Earticle

This paper discussed that prefix changes type of words in formation of words and has an object in view if governing affix can be established or not. In Korean, affix is classified into ‘prefix’ and ‘suffix’ according to its position and function when it participates in formation of derivative words. Generally, prefix has function that limit meaning of base by locating in front of base. And suffix limit meaning of base or change grammatical element of base by locating behind of base. Normally, prefix can not change grammatical element of base but some cases are found in Korean words that prefix change type of words when it forms derivative words. These kind of cases are very handful in formation of Korean words. If prefix changes type of base, ‘governing affix’ should be established. However, this paper found out prefix is not only element which can change type of words. Regarding this, the paper discussed possibility if governing affix can be established through following three points: Problems when describing dictionary, semantic lexicalization and comparison with governing suffix. With these three points, the paper emphasized that it is not valid to establish ‘governing prefix’.

The purpose of this study is to suggest the model which specifically analyzes a political discourse with the reflective equilibrium. The reflective equilibrium which is not only process but result of moral judgement, usually pursues principle and coherence of moral judgement. This kind of moral reasoning can be very useful for a political discourse analysis because a political discourse has reasoning features, and an argumentative text should pursue coherence. Therefore, this study would like to suggest the reasoning model based on the reflective equilibrium as specific method for political discourse analysis combining reasoning feature of political discourse with reflective equilibrium. For the purpose of this study, firstly, it explores Top-down and Bottom-up features, examines the limitation of these kinds of methodologies, and compares the reflective equilibrium in moral reasoning. The reflective equilibrium pursues not only consistency, but also coherence between principles and moral judgements respectively through dialectical procedure. Second, this study examines the types of argumentation in order to use the reflective equilibrium as the method for validity of moral reasoning. This study confirms that practical argument which is one of the primary types in political discourse, pursues reflective equilibrium. With these discussions, this study induces argumentation model pursuing the reflective equilibrium. The first rule of this model is to refine the problematic situation precisely. The second one is to set the goal of argumentation accurately. Third one is to analyse value and principle for both recognizing problematic situation and evaluating goal of argumentation. The fourth one is to selecting the action for solution of problematic situation. The fifth one is to select the action as the means achieving the goal of argumentation. These five rules pursue that problematic situation, goal of argumentation, and action can be related with principle through subordinate rules as coherence relation.

This article introduces and evaluates the purpose of general education courses in the Department of Liberal Arts. The course titled “Writing and Presentation for Problem-solving” incorporates aesthetic and interpretive understanding of poetic arts to educate students to become “ideal readers” from Reader-Response Theory. Since a decline in humanities majors over the last decades, a majority of the undergraduates in South Korea have hardly read or attempted to interpret any kind of literary works. Rather, students focus on their practical studies related to their majors due to social atmosphere or economic reasons. They consider reading and understanding poems as a difficult and complex task, which is irrelevant to their daily life. The course “Writing and Presentation for Problem-solving” reinvestigates students’ apathetic attitudes toward poetry and reexamines the goal of general education. This course incorporates poetry reading to encourage students to read and understand poems and develop their reading skills in criticism, their aesthetic responsiveness, and interpretive ability in general. Furthermore, this course allows students to link poetic works with specific social themes that suit diverse neighborhoods in Seoul. Specifically, students are assigned to replace existing poetic works on subway platforms with more suitable poetries that reflect each neighborhoods’ characteristics and cultural contents around the subway zone.

The purpose of this study is to present an effective Korean language writing education method that applies blended learning. Many difficulties can be found in many factors comprehended in writing education such as the students, the teachers, the learning environment and many others, but the biggest problem of them all is that a comprehensive course on writing education cannot be conducted during class due to time restraints. In order to address and overcome these limitations, a blended learning program was adopted and students were successfully induced to actively participate in the activities, To further increase educational effectiveness peer feedback activities were applied in real class. The analysis of results confirmed an improvement in educational effectiveness. Peer feedback types were considered from a linguistic, a responsive and an affective point of view. Students’ writings were compared before and after establishing peer feedback, and results confirmed that students’ writing could improve even without teacher feedback. By moving away from the traditional one-sided teacher feedback method, students started sharing feedback with their peers and were able to learn more about writing by interacting with them. Moreover, students’ motivation, interest and participation in the class clearly increased. Unlike writing that students only do once, peer feedback encouraged students to share and do more writing, and this not only helped students improve their writing skills, it also helped them improve their reading skills. Through this process that allows students to share their feedback with peers by using spoken language form, they did not only obtain benefits in written language but also in spoken language. This study presented a new method for Korean language writing education, an area that was long regarded difficult by both students and teachers. Practical applications in actual classes have shown positive results. The results of blended learning with focused on peer feedback have confirmed possibilities for application in Korean language writing education.

Recent research on request speech act of Korean, have focused merely on the request strategy rather than the expressions itself or reactions toward the request. This study, however, has investigated how Korean native speakers(KNS)’ reaction to request expressions of non-native speakers of Korean(NNS) and the impact of non-preferred expressions. Through preliminary survey, 7 request expressions were selected and demonstrated to KNS participants. According to the research, 80% of KNS participants answered that they would accept NNS’ request, however 1/3 of them reported that non-preferred expressions were unpleasant. In addition, NNS’s personality was more negatively evaluated by KNS participants when non-preferred expressions were used. Most of KNS participants concluded that NNS produced non-preferred request because they lack cultural understanding rather than linguistic knowledge.

In this article, I investigated problems of sources of Korean classical novels contained in the Korean language schoolbooks for the middle & high school. For this, I reviewed the sources of Korean classical novels contained in the Korean language schoolbooks for the middle & high school. And I claimed that it needs to suggest the sources of Korean classical novels from literature education and copyright law point of view. And I considered the sources from completion, readability, accessibility and accuracy angle. As the result I understood that there are serious problems in original text written in chinese letter or old Korean language, and preceding textbooks as sources. The preceding textbooks lacked completion, accessibility and accuracy. And the original text written in chinese letter or old Korean language lacked readability, accessibility and accuracy. So it needs to satisfy the completion, readability, accessibility and accuracy to write a new Korean language schoolbooks for the middle & high school.

The local cultural center was established for the development of the traditions of the local community’s cultural identity and local culture. For the promotion of local culture Gongju Culture Center has been involved in a number of cultural projects. One of Gongju’s Traditional Village roles is that of protecting the local traditional culture. The project can be an important resource in the production of the local cultural policy. This is a comprehensive report that shows the historical and cultural life of the local community From 1996 to 2012, The Traditional Village of Gongju published a total of 11 books. It surveyed 137 villages. However, these cultural traditions and regional cultural resources must not stay in that report. Already we do not think ‘time and space’ of ‘Traditional Village’ refers only to a small area. That’s because while typical of our unique local culture will even include cultural identity of Korea. Overall value of villages cut off from the culture has a sense of ‘traditional culture’ and the dismantling of the ‘Traditional Village community. In the village traditional communities of urban industrialization say every time. Sustained, maintenance and recovery is important. However, it should be preceded by what prior to the views and policy realization in these outside, What is a community of Traditional Village must be aware of is the recognition and the utility value of traditional culture. The way of the transmission of the tradition are the subjective village members to make it more important. Local cultural center is responsible not only for promoting its cultural resources, but also for developing local cultural projects which can contribute to the future of traditional village community.

This study examined the meaning of ‘body subject’ found in feminism poems in the context of (post) ecriture feminine. This study focused on (post) ecriture feminine, considering that the meaning of body writing would need to be explored from the angle of new dimension of writing if body was associated with writing as a method for artistic creation. In this paper, body writing was not confined to poem writing in which women participated as subject of poem writing. Rather, the body writing which intended to shatter existing dichotomy fundamentally was accepted as constituting (post) ecriture feminine. We looked into the poems of Hwang Byeong-seung and Jin Eun-yeong who show the tendency of (post) ecriture writing styles based on such notion as preconditions. According to Butler, reproduction of female subject does not have to be necessarily preconditioned on women. Existing discourses are pure fiction. To face it, we need to perform existing gender or transform ourselves vividly as the only and sole existences. That is also revealed similarly in the poems of both poets. In the poems of Hwang Byeong-seung, the body reveals multiple sexual identities which are mixture of two genders and implies subsequent course of transformation. Poetic subject is not male, female, or living thing or dead thing, but presents dual, ambivalent, ambiguous, and strange realms. At this time, poet is a subject inconsistent with object and can be said to be the subject showcasing his/her emotion toward gloomy reality. The ego, the acting subject, is not a real existence in real world, but an unreal identity created through imagination, and therefore does not exist in fact and the authority of origin(poet) is denied. Through that, objects move freely and create the meaning on their own. That is one of the strategies to move beyond existing order and create his/her life newly, and is also revealed through metonymy which continuously fails to approach certain meaning or essence. Unlike that, existence reveals simultaneity with objects, etc., in the poems of Jin Eun-yeong, unfolding a variety of sensible images amidst intertwined relationship of death/life and reality/unreality. “I”, who represents coexistence of various attributes inside a body, is an existence that is in the ever-changing process and also represents the only “me” that can be substituted by any other things. “I” in the poem can be “You”, and “You” are forming current “me” in connection with the past. Therefore, it cannot be specified or explained transparently by anything. Thus, judgment on me is put on hold, making it impossible to utter the voice unique to me. That is a kind of poetic device to transform their identities vividly while considering their current egos to be problematic. By minimizing their voice, their transformed body images come to the fore. This tendency is also revealed by dual writing that applies metaphor and metonymy simultaneously. Their poems provides symbolic window into the fact that feminine writing is evolving into another phase, considering that they are exploring their own identities through language that cannot be defined and through inconsistency between speaker and object. It is no wonder that there is a controversy swirling over whether it represented the writing that transcends existing dichotomous boundaries or what kind of possibilities it would open up for our poems. However, this shows new trends of Korean feminism poems, and at the same time, has important meaning in that it allows us to take new perspective towards our existence here and now.

The aim of this paper is to examine ‘Avant-garde Metaphor’ that has driven a change in Kim Soo Young’s literature since the April 19 Revolution. While this paper builds upon the existing discussions that the poet has been significantly influenced by avant-garde literature such as Surrealism, it seeks to explore how it developed further in the later period. For that purpose, the paper singles out ‘reaction’ and ‘impropriety’ as keywords that dominate the literature of the poet in his late period and analyzed the avant-garde spirit embodied within. In this regard, this paper intends to call these concepts ‘avant-garde metaphors.’ The existing studies failed to reveal a link between the meaning of ‘reaction’ unfolded in his poem, Grand Root, avant-garde characteristics of his ‘avant-garde’ concepts, and the meaning of ‘impropriety’ suggested in the discussions, as they treated them separately. This study develops the premise that the very concepts of ‘reaction’ and ‘impropriety’ are founded on the avant-garde in terms of art history and Kim Soo Young created his own ‘avant-garde’ concepts based upon it. Hence, the paper stresses that while the concepts of ‘reaction’ and ‘impropriety’ originated from the avant-garde, they also play an important role in forming his unique ‘avant-garde’ concepts. It is a precondition of Kim Soo Young’s ‘avant-garde’ concepts that the avant-garde characteristics of literature are indivisible from the issue of political freedom. Again, it is fully reflected in his concept of ‘reaction’. He sets and mobilizes political contexts including dirty history and tradition, ideologies, foreign influence, etc., on the antipode of ‘reaction’ and at the same time, unveils his will to literally overthrow them. It is deemed to be arising from the understanding of Dadaism and Surrealism from the viewpoint of art history and knowledge. Therefore, the concept of ‘reaction’ presents the spirit of Kim Soo Young’s own avant-garde to overcome the political frustration of the May 16 coup. In other words, his ‘reaction’ spirit stemming from anti-artism of Dadaism does not just cease at poetic technique but also can be seen as the result of an attempt to recover the social-transformative functions of literature. The notion evolves even more with the concept of ‘impropriety’. Sometimes, Kim Soo Young used an expression such as ‘avant-garde impropriety’, which accentuates the fact that the very concept is underpinned by the spirit of avant-garde that refuses the existing order and the established power. In the sense, it can be viewed that the concept of ‘impropriety’ may also imply avant-garde metaphor. Closely intertwined with the violation of social taboos, ‘impropriety’ is adopted as a metaphor that represents the confrontational status between literature and society. The concept can be said to be a case in point: the avant-garde spirit transforms itself against the social context of Korea. As such, as Kim Soo Young broached metaphors reflecting avant-garde spirit through ‘reaction’ in his poems and ‘impropriety’ in his writings, it can be said that it ushered in the possibility of independent avant-garde literature in Korea.

This thesis considered physical phenomenology of olfactory image appeared in poems in 80’s as basis of awareness logic and then, aimed to discover the meaning by applying olfactory social‧cultural theory on the basis. Olfactory sense can be a code to diagnose not only an individual but also society and culture in Korean poem history responding to history and reality. Consciousness process of respective senses in physical phenomenology is similar but different mental characteristics are shown depending on which part of brain is stimulated by perceived sense. Generally, research from sensible viewpoint and research from olfactory viewpoint can sometimes be interpreted in common context between them but there is an aspect which can be explained from the olfactory viewpoint only. Social‧cultural phenomena in the 80’s as olfactory feature are summarized as follows; First, olfactory sense from olfactory image of poems in the 80’s was conscientized as political resistance and people’s smell. It becomes metaphor as ‘scent’ showing resistance between social classes, ‘blood smell’ and ‘stench’ showing resistance between sexual classes. It can be said that if people’s smell was olfactory metaphor criticizing new army group or capitalists in the 80’s, smell to resist female identity was olfactory metaphor prescribing female social status in the 80’s. Such olfactory metaphor indicated status and awareness of social weaker parties whose human rights were infringed by political circle and capitalists. Second, olfactory sense from olfactory image of poems in the 80’s was conscientized as industrialization and capitalism smell. It becomes metaphor as ‘wastewater’ criticizing olfactory ideology of industrialized society and as ‘fictional scent’ worrying materialization of human presence and existence. If smell due to industrialization was criticism of infringement and destruction of people, smell processed by materialization attribute was olfactory sense worrying materialization of human presence and existence. Such olfactory metaphor indicated that industrialization and material civilization changed people’s original physical phenomenon and mental phenomenon. It means that pursuit as social existence threats biological existence. Like above, such civilization smell which mattered people’s smell, industrialization, social phenomenon of capitalism making resistance between classes as metaphor is characteristic of olfactory sense in the 80’s. The fact that olfactory sense did not well appear from the cultural viewpoint is also its characteristic. This was because it concentrated on side effect owing to capitalism expansion rather than problem between social classes was the issue in the 80’s. It can be said that it showed how artificial pursuit of excessive sociological existence transformed biological existence and how it destroyed human spirit and body.

Koreans tend to accept negative emotion or behaviors rather than resolving these phenomena. As a result of this, the negativeness deteriorates the way of thinking and behaviors, and it become intensified itself. The purpose of this research is to find a measure that helps people maintain the power of positive thought and their emotion; Furthermore, this research aims to discover the model that converts irrational emotive behavior into the rational emotive behavior by combining the Freudian theory of Personality, the theory of Gestalt psychology, schema vs automatic thoughts from Beck’s cognitive therapy, and ‘A model’ of ABC model which derived from Albert Ellis theories of rational emotive behavior therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. The process of a new model derives from Ellis’s Cognitive behavioral therapy that promotes positive emotions and behaviors by fixing the irrational way of thinking. The detailed process is as follows. First, Analysis of structures of picture books has been implemented in order to find the most appropriate structure that facilitates conversion of the rational way of thinking. The key purpose was to see whether or not the picture book with texts has an positive effect on changing into the rational way of thinking. Second, Analysis of texts was conducted based on Ellis’ABC model. Once an event occurred, the fact that the event happened cannot be changed; however, your interpretation of the event is alterable. In general, people believe that the event has an influence on emoting and behaviors. In fact, the way of thinking takes an important part in forming your emotion and behavior. For instance, the rational thinking results in positive emotion and behaviors, whereas irrationality brings about negative emotion and behaviors. The principle described above was taken into account in the process of the analysis.

In this study consider the invisibleman motif seen in contemporary novel focusing on the fantasy and features of modern society. The “high-voltage lines” of Kim Young-ha shows that you to be invisible If you desire the things like ‘Love’. This novel shows the appearance of individual in the late capitalist society, all to be replaced by production value. The “invisible man” of Song Gyeong-a is summoned fantastic character who looks into the inner. This novel shows the violence of contemporary society to impose transparency, thereby showing interesting symptom of a desire for communication break. Finally, the “Invisibleman” of Son Hong-gyu shows the appearance of family in the contemporary society that father figure is gradually going to disappear, through the deconstruction of reality and unreality. In addition this novel is symbolizing solidarity of anxiety leading to the father and the son by seizing precisely the psychological change of his son. Thus, In the fantasy novels of the 1990s it is drawn invisibleman show the appearance of ‘punishment’ and ‘symptoms’ rather than representation of ‘desire’ and ‘ability’. Besides the invisibleman motif is implied the fact that ‘can not escape’ from the actual world.