Earticle

Purpose : The purpose of this review is to systematically analyze the effects of music listening on physical performance and physiological responses during exercise. Specifically, this study aims to examine how different music characteristics (e.g., tempo, intensity, preference) influence key physiological markers, such as heart rate, oxygen consumption (VO₂), and blood lactate levels, as well as physical performance metrics, including endurance and strength. By synthesizing existing clinical research, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between music and exercise, offering theoretical insights into the potential applications of music in physical therapy, rehabilitation, and sports settings. Methods : To explore the effects of music listening on physical and physiological responses during exercise, a literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as DBpia, RISS, KISS, and Google Scholar. The search terms included combinations of "music," "exercise," "aerobic," "cardiopulmonary," "cortisol," "lactate," and "epinephrine." The inclusion criteria for selecting studies were clinical trials involving participants with no auditory or exercise-related impairments. Studies were selected based on variations in music tempo, genre, preference, and the presence or absence of music. Additionally, studies incorporating relaxation, stimulation, or brainwave-modulated music were included. A total of 27 studies were ultimately selected for review. Results : Among the selected studies, 40.7% used a control group and only 33.3% applied randomized assignment. Most studies had fewer than 20 participants, with a total of 534 subjects (68.4% male, 85.2% in their 20s). Music tempo was the most commonly tested variable (59.3%), followed by genre and preference. Objective physiological tools (e.g., Polar HR monitor, gas analyzer, blood analysis) were used in only 14% of studies, while 82% relied on subjective measures. Statistically significant effects of music on physiological or performance outcomes were reported in 66.7% of studies. Conclusion : The findings suggest that music listening can influence physiological responses and enhance exercise performance. However, inconsistencies in study design, limited sample sizes, and insufficient use of randomized controlled methods limit the generalizability of current evidence. Future studies should adopt double-blind, randomized controlled designs with standardized assessment tools and consider personalized music interventions. This approach will help establish music as a reliable therapeutic adjunct in physical therapy and rehabilitation.

Background : This study evaluated the effects of core stability and thorac ic static relaxation exercises on pulmonary function, trunk strength, and mobility in young adults. Methods : The subjects were divided into a Core Exercise Group(CEG, n= 14) and a Chest Expansion Exercise Group(CEEG, n=14). The intervention was conducted for 4 weeks. Pulmonary function, back muscle strength, abdominal muscle strength, and thoracic expansion volume were measured before and aft er the experiment. Results : After the intervention, Both groups showed overall improvements across all measured variables. However, the CEG showed significant gains sp ecifically in abdominal muscle strength (p<.05). In contrast, the CEEG demonstrated statistically significant increases in both back and abdominal muscle strength (p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study can be effectively utilized as found ational data for respiratory health management in young adults and for preve nting physical functional decline caused by improper posture.

Background : The Achilles tendon is the strongest and thickest tendon in the human body, and it is also one of the most frequently ruptured tendons. With the increasing aging population and participation in sports and recreational activities, the incidence of acute Achilles tendon ruptures has been rising, particularly among men in their 30s and 40s. Treatment options are generally divided into surgical and conservative approaches, but there remains considerable debate regarding the optimal method. In particular, postoperative rehabilitation protocols—such as the duration of immobilization and the timing of early weight-bearing or range of motion exercises—vary widely across studies, necessitating a comprehensive review of effective interventions. Purpose : his review aims to analyze various intervention strategies for patients with Achilles tendon rupture—especially comparing early weightbearing rehabilitation with non-weight-bearing approaches following surgery. By evaluating outcomes such as functional recovery, patient satisfaction, and complication rates, this study seeks to identify clinically effective and safe rehabilitation methods. Result & Conclusion : Through the analysis of 29 relevant studies, early weight-bearing and functional rehabilitation after surgery were generally associated with better outcomes in terms of range of motion, muscle strength recovery, and patient satisfaction. While non-weight-bearing interventions were simpler and safer, they often showed limitations in the speed and quality of recovery. Therefore, intervention strategies for Achilles tendon rupture should be tailored to the patient's condition and risk of complications, balancing early rehabilitation with appropriate immobilization. Evidence -based rehabilitation protocols are essential for optimizing clinical outcomes.