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A study on the application of focus on form(FonF) in Korean as a Foreign Language Woo, Hyeong-shik The purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics of the focus on form(FonF), and discuss how the FonF has been applied in grammar education of Korean as a foreign language(KFL). The FonF takes a serious view of integrating the form, meaning and function of grammatical items for appropriate communication in real context. So, FonF has been called as a teaching method in pursuit of accuracy and fluency for the target language. This study in KFL with FonF might include: First, there are many methodical techniques in FonF, but a few of them have been applied in KFL; input enhancement, input processing, recast, dictogloss etc. Second, some grammatical forms and categories have been noticed; adnomial ending, indirect quotation marker, derivative passive, past tense, irregular conjugation, modality, particle etc. Third, the various tasks have been applied for language acquisition; reading materials, listening and selecting, picture test, restructuring of materials and speaking etc. But a lot of problems are left, for example short lesson program, limited selection of forms, and intentional teaching model. So, we have to make up for weakness in forward research of FonF in KFL.

이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 1학년 발달 특성에 적합한 한글 교육 방안으로 놀이중심의한글교육을탐구하는데있다. 놀이학습이란학생들이일상생활에 서즐기는다양한놀이를수집, 재구성하여학습목표에맞게의도적으로 체계 화한교수학습형태이다. ‘놀이중심한글교육’은놀이학습을한글교육에적용 하려는 시도로 국어과 교과서나 지도서의 활동, 입학 초기 적응 활동, 기존의 자발적 놀이 활동을 한글 해득과 관련된 학습 목표와 연계시켜서 의도적으로 체계화한 것이다. 놀이 중심 한글 교육의 효과는 학습자의 발달 특성에 맞다는 점, 서로 다른 수준의학습자도즐겁게활동할수있다는점, 학습동기와흥미를유발시켜학 생이적극적으로수업에참여하게한다는점, 다양한언어기능들을통합시킨다 는점, 자아존중감과긍정적인학습태도를형성한다는점이다. ‘놀이중심한글 교육’의조건은첫째, 학습자특성면에서초등학교1학년시기에흥미와즐거움 을느끼며할수있는놀이형성의요소가있어야한다. 둘째, 학습내용면에서 는한글교육에기여하는활동이어야한다. 셋째, 활용면에서는다양한수준의 학습자가 참여 가능하게 하여 수준별 한글 수업 운영에 기여해야 한다. 이연구에서는놀이중심한글교육에서가능한학습활동형태를‘놀이요소’ 와 ‘한글 교육 요소’의 두 가지 준거로 범주화하였다. 놀이 요소는 조작 활동, 우연·행운, 신체 활동, 사회적상호작용으로범주화하고 세부유형을설정하였 다. 한글교육요소는한글문해준비도, 음운인식, 글자소리대응지식, 해독, 어휘력, 글자 쓰기, 유창성의7개영역으로 나누고 영역별놀이 활동의 특징을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this article is to explore play-oriented Hangeul education as a suitable way for the characteristics of the first grade of elementary school. Play-oriented Hangeul Education refers to a form of teaching and learning that is intentionally organized according to the Hangeul learning goals by collecting and reconstructing various children’s games. The effects of play-oriented Hangeul education are appropriate to the characteristics of learners' development, the activities that learners at different levels can enjoy, the motivation to actively participate in classes, the integration of various language functions, and the formation of self-respect and a positive learning attitude. The conditions for play-oriented Hangeul education should be first, in terms of learner characteristics, there should be interesting play elements. Second, it should contribute to Hangeul education in terms of learning content. Third, in terms of utilization, various levels of learners should be able to participate in Korean language classes. Consequently, the playing types of Hanguel learning were categorized into two criteria: play and Hangeul education elements. Play elements were categorized into operating activities, coincidental and lucky, physical activities and social interactions. Hangeul education elements were divided into seven areas: Hangeul literacy preparation, phonetic recognition, knowledge of responding to letter sounds, decoding, vocabulary, writing, and fluency.

This thesis searches for the possibility of recovering true human nature and the ecosystem broken down by modern civilization in women's poems showing an ecofeminist world view. It is based on the works of Moon Chung-Hee, Jeong Ggeut-Byeol, Na Hee-Deok, and Kim Seon-Woo. Ecofeminism urges women to reflect on the relationship between nature and herself as a main subject and to show the values of life and new environmental virtues. Especially as women who give birth, women restore the values of interactive lives and reestablish the relationship between nature and humans by raising an objection to seeing nature as an objectified nature. These poems show the reality of women as socially weak persons through the author's own experience and world view. They also show their will to overcome it. In their poems we can find the morals of equality and coexistence that ecofeminism strives for from a more positive viewpoint. Moon Chung-Hee realized the restoration of nature and womanhood in two ways. One is to perceive the original trait of humans and nature as sacred. The other is to see the relationship of man and woman not as opposing forces but as a balance for each other. With this she aims at the restoration of human nature to live peacefully together. By equating the essence of nature with motherhood, Jeong Ggeut-Byeol seeks hope for the future in the life force of motherhood and wishes for the wounds of the past to be healed in it. Her maternity is a revolving one which is more concerned in the greatness of curing and restoring rather than in accusing the tainted ideas of motherhood. This tolerance and love are the main impetus for leading us to a progress with hope in an era of dispair and conflict. Na Hee-Deok's poems also strive for the coexistence of all things with mothers' eyes. However, her motherhood is not a victim or an abstract one but the core of life, which differs from Jeong Ggeut-Byeol's one. Kim Seon-Woo has changed the stereotype of a woman's body in a new definition of maternity. It contains not only life but also pleasure. She seeks a world that does not distinguish between life and pleasure. This wisdom of coexistence achieved by the individual's volunteer action will be a main alternative for changing the real world deserted by competition. The future for modern poems must be bright, for these women poets' aims for the ecofeminism is a great force to endure conflicts in the twenty first century.

지시는 의사소통을 위한 행위로 맥락 속에서 중요하게 작용한다. 지금까지 의 지시에 대한 연구는 직시와 대용으로 이루어졌다. 하지만 직시와 대용의 개념과 용어 설정에 혼란이 있어서 연구를 어렵게 만들었다. 다양한 견해 중 에서 본고에서는 지시 아래에 직시와 대용이 있다는 견해로 대명사와 수사의 직시와 대용에 대해 논의하였다. 직시는 발화 장면에 따라서 언어표현의 의미나 지시의 대상에 차이가 생 기는 것을 말한다. 대용은 언어 맥락 내에서 앞에 언급된 대상을 다시 지시하 는 현상이라고 할 수 있다. 그러므로 직시는 상황 지시성을 가지고, 대용은 문맥 지시성을 가진다. 직시가 대상이 같아도 상황에 따라서 다른 표현으로 쓰일 수 있음을 의미 할 때 직시의 구체적 대상이 있는가의 여부가 중요하다. 반면 문맥 지시성의 특성을 가지는 대용은 앞의 문장이나 발화에서 이미 언급하거나 뒤에 나올 내용을 먼저 언급하기 위해서 대신 사용하는 것을 의미한다. 대명사의 경우에는 직시 용법에서 구체적 상황 맥락이 주어지고, 상황에 따라서 지시 대상이 결정된다. 이 때 지시의 기준은 보통 ‘나, 지금, 여기’가 된다. 반면 대명사의 대용은 언어 맥락에서 언급된 사물을 지시하는 메타 언 어적 현상이라고 할 수 있다. 특히 대명사의 대용은 의존명사와 비교할 수 있 는데, 의존명사는 직시가 없고 대용이 있는 반면 대명사는 직시와 대용이 모 두 있다. 수사의 경우는 대상을 가리킨다는 점에서는 대명사와 비슷하다. 하지만 수사의 경우 지시하는 대상이 발화된 맥락 전반에서 고려되어야 하는데 이러한 점은 단위성 의존명사와 비슷하다. 수사는 수를 나타내는 의미가 고정되어 있기 때문에 상황에 따라서 가리키는 대상이 달라질 수 있다는 것에서 직시 가 있다고 볼 수 있다. 수사의 대용에는 대명사나 의존명사와는 차이가 있는 데 이 또한 수사가 가지고 있는 수량과 순서의 의미로 생긴 것이다. 지금까지는 대명사와 수사의 차이점을 직시 표현의 유무로 제시하였다. 대 명사에는 직시가 있지만 수사에는 직시가 없다는 의견이 지배적이다. 하지만 직시의 개념이 상황 맥락을 고려했을 때 표현이 가리키는 대상의 해석을 중 시해야 한다고 재정립된다면 수사에도 직시가 있다고 파악할 수 있다. 그러 나 수사에 직시가 있어도 그 용법에 차이가 있으므로 여전히 직시와 대용은 대명사와 수사를 구별해주는 하나의 기준이 될 수 있다.

Reference is an act of communication that is important in context. The research on the references so far has been made by dexis and anaphora. however, confusion in the concept and terminology of dexis and anaphora has made research difficult. among the various points of view, this paper discussed pronoun and numeral with the view that there are dexis and anaphora under reference. Dexis means that the meaning of language expression or the object of dexis vary depending on the scene of speech. anaphora is the phenomenon of re-directing the aforementioned object within the context of language. It is important to know whether there is a specific object even if the object is the same, but it can be used in different expressions depending on the situation. On the other hand, anaphora with the context-reference means using it instead to refer to the contents already mentioned or later in the previous sentence or speech. In the case of pronouns, when the specific usage context is given in direct usage, the target of the reference is decided according to the situation. in this case, the standard of dexis is 'I, now, here'. on the other hand, anaphora of pronouns can be said to be a meta-linguistic phenomenon that refers to things mentioned in the linguistic context. Numeral is similar to pronouns in that they refer to subjects. In the case of numeral, however, the subject to be refered should be considered throughout the spoken context, which is similar to a unit-attached noun. Since the numeral is fixed in the meaning of the number, it can be seen that there is a dexis that the target point may vary depending on the situation. there are differences in anaphora of numeral and dependent nouns, which also come from the meaning quantity and order of the numeral. the difference between pronouns and numeral is presented with or without dexis expression. however, in the process of redefining the concept of dexis, if the importance of the interpretation of the object indicated by the context is taken into account, It can be said that the numeral also has a dexis. even if there is dexis of numeral, there is a difference in its usage. therefore, dexis and anaphora can still be criterion that distinguishes pronouns from numeral.

The purpose of this study is to seek directions in Korean listening education for foreigners through analyzing the effects of question types and listening strategy use on listening comprehension of Korean. This study investigated three subjects: the effect of question types on listening comprehension of Korean; the difference between high-level students and low-level students according to three classified question types; the effect of listening strategy on listening comprehension of Korean. The data was collected from 45 students learning Korean in Korea University Language Center, and it was analyzed through multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance. The results of the research are as follows. First, the difference between high-level students and low-level students was significant depending on the question types in listening comprehension. High-level students received better scores than low-level students in all three types. The score of intensive listening was the highest, and the score of response listening was the lowest in every level. Second, listening strategies did not affect listening grades greatly, but effects of some listening strategies were significant on listening comprehension. This study provides important implications needed for Korean listening education for foreigners.

The purpose of this paper was to propose reasonable improvement measures by investigating current use of loan words and foreign language in broadcasting. For that, we conducted discussion after examining current use of both loan words and foreign language in 18 dramas that had been put on the airwaves by 3 terrestrial channels and 4 cable TV channels over the last 5 months. For loan words, we suggested that refined words, if any, should be used based on naturalness on one hand and revised or complemented on the other hand. For foreign language, we proposed alternative indigenous Korean expressions if there were any available Korean words that could replace foreign words, phrases, and sentences naturally. For expressions used to describe new objects in loan words and foreign language, expressions that reflected sociocultural phenomenon, and idiomatic expressions that could be shared with the public, we presented a method for excluding such expressions from restriction or lowering the management threshold.

이 연구의 목적은 ‘한 학기 한 권 읽기’에 관한 교사의 인식과 실행 양상을 살펴보는 데 있다. ‘한 학기 한 권 읽기’에 관한 ‘도입 및 취지, 운영 및 지원의 실제, 기대및가능성’이라는3가지항목을 중심으로질문을만들고, 이를활용 하여 ‘한 학기 한 권 읽기’를 직접 운영한 경험이 있는 초등학교 교사 9명과 면담하였다. ‘인식’ 영역의 ‘한 학기 한 권 읽기’의 도입 및 취지에 관해서는 대부분 교 그 취지에도 동감하였고 교육과정 도입에 대해서도 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. ‘실행’ 영역의‘운영및지원의실제’와관련해서‘한학기한권읽기’를운영하는 방식은연구참여자가근무하는학교실태에 따라달랐다. 대부분은같은학년 을중심으로운영되었고‘한학기한권읽기’를준비하는과정에서동료교사와 함께협의하는모습을보였으며, ‘한학기한권읽기’ 운영을위한도서선택권 은학생이아닌교사들이가지고있는것으로나타났다. ‘한학기한권읽기’를 운영하면서 어려웠던 점으로는 ‘운영 방법의 어려움’이었는데, 이는 2018년에 도입된교육과정이라처음접한교사들이많고, ‘한 학기한권 읽기’와 관련된 사례나 연구 및 연수가 부족한 것이 가장 큰 이유였다. 이를 바탕으로 하여 ‘한 학기 한 권 읽기’ 운영에 대해 몇 가지 제언을 하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, ‘한 학기 한 권 읽기’ 운영에 관한 다양한 사례가 보급되고 공유될필요가있다. 둘째, ‘한학기한권읽기’를지원할수있는‘교사학습공동 체’를 만들고 활성화 해야 한다. 셋째, 교육과정 실행 연구를 통해 ‘한 학기 한 권읽기’가‘독서단원’이라는특화단원성격으로초등학교국어교과서에별도 의내용으로존속될가치가있는지수업실행을통해검증하고, 차기교육과정 개발 과정에 피드백해야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the teacher's perception and practice of 'reading a book a semester'. Experience in creating a question centered on three items such as 'practice, expectation and possibility of introduction and purpose, operation and support' regarding 'reading one book per semester', and utilizing it to directly operate 'reading one book per semester' I interviewed 9 elementary school teachers. Regarding the introduction and purpose of “Reading a book per semester” in the “Awareness” area, most of them agreed with the purpose of the school and also responded positively to the introduction of the curriculum. The method of operating “reading a book per semester” in relation to the “practice of operation and support” in the “practice” area differed depending on the school conditions in which the study participants worked. Most of them were run around the same grade level, and in the process of preparing for 'reading a book a semester', they were shown to consult with fellow teachers. It appears to have. The difficulty of operating 'Reading a book per semester' was 'Difficult to operate'. This is a curriculum introduced in 2018. The lack of training was the main reason. Based on this, some suggestions for the operation of “Reading a book per semester” are as follows. First, it is necessary to disseminate and share various cases related to the operation of “Reading a book per semester”. Second, we need to create and activate a 'teacher learning community' that can support 'reading a book a semester'. Third, through the curriculum execution research, verify whether 'reading a book per semester' is a special unit called 'reading unit', and verify whether it is worth persisting as a separate content in the elementary school Korean textbook through class execution, and develop the next curriculum development process You will have to feedback on.

This writing is related to planning to closely look at ‘Writing with body’ of female poem, being grafted into thoughts of the East and West. Existing studies dealt with female poems, depending on theories of the West so that it seems that another study about female poem is necessary. First of all, recent female poems are characterized by non-specialization of area of woman’s nature. The study read poems written by Kim Haeng-sook and Jin Eun-yeong, harmonizing ‘Body without organs’ told by Deleuze with Laotzu’s way of Thinking. ‘Body’ shown in poems written by Kim Haeng-sook becomes one with material in shapelessness. Poetic subject is ‘me as a partial object without I’ which includes différent. This embodies desire of the poet who intends to be a subject of change in the midst of changed environment. This corresponds to ‘body without organs’, ‘truth’ which aim at Different thing- becoming through inward connection and relation. Metonymic writing accompanied here is related to thinking based on inaction - such thinking does not give name for object. Poems of Jin Eun-yeong are disclosed in part of body coexisted with things. This as inward image of the poet corresponds to ‘place of immanence’ or meaning of truth. This is also similar to development method of poems written by Kim Haeng-sook. But Jin Eun-yeong does not indicate object as ‘me’. It seems that the narrator takes attitude to listen the voice of object outside poems and then record it. This is an another trial to recognize self-otherness which occupies a point in the dimension of body, time and space, and changes. As a result, this accompanies writing of synecdoche that put metaphor upon metonymy. This is related to ethic of ramble. The poems symbolically show that female poems are moving to another stage, trying writing of creating new meaning.

Want to read the text as the title of this cover that in view of the implementation of a single post made ​​by the author of the dream, the novel is, as one example of a dream “guunmong”. This will be the most recognizable aspects of the dream motif is a novel opportunity to borrow a full understanding of the text as well. Chapter 1 is repeated nine kinds of poison troubled dream implies beginning, clashing, the reversal of the dream. Start of Dreams Anima is presented in a civil voice call invitation to ‘Labyrinth’ and the main character. From third parties, or receive as a harmonious and society through the steps required to implement and that unity and relationship to internal self-IS LOST anima in a task that is required to be distressful dock meeting sukgwa are met. But dreams are frustrated at the continuous and unexpected encounters with people who repeatedly kicked a getaway, costs clashing step aside as a dream becomes a complicated situation. The movement of unconscious psychological compensation for receiving citizens dream of being chased by the mob repeatedly hoping to judgment. The induction beoteonagil a spectator attitude for a period of time and people had to reserve judgment and LOST own personal inner reflection and guilt to a specific defect in the attitudes, ie. The social mask as he treats the social and age pereujona attitude taken by the citizens of the bladder. The more secured the self pereujona the other person to react to it, the unconscious anima becomes even more bidaehaejyeo ego craves for Anima is more intense. Celebrates the reversal of the situation in the sixth clashing dream dreams. The expansion in the direction lean crave Min-Min Sook Elena direction to crave well. Mothayeo recognize both the ladies and meeting reservations, and repeat ‘tremendous crush’ the Min nine dream, and it is shown as one of the Revolutionary toward people called substitution. Section 2 presents and to delay the ending part of a reorganization to censor dream consciousness is inserted. Hwanchi a company is in Chapter 1 is a pity transcript confused dream eye view will be the owner of Sober gimyonggil Dr. reason. This time is replaced by ‘faceless narrator’ talking the pain of death and age as a member beyond a one-to-one correspondence between the signifier and the group, citizens carcass. This is an expression of the collective unconscious, and uncovering the individual is no longer evident in the special inner circle of pain and despair, but also a symbol of rejuvenation and spring are born with the metabolism of the Nursing Department to identify with the sacrifice of his body, the 4.19 Revolution son. The last three chapters are given the ending of the dream to meet civil and bowed. The results of the maze acts as a combination of individual and age really pereujona and Anima, conscious and unconscious, wandering to find the Min Sook, a kiss of these. Can be interpreted as the lovers came to see this movie cause he Shipbuilding> the historical devastation and disorder characterized Province Seoul 1960. Will be established at this point of time contemplating the view as history interspersed despair and pain. But you can see that the artistic expression of hope experienced the pain was the situation after the last wish it to be overcome is the point of civil and time indicated in Chapter 3, when this work was presented to the union and the deliberative yeoteum 1960 historical contemplation. Such a transformation in the collective unconscious and was lurking round, integration of conscious and unconscious, unconscious of the individual experiencing the contemporary chaos, “guunmong” chapter each aspect of the dream - the implications blend self-realization via the contemplation. In addition, each chapter is reversed to that point viewers to view the old Seoul later to become the victims of political turmoil in the year before suffering a confusing subject object, Min. 1960 The age hardening, and thus the situation is gradually being won by a large variation in the time dream to aid in revealing the confusion and chaos of individual small dreams “guunmong” is.

기형도의시는비애의지점에있다. 그비애는통상의가난과아버지의부 재로 설명할 수 없는 양상으로 드러난다. 본고는 그 비애가 기형도가 유년을 함께했던 누이의 비통한 죽음과 연계되어 있다는 점에 주목하였다. 그리고 그 슬픔의근저에 대한프로이드 심리학, 대상관계이론, 이상심리학등을중심으 로하는정신분석학적고찰을통하여비극적인세계관과부정성, 남성으로특정 되어나타나는시적대상등기형도시가가지고있는독특한양상을규명하였 다. 시인기형도는 누이의 비통한죽음과 관련하여〈여성성〉에 대한도저한 죄의식을 형성하게 되었으며 여성에 대한 죄의식은 여성을 성적인 대상에서 제외시키는 결과를 가져왔다. 그것은 기형도의 시들이 취하고 있는 대상들이 사물을제외하면남성으로특정되어나타난다는점에서확인할수있었다. 동시 에초자아에의해의도된대상으로서의〈남성성〉은결과적으로자아-이질적 성적지향(Ego-dystonic sexual orientation)의 양상과유사한 결과를 보여주며 필연적으로 혼란스러운 부정적 세계관과 연결되는 메커니즘을 형성하고 있음 을 확인할 수 있었다. 가난에기초를둔기존의연구경향이기형도에앞서 시대를읽은것이라 면본고는 기형도그자체의의미구조를읽었다는점에서의미가있다고 본다.

Gi Hyeong-do’s poems is at the point of grief, which is revealed as an aspect that can not be explained by normal poverty and absence of father. This paper take notice that the sadness is linked to the bitter death of the sister who had been with her childhood. And through psychoanalytic considerations about the basis of the sadness centering on Freud psychology, object relation theory, and ideal psychology , the tragic worldview, negativity, and poetic objects identified as men also identified the unique aspects of the poem. He formed a sense of guilt for "femininity" in relation to the sister's bitter death, and guilt for women resulted in the exclusion of women from sexual objects, which could be confirmed in that the objects taken by deformed poets were identified as men except for objects. The existing tendency of poverty-based research is not a study of Gi Hyeong-do, but a study of the times. This paper is meaningful in that it is a study of the semantic structure of Gi Hyeong-do itself.