment and education methods will be offered that study writing effectively.

This article takes up rating resolution in the scoring of writing outcomes, based on the cognitive and socio-cultural perspectives that is the socio-genetic perspectives. And this paper considers various features of cognitive rating in the writing assessment and tries to reveal the effective information-processing method of scoring. It concludes by suggesting that teachers have to consider the consensual technique for assessing text based on the group cognition. The information-processing in the group rating can be find the effective consensual method and validly extended to scoring process. Therefore it suggests that raters have to consider both personal cognition and group cognition in the process of assessing students’ texts. And teachers consider to use the expert’s strategy and the method to use the information of the writing assessment. The team discussion relates the raters’ scoring strategy, the understanding of the criteria, and the method to process the information related to the writing assessment. Based on these findings, it suggests several new approaches to score and resolve the score discrepancy.

The purpose of this study is to seek directions in Korean listening education for foreigners through analyzing the effects of question types and listening strategy use on listening comprehension of Korean. This study investigated three subjects: the effect of question types on listening comprehension of Korean; the difference between high-level students and low-level students according to three classified question types; the effect of listening strategy on listening comprehension of Korean. The data was collected from 45 students learning Korean in Korea University Language Center, and it was analyzed through multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance. The results of the research are as follows. First, the difference between high-level students and low-level students was significant depending on the question types in listening comprehension. High-level students received better scores than low-level students in all three types. The score of intensive listening was the highest, and the score of response listening was the lowest in every level. Second, listening strategies did not affect listening grades greatly, but effects of some listening strategies were significant on listening comprehension. This study provides important implications needed for Korean listening education for foreigners.

This thesis has been designed to figure out the source of consciousness of absence found in Lee Ga-rim’s poems. As a poet in the 1960’s, he accepted the exotic atmosphere due to the political despair resulted from the establishment of the military regime. His way of responding to it seemed to be alienated from the reality mingled with his sentiment in youth, but it was really the expression of resistance against the political situation in Korea. However, he did recall the spirit of April 19 Democratic Revolution and replaced the sentiment with historicity. Lee Ga-rim’s consciousness of history consists of two things: his personal longing and sorrow. In his poems, sorrow can be often detected as it is defined as the object of aesthetic existence. And sorrow appears along with longing. In the point that longing is an emotional response to the absence of an object, longing internalized in his poems is the phenomenon resulted from the absence of emotional exchange. He does cure this absence of communication with poetic moderation. Longing that is empowered by this becomes the very act that a being proves absence. In Lee Ga-rim’s poems, the phenomenon of absence is pervasive. It was generated in connection with his family history, political situations in Korea, his stay in France for studying, or the alienation of his home. The consciousness of absence that is attributed to those external conditions appears very frequently in his poems. With this absence, he confirms his self-identity and realizes the substance of lyrical truth mingled with sorrow and longing. In other words, his consciousness of absence is the very poetic struggle to return to ‘innocent ruins’.

Here we examine the vision and attributes of the female body as represented in modern women’s poetry, focusing on the texts of Lee Seonyoung and Heo Sugyeong. To understand these depictions and the poets’ ultimate goal, the works are read within the context of post-modern feminist Helene Cixous’ suggested framework for women’s writing. This feminine writing includes both plurality of subject and plurality of meaning, acknowledging the nature of others where it differs from our own. This kind of trend is found in the poems of Lee Seonyoung and Heo Sugyeong. The works portray a new image of women with a bisexual femininity, enabling an interpretation of women’s bodies previously ignored by the patriarchy. In Lee Seonyoung’s poems women are depicted as lifeless things and an unseen narrator speaks for them. This apparatus rebuffs the traditional phallo-centric pattern by showing a bisexual individual revealed vividly through sliding, dissolving description which allows diverse readings. Heo depicts a feminine identity, which bestows the womb to nature and acknowledges its fruit. This acceptance evokes sexuality. While the sexual union in love-making leads to the birth a child, in her poems she emphasizes the greater importance of the relationship itself. Playful language, sentence destruction, and descriptions of intimacy imply a world where each individual lives harmoniously. The poets’ writings focus on the differences of female form from male to present to us the opportunity for a society relieved of its emphasis on problematic, ego-driven, one sided male-centered values.

Body discours and feminism discourse are based on postmodernism, disconstruct existed discours. Our body discourse started and became serious on Feminine writings. But, this research studies man author write body discourse for the whole body discourse. Ga-Heum, Baek author has constructed on body discourse rarely among man author. His heroes are proletarian on the society economy system and they don’t criticize about their environment is excepted them. Heroes are showed body relations, life of body, act of body on real life, therefore expose life’ s real meannings in author’s purpose. There are reapeted materials of violence, murther, death, so we knows that one ego is started and died only with body. This is meaning that body is grounded and established for the self, it is author’s cognition about “The body subject”. Furthermore a closing observate about isolation and solitude of body relationships, body subject is reprsented in a current situation being taken to pieces. The other side, through hero’s relation with woman, proletaria hero exibite phallus force in the presence of a woman, repeatedly practice violence, sexual violence, murther to her. Therefore it is showed that a order Phllocentrism system isn’t taking pieces until now. Ather sides, in relationship among man & woman, Hero pursue desire of Mother, his bodily ego lay open unconcious desire against system control

Want to read the text as the title of this cover that in view of the implementation of a single post made ​​by the author of the dream, the novel is, as one example of a dream “guunmong”. This will be the most recognizable aspects of the dream motif is a novel opportunity to borrow a full understanding of the text as well. Chapter 1 is repeated nine kinds of poison troubled dream implies beginning, clashing, the reversal of the dream. Start of Dreams Anima is presented in a civil voice call invitation to ‘Labyrinth’ and the main character. From third parties, or receive as a harmonious and society through the steps required to implement and that unity and relationship to internal self-IS LOST anima in a task that is required to be distressful dock meeting sukgwa are met. But dreams are frustrated at the continuous and unexpected encounters with people who repeatedly kicked a getaway, costs clashing step aside as a dream becomes a complicated situation. The movement of unconscious psychological compensation for receiving citizens dream of being chased by the mob repeatedly hoping to judgment. The induction beoteonagil a spectator attitude for a period of time and people had to reserve judgment and LOST own personal inner reflection and guilt to a specific defect in the attitudes, ie. The social mask as he treats the social and age pereujona attitude taken by the citizens of the bladder. The more secured the self pereujona the other person to react to it, the unconscious anima becomes even more bidaehaejyeo ego craves for Anima is more intense. Celebrates the reversal of the situation in the sixth clashing dream dreams. The expansion in the direction lean crave Min-Min Sook Elena direction to crave well. Mothayeo recognize both the ladies and meeting reservations, and repeat ‘tremendous crush’ the Min nine dream, and it is shown as one of the Revolutionary toward people called substitution. Section 2 presents and to delay the ending part of a reorganization to censor dream consciousness is inserted. Hwanchi a company is in Chapter 1 is a pity transcript confused dream eye view will be the owner of Sober gimyonggil Dr. reason. This time is replaced by ‘faceless narrator’ talking the pain of death and age as a member beyond a one-to-one correspondence between the signifier and the group, citizens carcass. This is an expression of the collective unconscious, and uncovering the individual is no longer evident in the special inner circle of pain and despair, but also a symbol of rejuvenation and spring are born with the metabolism of the Nursing Department to identify with the sacrifice of his body, the 4.19 Revolution son. The last three chapters are given the ending of the dream to meet civil and bowed. The results of the maze acts as a combination of individual and age really pereujona and Anima, conscious and unconscious, wandering to find the Min Sook, a kiss of these. Can be interpreted as the lovers came to see this movie cause he Shipbuilding> the historical devastation and disorder characterized Province Seoul 1960. Will be established at this point of time contemplating the view as history interspersed despair and pain. But you can see that the artistic expression of hope experienced the pain was the situation after the last wish it to be overcome is the point of civil and time indicated in Chapter 3, when this work was presented to the union and the deliberative yeoteum 1960 historical contemplation. Such a transformation in the collective unconscious and was lurking round, integration of conscious and unconscious, unconscious of the individual experiencing the contemporary chaos, “guunmong” chapter each aspect of the dream - the implications blend self-realization via the contemplation. In addition, each chapter is reversed to that point viewers to view the old Seoul later to become the victims of political turmoil in the year before suffering a confusing subject object, Min. 1960 The age hardening, and thus the situation is gradually being won by a large variation in the time dream to aid in revealing the confusion and chaos of individual small dreams “guunmong” is.

The purpose of this essay is to observe the aspects of change and specificities of Chinese Korean novels after 1990s in terms of motives and explain their literary outcome and outlook. The Chinese-Korean society began to change structurally after the reform and opening of Chinese; especially after the Korea-China diplomatic ties. Immigrating to Chinese metropolis for ascent of status in industrialized and urbanized society and to overcome poverty became widespread. Moreover, immigrating to Korea with hopes in mind, so-called Korean dream, made a rapid rural-urban migration. For this reason, Chinese-Korean society is falling apart and the national community’s foundation is collapsing. The rapid change in Chinese- Korean society, which can be summed up into the hollow of rural community and division of family, is still ongoing. The second diaspora is progressing. This era of Chinese-Korean’s novel started to get out of the influence of the main current of Chinese literature and display its own perspective. Through Korean literature, it receives world literature’s trend, even though there still are some effects from the main current of Chinese literature. It is spreading its field of interest by newly referencing Korean literature and searching for various literary methods. As a result, compared to the era before, the subject of the work broadened and novel’s theme and method of creation became various and leaped forward, making it achieve maturity. In this era, Chinese-Korean writers observed on the structural variation of Chinese-Korean society and its social pathologic phenomenon, making imagery with various method by interpreting it through their unique perspective. It is indicated especially in works that shows the hollow of rural community and division of family, the collapse of national community’s foundation, Korean dream, aspects of diaspora and a life of marginal man. These works are based on an ardent desire of restoring tribal community from the writer.

In Korea a lot of fox or nine tailed fox stories have descended to this time. We can find those stories through ancient documents, works of a literary men, Korean oral folk tales, village names, children’s stories, and even through Korean movies and dramas. In those stories the fox generally role as just a behind helper for some great men like religious man, war hero, national hero, intellectuals etc. But in the ‘salt merchants catching nine tailed fox with korean a-frame carrier stick’ stories, actually these types hold large parts among Korean fox oral folk tales, fox was regarded as a evil existence. Though the nine tailed fox try to change own form to old woman by wearing a hat made by skull, but it’s a pity, in an unlucky hour, her own identity is discovered by salt merchant. Even though the fox in the shape of old woman came dawn from mountain, and is treated in a very special way by everyone, but she can not delude salt merchant. This type stories are influenced by the idea of five elements. In these stories fox belongs to soil, salt merchant belongs to fire because salt traditionally was made by baking, and his a-frame carrier stick belong to tree among five elements. In the five elements theory tree overcomes soil, and soil element founds out by the power of fire element. This type stories were made deliberately with the purpose of getting rib of goddess worship and primitive religion.

I would suggest the base that unified grammar through comparison ‘case’ in South Korea with ‘격토’ in North Korea could be systematized. While ‘case’ is recognized word in South Korea, ‘격토’ is not recognized word in North Korea. In South Korea subjective complements ‘-이’,‘-가’, ‘-께서’, ‘-서’, ‘-에서’ are described, on the other hand, only ‘-이’, ‘-가’ ‘- 께서’ in North Korea are dealt with subjective complement without exception and ‘-에서’, -서’ are dealt with ‘위 격’. Only sentence component which is required a narrative word is recognized as complement. In South Korea, 보격 postpositions ‘-이/-가’ are situated before narrative words ‘되다, 아니다’: In North Korea 보격 postposition not only is not recognized but is dealt with ‘-이’, ‘-가’ as subjective complement. In North Korea since the sentence component and the object connected to an advervial postpositional word play a part in aiding incomplete narrative words, it is dealt with complement. As complement is a sentence component necessary and adverb is not indispensable, I think that dealing with them as complement is valid. A narrative word ‘-이다’ is not regarded as 격토 in North Korea. Instead ‘-이’ of ‘-이다’ changes into conjugated ending word, ‘바꿈토’. There is a pause before or after ‘-이다’ and it can be recognized as independent language unit. However, as it has a function of narrative word, it must necessarily discuss dealing with ‘-이다’. In South Korea, I am sure that Syntax theory on the basis of Structures and Transformational of Generative Grammar is different from ‘토’ theory and study sphere. I think it is necessary to look into the developing process by approaching comprehensive grammar theory of ‘토’ characteristics which is thought to be different between the two Koreas. Also, It is necessary to standardize on setting up the scope of each case between the two Koreas and it will be the next project.