Earticle

복합적이고양가적이며진폭이큰이효석문학은극단적인평가를받아왔 다. 서구취향, 유미주의, 서정성과낭만적요소, 마르크시즘, 에로티즘등일관되 지않는그의문학세계는양쪽진영에서인정받지못했고이러한논란은지금까 지이어져왔다. 본고는소설중심으로분석되고있는 선행연구에서벗어나비 소설류 텍스트에 나타난 작가의식과 이효석이 추구했던 문학관과 소설창작기 법을 고찰하였다. 이효석에게중요한문학적요소는풍토, 기후, 육체, 습속등의환경이기에 자신의삶자체를서구생활양식으로바꿀정도로서구근대문학에대한열망을 드러냈다. 그에게메주문학, 버터문학, 어른문학, 국민문학, 애욕문학등은환경 적요인에비롯된것이고, 어느한 사상, 한 방향, 한주조, 한 시대만의 문학을 강조하는것은무지와오만이라고항변하였다. 또한작가들은각각의존재이유 가 있기에 다양하고 다채로운 작품의 출현이 필요한 열린 문학을 지향하였다. 도시문학, 서정문학, 계급문학, 애욕문학, 일본어문학등 일관성이없고진폭이 큰그의문학세계는양자를내포통일하고융합하려는문학관의결과였다. 작가 에게좋은문학이란 주제의식과예술성, 낭만과리얼, 묘사와심리, 현실적객관 과심리적해부, 진실의전달과진실의표현, 현실의식과미의식등양자가내포 된통일미를형상화하는것이다. 그에게미의식과예술적기교는포기할 수없 는 근대문학의 특질이었기에 리얼리즘과 모더니즘을 양립하는 문학을 추구했 다. 그러나 이분법적 기준에서 벗어나 변증법적으로 지양했던 이효석 문학은 식민지상황이라는특수한조건속에서현실인식을희석시키거나모호한결과 를 낳았다. 작중인물유형에서는 청년, 여성, 룸펜지식인이 주로 등장하며 ‘쭉정이’로 표상되는인간혐오를내포하고있지만시대의고통과인간의추함을소설창작 으로 극복할 정도로 일생동안 문학에 대한 애착과 열정을 보였다. 기성세대가 지닌 전근대적인삶을비판하는작가는젊은이의성과사랑, 욕망을소재로성 숙과 발육과정을 그린 성장소설적 특징을 지닌다. 하나의 상품이자 근대성의 상징인거리의여성은교양미와관능미를모두지닌엥겔스걸이나카페여급이 다. 역사, 시대, 시간보다는지리와공간에비중을둔이효석은안온하고안정된 장소가불가능한식민지현실에서강렬한토포필리아를드러냈다. 그는각각의 장소에관념을불어넣고자신이지향하는주제의식을표출했다. 이효석문학은 이분법적인 기준을해체하고 양가적인 요소를작품 속에 투영하였으며돈, 성, 외모, 육체에기반한자본주의근대의권력양상을해부했다는점에서동시대적 의미를 지니고 있다.

Lee Hyo-seok's literature has been subjected to ambivalent assessments due to its interpretations inclined toward either the former or latter period, urban or rural novels, realism or modernism, and eroticism or orientation toward the West. This study set out to investigate Lee's literary viewpoints and creative methodologies that he sought after based on his nonfiction texts. Lee was born in Bongpyeong, Gangwon Province and graduated from the Gyeongseong Imperial University in the department of English literature. Being a professor and author that taught literature at a university, he left various experimental works reacting to the cruel reality of the Japanese rule based on his ample knowledge and theories of literature. He created a complex and hybrid literary world under the influence of Japanese professors during his college years, Marxism that was dominant in the literary circles, his research on Synge, an Irish playwright that was the topic of his dissertation, and Western writers such as Chekhov, Mansfield and Dostoevski. Stressing that literature required all of its elements including any materials, ideas, and thematic consciousness based on imagination and artistry, Lee established diverse, multicultural and contemporary literary viewpoints. Believing that environments and situations were factors of creative production and that an author could create literature that would smell like a block of fermented soybeans or butter, he westernized his lifestyle including food and clothing culture in order to create modern literature. Thundering at writers that tried to avoid love and lust materials, he made complaints about the interpretations that regarded his literature as eroticism. To him, modern Western literature was sensual, human body smell or youth literature based on Hellenism. He placed as big importance on artistic techniques, aesthetic consciousness, and poetic atmosphere as thematic consciousness that was critical of reality. Encompassing all of dream and reality, life and poetry, romance and facts, truth and joy, poetic turn of mind and prose spirit, description, and psychology, his literature was criticized for the lack of consistency and the absence of grip on reality and historical consciousness. Represented by "empty heads of grain," his hatred against people was reflected on the types of his characters. He displayed his preference for places, projecting his ideas into such spaces as the cafe Tong, Jueul Hot Spring, Vladivostok and Harbin. Defining "pure realism" as literature to ensure both thematic consciousness and artistry, Lee laid a foundation for his literary viewpoints based on his literary theories and knowledge and created his own original creative world through his experimentation and concern with them in his works. These findings indicate that his literary viewpoints and novel construction methods deconstructed dichotomous elements through nonfiction materials and contained, unified, and put together both of them. In addition, his works hold such literary values as diversity, multiculturalism, and contemporaneity as they dissected the power patterns of a modern society based on money, sex, and appearance.

문학 교육에서 라이트노벨에 관한 연구는 미미하지만 그러나 문학과 독 서 교육의 책임자로서 국어 교사들의 라이트노벨에 대한 이해는 필요하다. 라이트노벨은 이미 청소년 문화에 깊숙이 자리 잡고 그 영향력을 더하고 있기 때문이다. 더욱이『췌장』은 청소년들에게 폭발적 인기를 얻고 있는 작품 중 하나로, 청소년의 성찰과 성장을 주제로 한다는 점에서 라이트 (light)하지 않는 사유를 담고 있다는 평가를 받는다. 청소년은올바른자아정체성확립의필요성이대두되는시기이다. 그러므 로자아정체성교육은국어교과를포함한모든교과에서필수적으로이루어 져야한다. 문학작품은자신을성찰하게한다는점에서문학교육에서의자아 정체성교육은 그의미를더한다. 소재의 혐오성, 지나친환상성등의 문제점 을안고있지만『췌장』은타인과의관계맺기와죽음에의직면을통해올바 른자아정체성을형성하는청소년의성장을다룬다는점에서교사의적절한 여과 장치를 통해 자아 정체성 교육의 제재로서 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

In literature education, the study of Light-Novel is minimal, but as the director of literature and reading education, understanding of light novel by Korean language teachers is needed. That's because Light-Nobel is already deeply entrenched in youth culture and adds to its influence. Moreover, 『The pancreas』is gaining explosive popularity among teenagers. It is also considered that the theme of youth reflection and growth is not a light idea. Adolescents are a time when they need to establish a proper identity. Therefore, self-identity education must be done in all subjects. Literature makes you reflect on yourself. Light-Nobel has a problem of material abhorrence and excessive fantasy. But it will be used as a sanction for identity education as it is the subject of youth growth.

기형도의시는비애의지점에있다. 그비애는통상의가난과아버지의부 재로 설명할 수 없는 양상으로 드러난다. 본고는 그 비애가 기형도가 유년을 함께했던 누이의 비통한 죽음과 연계되어 있다는 점에 주목하였다. 그리고 그 슬픔의근저에 대한프로이드 심리학, 대상관계이론, 이상심리학등을중심으 로하는정신분석학적고찰을통하여비극적인세계관과부정성, 남성으로특정 되어나타나는시적대상등기형도시가가지고있는독특한양상을규명하였 다. 시인기형도는 누이의 비통한죽음과 관련하여〈여성성〉에 대한도저한 죄의식을 형성하게 되었으며 여성에 대한 죄의식은 여성을 성적인 대상에서 제외시키는 결과를 가져왔다. 그것은 기형도의 시들이 취하고 있는 대상들이 사물을제외하면남성으로특정되어나타난다는점에서확인할수있었다. 동시 에초자아에의해의도된대상으로서의〈남성성〉은결과적으로자아-이질적 성적지향(Ego-dystonic sexual orientation)의 양상과유사한 결과를 보여주며 필연적으로 혼란스러운 부정적 세계관과 연결되는 메커니즘을 형성하고 있음 을 확인할 수 있었다. 가난에기초를둔기존의연구경향이기형도에앞서 시대를읽은것이라 면본고는 기형도그자체의의미구조를읽었다는점에서의미가있다고 본다.

Gi Hyeong-do’s poems is at the point of grief, which is revealed as an aspect that can not be explained by normal poverty and absence of father. This paper take notice that the sadness is linked to the bitter death of the sister who had been with her childhood. And through psychoanalytic considerations about the basis of the sadness centering on Freud psychology, object relation theory, and ideal psychology , the tragic worldview, negativity, and poetic objects identified as men also identified the unique aspects of the poem. He formed a sense of guilt for "femininity" in relation to the sister's bitter death, and guilt for women resulted in the exclusion of women from sexual objects, which could be confirmed in that the objects taken by deformed poets were identified as men except for objects. The existing tendency of poverty-based research is not a study of Gi Hyeong-do, but a study of the times. This paper is meaningful in that it is a study of the semantic structure of Gi Hyeong-do itself.

이연구에서는조사오류에대한교사의명시적인피드백과학습자의목표 문법에 대한 인지 강화를 위한 출력 과제 수행을 통해 한국어 초급 학습자의 조사 사용의 정확성을 강화하고자 하였다. 교수 방안의 절차는 학습자의 발표 준비, 조사오류에대한교사의명시적피드백과조사사용의정확성요구, 학습 자의 피드백수용, 학습자의 출력 과제수행인 4단계의 절차로 진행하였다. 교 수·학습 후 교육적 효과를 알아보기 위해 사전 오류와 사후 오류를 조사하여 비교분석하였다. 분석결과, 사전오류에비해사후오류가현저히감소하였다. 오류유형별결과는대치, 첨가, 누락오류에는효과적이었으나, 형태오류에는 효과적이지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to find a teaching method that can strengthen accuracy in the use of particles though the teacher's explicit feedback on particle errors and student's output task for consciously noticing target grammar. The study has a four-step procedure: preparing presentation, teacher's explicit feedback on particle errors and demand for consciously noticing of particle accuracy, student's acceptance of feedback, and performing output task. To judge the effect of the study, the particle error rate from pre-test and post-test were then recorded and analysed. The results are as follows: Firstly, particle errors of the students are reduced. In addition, this method had a positive effect on replacement, addition, and omission errors except form errors.