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This study investigates the psychological effects of traumatic experiences on police officers in South Korea, focusing on the moderating roles of social support and resilience in the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Given the disproportionately high suicide rate among Korean police officers, identifying protective psychological factors is critical. Survey data were collected from 119 police officers in Daegu metropolitan city and some cities of Gyeongsangbuk-do province in Korea. Key constructs—including traumatic experience, PTSD, social support, and resilience—were measured using validated scales. Statistical analyses, including hierarchical moderated regression, reveal that traumatic experience significantly predicted PTSD (β = .300, p < .001, R² = .090). Resilience not only had a significant direct effect (β = .175, p = .013) but also moderated the relationship between trauma exposure and PTSD (interaction β = .420, p = .038, ΔR² = .050), indicating a buffering effect. Although social support showed no significant direct effect (β = .019, p = .790), its interaction with traumatic experience (β = .929, p = .039, ΔR² = .015), suggesting a protective role against PTSD symptoms. These findings provide empirical evidence supporting the integration of resilience-building programs and social support systems into police psychological intervention policies.

One of the ways to create external expressions along with color is color makeup, and in particular, it creates an attractive image depending on the color of lipstick. Lipstick affects the overall impression, creates the most emotional atmosphere, and symbolizes femininity. Research on color preference, color development effect, pigment, and component analysis has been conducted, but research discussing color analysis of lipstick color is insufficient, and the need for this study was raised. We aim to secure competitiveness in the lipstick market, suggest strategic directions for differentiated marketing, and provide accurate color information to consumers to understand their lipstick purchase intentions and behaviors. In order to classify lipstick color types, we analyzed the high-selling Powder Kiss, Powder Kiss Liquid, and Maximal Silky Matte lines based on the official MAC website. The color method was to extract the lipstick color using Adobe Photoshop, measure the L*a*b values, and convert them to H V/C values using Munsell Conversion. Lipstick is not just a simple cosmetic, but is considered an important means of expressing individuality, and many product lines are gaining popularity. It is one of the oldest product groups among beauty products, and unlike in the past when it was exclusive to women, lipstick consumption is steadily increasing as it is becoming an important part for men as well. In future research, we hope to effectively communicate products and brands that meet consumer needs and to systematically and diversely differentiate brand positioning lipstick colors as a more independent area and basic data for cosmetic development.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of athletic emotion on athletic burnout and intention to continue sport participation among Chinese university table tennis players. To achieve this objective, data were collected from Chinese university table tennis players by sharing a questionnaire link online and via email. A total of 500 responses were gathered, and after excluding 50 incomplete or insincere responses, 450 valid responses were selected for final analysis, including 256 males and 194 females. The research instrument used in this study was a questionnaire, which was adapted and revised from previously validated and reliable tools to suit the context of this study. All items were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 in accordance with the study’s analytical objectives. The results obtained through this process are as follows. First, athletic emotion was found to have a partial effect on athletic burnout. Second, athletic emotion was found to have a partial effect on intention to continue sport participation. Third, athletic burnout was found to have a partial effect on intention to continue sport participation.

This study investigates the unique artistic value and cultural meaning of Xun County Mud Gugu within the context of Chinese folk painted clay sculpture, using a multi-dimensional comparative approach. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis between Mud Gugu and seven representative types of Chinese folk clay figurines. We aim to highlight Mud Gugu’s cultural distinctiveness and artistic value within the national intangible cultural heritage framework. To achieve this, we constructed a tripartite analytical model focusing on subject matter and function, historical-cultural context, and visual style and technique. Our unique contribution lies in integrating literature review, fieldwork, and visual analysis to establish a cross- regional comparison framework that has been largely absent in previous research. The results show that Mud Gugu features symbolic animal motifs, ritualistic functional meanings, and a stylized visual language deeply rooted in temple fair traditions of the Central Plains. We argue that this study offers a methodological innovation for evaluating folk clay figurines and underscores the significance of symbolic aesthetics in heritage preservation and regional identity formation.

This study developed strategies for a sustainable, citizen-centered cultural city using Changwon City in South Korea as a case study. Changwon is an industrial city with abundant cultural resources but relatively low levels of citizen cultural participation. To diagnose Changwon’s cultural environment, we established a local cultural indicator system and conducted a comprehensive survey of citizens and cultural practitioners. The analysis revealed that despite strong cultural infrastructure, everyday cultural engagement was limited, highlighting the need for more citizen-centered cultural opportunities. Based on these findings, five key strategies were proposed: citizen-led cultural content discovery, strengthening cultural capabilities, diversifying cultural content, creating cultural spaces, and activating the cultural city. All strategies emphasized citizen governance and leveraged Changwon’s unique regional identity. The Changwon case demonstrated how integrating data-driven analysis with broad citizen input could guide effective and sustainable cultural city development.

As HMDs with passthrough capabilities become more common, it's anticipated that the number of users for spatial computing and mixed reality will increase. This study analyzed the essential factors for spatial content, specifically MR (Mixed Reality) content, based on relevant prior research. Building on this, we had users evaluate an MR game currently under development and conducted indepth interviews to identify factors necessary for future optimization. The research results showed a 50% success rate for the first task, 10% for the second, and 40% for the third. Operability averaged 2.7, and UI intuitiveness averaged 3.4. Despite the low success rates due to control difficulties, users showed high levels of interest and immersion. In in-depth interviews, users indicated that for an MR gaming environment, personalization, graphic improvements, immersion, and simplified controls are necessary factors for optimization. In in-depth interviews, users stated that for MR gaming environments, personalization, graphic improvements, immersion, and simplified controls are crucial for game optimization. This study is significant as it analyzed future development directions and derived practical implications through the analysis of actual user cases of an MR game during its early development stage.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 184 university students aged 20 to 23 years, from university in Jeollanam-do, South Korea. It aimed to examine the relationships between ego identity types (Type A: Diffusion, Type B: Foreclosure, Type C: Moratorium, Type D: Achievement) and FA(fertility intention), PBC(perceived barrier to childbearing), and PILC(perceived identity link to childbearing). Data were collected from December 1 to 15, 2024, and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 through Pearson correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and dummy variable regression. The results showed a strong positive correlation between ego identity and both FI:Fertility Intention (r = .579) and PILC:Perceived Identity Link to Chilbearing (r = .597), while a strong negative correlation was found with PBC:Perceived Barrier to Childbering (r = –.526). FI had a moderate positive correlation with PILC(r = .404). However, Type D showed the lowest level of PBC. Dummy regression analysis further revealed that FI was significantly higher in Type C (β = 0.712, p < .001) and Type D (β = 0.764, p < .001) compared to the reference group (Type A). PBC was significantly lower in Type D (β = –0.674, p < .001), and PILC was highest in Type C (β = 0.967, p < .001). These findings suggest that young adults with clearer ego identity tend to have stronger fertility intentions and social connectedness, but may perceive lower satisfaction in their current lives. The study highlights the need for future fertilityrelated policies to consider the psychosocial characteristics and identity development levels of the younger generation.

This study aimed to develop an education program using a high-fidelity simulator that can be applied during clinical practicums. And this study aimed to verify the positive effect of the program on the knowledge of women's health nursing and critical thinking disposition, and to confirm the satisfaction of the participants. The program using six cases was developed and applied to 39 fourth-year nursing students. The effectiveness of the program was measured before and after the program on knowledge and critical thinking disposition, and the satisfaction was confirmed after the program. Data collection was conducted from February 24 to April 18, 2025. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN PC+ 26.0 program. General characteristics and satisfaction were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality of data was verified using the Kolmogrov-Smirov test, and the effectiveness of the program was analyzed using the paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The educational program using a high-fidelity simulator was found to increase knowledge and critical thinking disposition. And the participants were satisfied with the program. The educational program for women's health nursing using the high-fidelity simulator developed in this study can be easily incorporated into clinical practicum curriculum, enhancing direct nursing experience and improving practice competency.

Child abuse is a physical and psychological abuse of a child and is often caused by parents. Korean parentsoften hit or get angry emotionally under the pretext of teaching children. In the West, this is seen as a crime andit is a process of purifying violence. Criminologists warn that children who have been abused, ignored, andexperienced violence in childhood tend to commit antisocial behavior or psychological crimes in adolescence oradulthood. Abusing a child and causing physical and mental pain and hurt should not be done. In the meantime,parents think that hitting a child is a way of raising and education in Korea. School punishment is still noteradicated, and the military-style culture still remains in universities. Government countermeasures are neededto prevent child crime from occurring by preparing serious discussions and legal measures for child crime. Thispaper is a study on youth abuse. This study acknowledged the reality that youth abuse research requires a newapproach called victimology, and studied the cause analysis and countermeasures for child crime. The results ofthis study were considered to be necessary to conduct qualitative research on psychological characteristics andrecovery processes that were difficult to grasp the investigation of child victims, with limitations in providingadequate qualitative information on the institutional environment surrounding child crime, information on peoplearound them who share daily lives, and the connection between the areas where they live. However, in this study,efforts were needed to overcome the limitations of child crime damage investigation. This study discussed thecauses and countermeasures for child crime.

This study investigated the correlation between nursing students’ basic nursing science grades and their performance in women's health nursing, as well as the impact of basic science learning on major course achievement. The study involved 40 enrolled nursing students in J Province, with data collected from December 10 to December 20, 2024. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 through frequency analysis, Spearman’s nonparametric correlation, and cross-tabulation. The results showed that basic nursing science grades had a very strong positive correlation with women's health nursing grades both before and after the intervention (ρ= .944, ρ = .902, p <.01), indicating that basic science knowledge significantly influences major course achievement. Additionally, a high correlation was observed between pre- and post-intervention grades (ρ=.940, p <.01), confirming consistent academic performance. Notably, students with higher basic science grades demonstrated greater improvements. These findings suggest that basic nursing science learning positively impacts understanding and achievement in major courses, highlighting the need for integrated and strategic alignment of basic science and major subjects in nursing curricula.

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Korean version of the Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS-SF), originally developed by Neff. The instrument was initially tested on a sample of counselors (n=312) and college students (n=202), and subsequently crossvalidated using correctional institution workers (n=180), a group not previously studied with this tool. All subscales of the Korean SCS-SF demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α≥0.52), and showed high correlations with the original full scale (r≥0.94), supporting its convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) found that the Korean version best fit a two-factor model, categorizing items into positive (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness) and negative (over-identification, isolation, self-judgment) dimensions—interpreted in this study as ‘self-acceptance’ versus ‘Self-blame.’ This model suggests consistent and high structural validity across three sample groups. The unique contribution of this study is the multiple validation of the Korean SCS-SF using adult samples of professionals and students, which has not been adequately explored in the Korean context. The author played a central role in both cultural adaptation and empirically establishing structural equivalence of this scale, addressing a significant gap in the literature. The findings indicate that this Koreanized SCS-SF is not only a psychometrically sound scale but also a practical alternative to the original scale. This study provides strong evidence for its applicability to clinical, educational, and workplace settings in S. Korea. This study contributes to cross-cultural psychology by providing a validated, concise measure of self-empathy suitable for both research and practice.

This study aims to analyze how nature-based sensory design is implemented in the BX strategy of luxury hotel brands by integrating biophilia theory and brand experience theory. The comparative cases were Six Senses, which emphasizes sensory immersion, and Park Hyatt, which pursues a restrained sensory strategy. The analytical framework was constructed by combining Peirce’s semiotic theory, sensory UX, and emotional immersion. The findings reveal that Six Senses actively incorporated direct and indirect experiences of natural elements across visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory dimensions to foster emotional brand loyalty, while Park Hyatt achieved static immersion and trust-based loyalty through sensory suppression and spatial control. Importantly, the nature-based sensory design identified in this study differs from conventional luxury hotel design, which has primarily relied on material opulence and decorative aesthetics, in that it directly connects sensory stimulation and emotional immersion to brand philosophy. These results highlight the theoretical and practical implications of sensory-centered branding strategies, the integrated design of biophilia and UX, and the semiotic approach as effective frameworks for developing luxury hotel brand strategies.

This study analyzes the intersection of brand experience (BX) and locality by comparing the global coffee brand Blue Bottle and the domestic brand Terarosa. While previous studies have emphasized the growing importance of sensory design and experiential branding in consumer culture, few have systematically integrated Schmitt’s five BX elements (sense, feel, think, act, relate) with the cultural and spatial dimensions of locality. The purpose of this study is to identify how sensory-based user experience functions as a mediator of brand identity and as a strategic tool for shaping emotional immersion and user behavior within physical spaces. The research is grounded in the understanding that contemporary consumers perceive brands not merely as providers of products or services, but as holistic experiences encompassing emotional, cultural, and spatial engagement. In the context of café branding, spatial design, atmosphere, scent, and service interactions act as key mediators of brand philosophy. Locality, in this sense, extends beyond geography to encompass cultural symbolism, historical identity, and collective memory, thereby playing a crucial role in consumer immersion and emotional resonance. However, its interaction with BX has been insufficiently explored. To address this gap, the study employed a qualitative case study method combining field observation, sensory recording, unstructured interviews, and analysis of brand-generated content. Research sites included Blue Bottle’s Samcheong branch and Terarosa’s Seongsu branch in Seoul, where sensory and spatial elements were systematically documented across diverse temporal and user contexts. The analysis revealed that both brands strategically design sensory UX to strengthen brand identity, but with distinct approaches. Blue Bottle emphasized consistency and refined immersion through restrained aesthetics and global efficiency, using sensory elements as a controlled channel to reinforce global identity. In contrast, Terarosa integrated local narratives and cultural codes through elements such as scent, lighting, materials, and spatial arrangements, thereby fostering long-term stays, emotional bonds, and communitybased immersion. These differences manifested across all five dimensions of BX, confirming that the sequential immersion structure—spanning senses, emotions, cognition, actions, and relationships—is shaped differently according to brand identity and local context. This study expands the theoretical extension of BX research through comparative analysis between Blue Bottle and Teraro, and shows that locality can function as a strategic asset to enhance consumer loyalty and cultural relevance in global and local branding.

This study explored nursing students’ experiences, perceptions, and readiness to use generative AI in education and practice. A survey was conducted with 130 nursing students from two universities in K Province to examine their awareness of AI, usage experience, educational needs, and readiness. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA were used for analysis. Of the students, 70.8% recognized generative AI, and 60.8% had prior experience. While 85.9% expressed a willingness to use AI, only 32.9% were aware of security guidelines. AI readiness differed significantly based on AI awareness (p = .003), experience using AI for assignments (p = .016), and security guideline awareness (p < .001). Additionally, 93.7% perceived a positive impact of AI on nursing education and practice, while 81.9% believed that AI could not replace nurses. These findings highlight the need for structured AI education in nursing curricula, enhanced awareness of security issues, and clear guidelines for AI integration. Future studies should explore the effectiveness of AI in clinical training and address ethical considerations to maximize its benefits in nursing education and practice.

The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends in studies on the resilience of early childhood teachers by conducting a keyword network analysis, and to identify the substructure of research topics within the literature. To achieve this, keywords from 124 journal articles related to teacher resilience published over the past 15 years were selected for analysis The collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis, as well as network density and centrality measures using UCINET. Additionally, keyword network visualization and substructure analysis were conducted with Gephi. The centrality analysis revealed that keywords such as 'Resilience', 'Teacher’, 'Ego-Resilience' and ‘Teacher-Efficacy’ had high degree and betweenness centralities, indicating their central role in the research network. Substructure analysis by community identified four areas: “Psychological resilience and professional competence", "Relational and emotional competence", "Teacher education and brain-based approach" and "Leisure and health factors of teachers”. The largest cluster was identified as “Psychological resilience and professional competence”. This study provides foundational insights for developing effective educational support strategies and guiding future research in the field.

In this study, the mechanical properties of UV-curable polymer thin films were quantitatively analyzed as a function of UV exposure dose. Polymer films with a uniform thickness of 11 μm were coated on silicon wafers and cured under UV doses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.5 J/cm². Mechanical properties such as composite hardness, plastic hardness, and elastic modulus were measured using a nanoindenter manufactured by Helmut Fischer GmbH(Germany), a widely used instrumented indentation tester. The results showed that all mechanical properties increased with higher UV doses, which is attributed to increased cross-linking density within the polymer structure. However, beyond 2.0 J/cm², the rate of hardness increase began to plateau, and signs of over-curing, including slight brittleness, were observed. These findings suggest the importance of optimizing UV exposure conditions. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the mechanical properties of polymer thin films under varying UV doses, contributing to the optimization of curing conditions and material design.

Goesan-gun's population decreased from 2021 to 37,005 as of the end of September 2022, down 2.93% year-onyear (2021). The demographic structure is higher than Chung Buk province (19.6%), the 65-year-old population is the highest among 11 cities and counties, and the total fertility rate is 0.781 in 2021, lower than the nation (0.808) and Chung Buk province (0.949). Among the 11 towns and villages, there are seven medical vulnerable areas that do not have medical institutions at all, and the demand for health care is increasing due to the population decline and the increase of the vulnerable due to the low birth rate and super-aging society, but the gap in medical resources between towns and villages is also widening.With the development of transportation in rural and fishing villages and the popularization of medical information, interest in the health of rural and fishing villages residents and the level of medical care are increasing, it is justifiable to devise a plan for efficient operation of the public health doctor system. We are designed that this paper examined a study on the awareness of 350 residents of Goesan-gun about Health Medical Institutions located in Goesan-gun the concept and supply estimation of public health doctors. This paper identified the general status of Goesan-gun and the actual condition of medical infrastructure using secondary data, and analyzed and designed data collection methods and data by specifying the design of the study and the subject of the study. This study considered that a plan to replace public health doctors that decreases every year should be devised. As can be seen in the case of other local governments, it is necessary to find a way to have ordinary doctors serve. In addition, it is necessary to maximize efficiency by operating as an integrated health center due to a decrease in visits to health institutions. For this study, opinions were heard through literature studies and focus group interviews (FGI) of various groups, and improvements were sought. In addition, a survey was conducted on public health doctors and residents. Literature research has looked at papers related to the public health doctor system, government publications, Internet data, and newspaper data. The overall operation status and problems of the current public health doctor system were derived. Therefore, this study aims to identify the operation status of the public health doctor system due to the decline in public health doctors and suggest improvement measures for public health doctor management and public health doctor system based on the derived problems.

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has reshaped the landscape of visual content creation, enabling individuals to produce high-quality outputs in seconds [2,3]. While traditional visual literacy—centered on interpretation, analysis, and creation—remains essential [1], it is insufficient for navigating AI-integrated creative environments [4]. This study aims to redefine visual literacy competencies for design majors by incorporating AI-era skills into existing educational frameworks [2,5]. Using a three-phase exploratory methodology, the research first analyzed curricula from five leading Korean visual communication design programs, revealing a strong focus on aesthetic and compositional training but limited integration of AI-related competencies [6]. Second, case studies of AI-assisted design projects utilizing Midjourney, Firefly, and DALL·E were conducted with 32 undergraduate participants [3,8]. Third, the results were compared with traditional visual literacy models to develop the Hybrid Visual Literacy Model, which integrates traditional skills with AI-specific competencies [7]. Findings identified three core competencies required in the generative AI era: Interpretive Competence (understanding and analyzing AI-generated imagery [4]), Planning Competence (strategic prompt design to guide outputs [5,6]), and Ethical Critique Competence (evaluating contextual relevance, originality, and ethical implications [7,8]). Quantitative analysis showed significant gains in both traditional and AI-specific skills, with notable improvements in AI Output Evaluation (+38%) and Integration into Coherent Design (+31%) [3]. Qualitative findings highlighted enhanced ideation, critical awareness, and the urgent need for structured ethical guidelines [9,10]. The study concludes that design education must adopt a competency-based approach that integrates AI literacy with traditional training, ensuring that future designers can maintain creative agency, uphold ethical standards, and collaborate effectively with AI technologies [2,7].

1. Background: The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the shift to mobile services have amplified the importance of UX design, boosting educational interest. While universities employ various teaching methods like project-based learning, team projects in mobile UX design specifically demand deeper integration of practical processes, theoretical frameworks (e.g., Double Diamond), and multidisciplinary approaches.[1] This study explores effective strategies for team project-based UX design education focused on mobile UX. We surveyed 100 design students over three years, analyzing their perceptions on aspects like designer roles, team communication, effective pre-project methods, project challenges, learning effectiveness, and the practical application of theory. Our empirical analysis aims to identify key success factors in UX design education, offering practical insights for improving future teaching methods and contributing to the field's advancement. 2. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating prior literature review with empirical research, to evaluate and enhance team project-based UX design education focused on mobile UX. For the empirical component, data was collected over a three-year period from 90 students enrolled in the 'UX Design Fundamentals' course within the design department at E University. The instructional design for this course incorporated a blend of project-based learning, discussion-based methods, and a structured, stepby- step teaching approach grounded in design processes. Data collection was conducted in the 15th week of the semester, utilizing a 10-item questionnaire administered to all 'UX Design Fundamentals' course registrants. The gathered data was subsequently analyzed to ascertain the influence of project-based and structured learning methods on student satisfaction and achievement within the UX design curriculum. 3. The Results: Our study shows that students recognize the importance of UX design in the mobile service industry. However, the lack of early UI/UX theoretical and case study learning necessitates sequential theoretical instruction even in UX design project courses. While group projects using the Double Diamond process were effective for project completion, students frequently struggled with team communication and clear role/responsibility assignment. Given the collaborative nature of most UX design projects, effective cooperation and communication are crucial. Many students found real-world industry experiences beneficial, like expert collaborations and lectures. These insights pinpoint key areas for improving team project-based UX design education. 4. Conclusion: This study aimed to evaluate and improve UX design education, particularly focusing on teamproject- based mobile UX design. We implemented and assessed project-based, discussion-based, and sequential learning methods in group settings, mirroring industry practices. Our goal was to analyze student satisfaction and the current state of education to propose improvements. Findings showed a strong link between learning satisfaction and academic achievement. We concluded that 'UX Design' coursework critically requires prior learning of theory, practical cases, and design tools, along with hands-on practice in research and data analysis for planning. Practical training in UX methodologies (e.g., Affinity Diagram, Card Sorting) and clear understanding of User Flows/IA is also essential.

Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (Generative AI), particularly in cross-modal generation technology, have enabled seamless transformations between various modalities—such as text, images, and video—bringing revolutionary changes to the video production process. However, current film and media curricula remain largely focused on traditional technical skill acquisition, with a lack of systematic programs for training AI-based creative capabilities. This study proposes an educational strategy model for prompt design specialized in cross-modal content production, aimed at simultaneously enhancing the technical proficiency and creative thinking of video production majors. Based on instructional design theories and creativity education frameworks, the proposed program consists of four stages: (1) understanding cross-modal concepts and analyzing relevant cases, (2) training in prompt design for single-modal transformations, (3) maintaining narrative and visual consistency through multi-modal transformations, and (4) implementing integrated projects encompassing planning, execution, and quality improvement. The model emphasizes prompt specificity, stylistic consistency, and appropriateness for modality transitions as core principles, focusing on gradually expanding learners’ competencies through iterative practice and feedback. As a study centered on developing an instructional framework, empirical validation remains a task for future research.

The rapid proliferation of unmanned services and kiosks, accelerated by the pandemic and industrialization, has exacerbated the digital divide for older adults and individuals with disabilities. This has become a significant social concern, as many elderly patrons in large supermarkets still prefer traditional checkouts over self-service technology (SST), underscoring a critical gap in user experience. This study aimed to identify and analyze the user interface (UI) design problems of domestic hypermarket kiosks from an inclusive design perspective, with the goal of proposing improvements that mitigate digital exclusion among the elderly. The research methodology involved conducting in-depth interviews with elderly participants to identify their pain points, followed by a systematic evaluation of kiosk usability based on inclusive design principles and Peter Morville's Honeycomb model. The analysis revealed that the difficulties experienced by older adults stemmed from a complex interplay of cognitive, physical, and psychological factors. Primary challenges included overly complex procedures, small text, and unfamiliar terminology. The evaluation further confirmed that while feedback and stability were rated above average, key usability metrics—including intuitiveness, readability, and accessibility—showed significant shortcomings. This study provides a practical contribution by empirically identifying the specific UI limitations that cause reluctance among elderly users. The findings offer concrete guidance for designing more intuitive and accessible kiosks, which can ultimately help to bridge the digital divide.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of body evaluation on appearance management behavior and life satisfaction among Chinese female athletes. To achieve this objective, the study targeted Chinese female athletes aged 20 and above. Data were collected using an online questionnaire distributed via shared survey links and email. Of the 500 questionnaires distributed, 450 valid responses were analyzed after excluding 50 responses due to insincerity or duplication. The survey instrument was based on validated and reliable scales from previous studies, which were revised and supplemented to suit the context of this study. All items were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS version 22.0. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted according to the research objectives. The results obtained through this process are as follows. First, body evaluation among Chinese female athletes was found to partially influence appearance management behavior. Second, body evaluation was also found to partially influence life satisfaction. Third, appearance management behavior partially influenced life satisfaction.

Humanoid robots can implement the movements of the upper body of the human body relatively well, but it is difficult to implement the movements of the lower body, especially in terms of walking. Existing humanoid robots' feet are wide and flat, which allows stable walking, but induce slow and unnatural walking. To solve this problem, in this study, we developed robot feet with toes and aimed for faster and more natural walking than conventional feet. The sliding force takes up more than 80% of the walking time, which is calculated by multiplying the ground reaction force by the instantaneous arm length and angular velocity of the foot. Therefore, in order for robot feet to walk more naturally and efficiently, it is necessary to design feet using ground reaction force. In this paper, we compared the stability of the robot that was developed after designing a bipedal robot, the robot that was developed, and the robot that was developed by measuring ZMP in human walking. As a result of comparing and analyzing the walking pattern of the developed robot feet with the human walking pattern, it was confirmed that the developed robot feet can implement walking similar to humans. Through this study, we confirmed that robot feet with toes can walk faster and more naturally than conventional feet.

This study explores the aesthetic characteristics and creative mechanisms of media art based on human-AI co-creativity through theoretical framework analysis. Recognizing the limitations of Western individualistic perspectives on AI creativity in explaining relationship-centered creativity in East Asian, particularly Korean contexts, this research presents an "Interactive Creativity" model that transcends traditional co-creativity approaches. Using Margaret Boden's creativity theory and Don Ihde's postphenomenology as theoretical foundations while reinterpreting them within Korean cultural contexts, the study analyzes limitations of existing theories through systematic literature review and synthesizes them to construct a new creativity paradigm where humans and AI interact with fluid boundaries between subjects. The findings reveal that interactive creativity is implemented through a three-stage co-evolutionary process (initialization → interaction & learning → evolution & transformation), which is deeply connected to Korean culture's relational thinking. This study presents a new theoretical paradigm for artistic creation in the posthuman era and contributes non-Western perspectives to global AI art discourse.