Earticle

An idea of applying wireless sensor network and GPRS to intelligent package substation on-line monitoring system is brought to light in this paper. Network schemes of intelligent package substation are given based on wireless sensor network and GPRS. The detailed analysis has also been made on some key technologies. At the same time, the combination of special CT and accumulators is adopted to solve the power supply shortage of sensor nodes effectively. To reduce the routing hops and improve the transmission efficiency, the two-layer and three-cluster of network structure is used. Finally, the on-line monitoring system of transformer room is taken as an example, it is discussed how to obtained optimal layout of sensor nodes. The paper also points out which can be taken as the research focus in the future such as intellectualized reconstruction of package substation, network security and clock synchronization.

Pakistan is facing energy crisis from last decade in spite having huge potential of solar energy. This research work will provide an assessment of the solar potential of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (K.P.K) region. A comparison of the economic and financial analysis(Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Payback period, and simple payback period) for a stand-alone PV systems for different regions of K.P.K have been done by simulating the solar systems on RET Screen. RET Screen has also been used for studying the effects of slope, latitude, orientation and geographical conditions of the selected six sites of K.P.K. Also, environmental effects such as Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission have been calculated and finally an optimum location for the installation of the solar panels has been proposed based on the results of the RET Screen.

SPWM is an essential modulation algorithm in power electronic devices, but it is not easy for unskilled programmer or junior engineers to build the code effectively. Model programming with embedded target supporting package in Matlab/Simulink is a new method to replace the traditional code writing without complicacy. Comparing to the manual method, it is more effective with lower cost, and the most importantly, it is more reliable. This paper offers a popular asymmetric sampling SPWM prototype with algorithm deduction, codes and models from Matlab RTW-EC. Finally, a practical result which can prove the method to be functional is also provided. This may accelerate the power electronics developing project with reliability in projects.

More attention is paid to renewable energy worldwide due to the recent Japanese nuclear power plant accident, fossil energy depletion, and global warming. Studies to enhance power generation system efficiency using solar energy are currently carried out actively. Although efficiency can be enhanced using high solar concentration photovoltaic (PV) module through lens or reflectors, the high solar concentrator prices are expensive, and thus some economic difficulty arises in system configuration. This paper has researched a method to enhance low solar concentrator system efficiency using general photovoltaic (PV) module whose price is low. This paper has used a reflective type optical device to raise low solar concentrator system efficiency and lower its price, and has developed a solar tracking system combining an image recognition type and a program type using the difference of brightness. The developed solar tracking system was installed in Asan, Korea in order to check its performance, and generated power amount was measured, according to time. As a result of comparing with a fixed power generation system, this paper found a 28% power generation efficiency improvement on average.

This paper has completed the hardware design of STM32F103 system circuit, infrared code learning module, human body infrared sensor module, indoor temperature and humidity sensor module, completes the software design of learning air conditioning remote control code, indoor temperature and humidity sensor module, also completes the energy-saving controller hardware and software debugging. Finally, this paper takes split type air conditioning units in a conference room as the control object (including indoor lighting system) to complete the energy-saving controller in air conditioner electrical system design, installation and debugging, completes the air conditioning start-stop and infrared temperature control code learning test. The test results show that energy-saving controller has realized infrared automatic perception of human activity, machine start-stop code self-learning and temperature settings and other functions.

This paper presents an image processing technique for monitoring diagnostic devices with an automated pipetting function. A video camera is employed to inspect whether the device operation, including the tip holder position, the absence of the tip, and the alignment of the holder and the tip, is appropriate. The processing results can be utilized for indicating the overall malfunction of the entire device or for warning that the user has forgotten to load the required tip. The image of the holder and the tip area is converted into a binary image with the fixed threshold obtained during device calibration. A horizontal projection analysis is utilized for robust identification of the tip and the holder area, and a vertical projection analysis is carried out for each area to detect the absence of the tip and the alignment of the tip and holder positions. The camera was added to a commercial diagnostic device, and the processing algorithm was implemented in the main controller of the device. Experimental results show that device monitoring with the proposed image processing technique worked well without failure.

In order to improve the living conditions of the residents and improve the satisfaction of rural land transfer, by constructing the structural equation model of government policies, re-employment and residents’ will of rural land transfer, this paper analyzes the promoting effect of the government policies and re-employment work. The results show: There is a significant correlation among residents’ will of rural land transfer, government policies and re-employment work. The government should improve management institution of rural land transfer to supervise each link of the rural land transfer, especially for the signing and implementation of the contract. To deal with the conflict appeared in the rural land transfer; the grass-roots government should set reasonable management systems and refine the implementation of these systems. Grass-roots government takes systematically training of cadres in rotation to improve the management capacity of grass-roots cadres.

Firstly, simulation studies on the type I error probability and power of non-central skew-F testing statistic are given by using Monte Carlo method in this paper. Then, the characteristics of the skew-normal distribution are showed on the data of energy intensity in China. Also, skew-normal multivariate regression models are established to study the main influence factors of energy intensity for the whole country, eastern China and mid- western China respectively. On this basis, a GEE model is constructed to verify the robustness of the above skew-normal multivariate regression results. It shows that the technology progress, industry structure and energy consumption structure have significant influences on the energy intensity for the whole country, eastern and mid- western region, with the R&D input and electricity consumption proportion influencing negatively while the secondary industry proportion influencing positively. Moreover, the impacts of technology progress and energy consumption structure turn out to be quite different among regions. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions are recommended in this paper.

In this work energy efficient room temperature sensor is designed using various IO standards. This design is implemented on Kintex-7 FPGA, XC7K70T device and FBG676 package. The simulator used is Xilinx 14.6 and Verilog is used as the verification language. The power analysis is done using XPower estimator. The various IO standards implemented in the design are HSUL_12, Mobile_DDR, PCI33_3 and SSTL18_II. The temperature scaling is being done for analyzing the behavior of circuit at different temperature values. The temperature is scaled from 50oC to 45oC, 40oC, 35oC, 30oC and 25oC. There is reduction of 17.39%, 65.22% and 91.30% in IO power when we migrate our design from SSTL18_II to HSUL_12, Mobile_DDR and PCI33_3 IO standards respectively. The maximum reduction in total power is achieved when the design is migrated from SSTL18_II to PCI33_3 IO standard. The reduction in total power is 26.32%, 24.69%, 22.72%, 20.83%, 18.87% and 16.95% at 25oC, 30oC, 35oC, 40oC, 45oC and 50oC respectively when the IO standard is migrated from SSTL18_II to PCI33_3.

As the backbone of metropolitan transportation, urban expressway shares a large proportion of long distance traffic flow. With the motorization processing, traffic congestion is becoming more and more serious. Intersections are the key interrupted nodes of continuous traffic flow which are the direct inducement of freeway congestion. As an important method of active traffic management, speed guidance control was adopted to improve the road efficiency and safety level. Firstly, speed guidance mathematical model was established based on the traffic flow data and control strategy was also designed for the intersection. Then, online simulation system was built. Microscopic simulation platform was used to simulate the real world traffic. The macro dynamic traffic flow model was established and real-time data were exchange through the application programming interface among the three parts of the simulation system. Next, control effects were analyzed in detail. The results show that vehicle travel time and traffic delay greatly decreased. Emissions of pollutants also have been significantly reduced. Finally, this paper puts forward suitable proposals for the implementation of speed guidance control in China.

Recently in Korea, the lack of environmental management of deteriorated residential areas has become one of the key social issues, and people are paying more attention to residential area regeneration as well as the improvement of small block-unit residential environments, although some small-sized maintenance policies and remodeling projects have been proposed so far, few studies have been conducted on programs for concrete execution. This study therefore investigates the changes in policies that have taken place for the remodeling of residential areas in Korea.

This paper puts forward a quick-freezing method by putting the ultralow temperature medium into a negative pressure. Through the experiment, it indicated the speed and quality to refrigerating water under the condition of negative pressure. Based on that, it designed a quick-freezing device. Meanwhile this paper researched on how to quick-freeze products in bags by adopting this device. After being testified by the experiment, it proved that this device had improved the quick-freezing efficiency and the refrigerating effect.

With the development of IoT technology, more and more smart household devices, such as sensors and smart mobile terminals, have appeared in our daily life. Users can remotely control almost all the devices in the smart home system and understand their information, thus effectively improving the user life quality. For background, this paper designs and develops two smart mobile terminal applications based on smart home technologies research: one is the smart remote control application based on infrared technology, which realizes remote controlling on infrared smart devices based on infrared transmission technology, Wi-Fi and Socket technology; the other is remote control and monitor application based on PhoneGap, which realizes remote controlling and monitoring on the devices directly connected to the gateway based on PhoneGap, HTTP request and HTML5 cache technology. Research on the mobile applications in the smart home system and their realization laid a solid foundation for the future research and function expansion of smart home and even smart city system.

In this paper, a review of the common techniques used for high step-down dc-dc voltage conversion is presented. First, the limitations of conventional buck & synchronous rectifier buck converters used for high step down dc-dc voltage conversion which include narrow duty cycle, high voltage stress, large ripple and low efficiency are briefly discussed. Then various topologies of non-isolated step-down dc-dc converters are reviewed and discussed. The topologies/techniques used for high step down dc-dc conversion are divided into various groups which include interleaved, quadratic, tapped, switched capacitor, switched inductor, coupled inductor, multi level and buck converter with three state switching cells. Each group of converters is briefly discussed, main circuit structure of each topology is given and their features and limitations are given. Finally a comparison of all the discussed topologies is carried out based on some common features.

The recent ubiquitous/pervasive technologies allow general household appliances to be connected within the network at home which is named home network system (HNS, for short). The great advantage of HNS is that it provides more value-added and powerful services by integrating multiple appliances and various sensors. Especially, sensor applications in HNS become much more important technology to build a high-level HNS service. In our earlier study, we have proposed the sensor service framework (SSF, for short) in the home network system for developing context-aware service, which wraps various sensor devices by web services to achieve easy development of context-aware service. In the SSF, a context was defined by a condition over a single sensor, or multiple sensors that derived by logical or arithmetic operations. However, the contexts were limited to the ones that can be defined by current values of the sensors, and can not describe the timing constraint relation in context on using multiple sensor web servers such as “after opening the door for 2 seconds, passed the hall” or “setting on the sofa”, and hindered us from creating high-level timing constraints context. In this paper, we propose a method for deriving the timing constraints context bases on the extended study of SSF. We first divide timing constraint in the context into two types: the sequential timing constraint and the continuous timing constraint. By using two types of timing constraint, the high-level context can be defined as conditions by using multiple sensors. After this, we also present a timer service to implement the timing constraints context within the SSF. We finally demonstrate how the high-level contexts with the timing constraints are registered and detected in a real home network system.

The leisure agriculture parks in China develop rapidly. The object in this paper is a leisure agriculture park in Qinyang City, Henan Province. The paper studied the framework and approach of integrating smart technology into the planning of leisure Agriculture Park. The application of smart technology centers on integrated platform, and is divided into smart breeding, smart planting, smart sunlight greenhouse, virtual park, visualization, smart logistics, smart sale modes and so on, and it forms a hierarchical structure consisting of perception layer, network layer, application layer, platform layer and service layer. Integrating smart technology into leisure Agriculture Park’s planning can improve product quality, increase production management efficiency in the park, and facilitate the sustainable development of the park.

According to the fuel properties of biomass (straw), it analysis the element content of the Cl, S in biomass straw and alkali meta such as K, Na and the composition of biomass (straw) and ash, meanwhile it analysis the composition of fly ash deposits sediments on heating surface of straw fuel boiler and determines the components of depositional aggressive medium and its mass ratio. A simulation corrosion test is designed base on the mass ratio and other conditions; it obtains the corrosion morphology and corrosion products by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Finally it determines the process of alkali metal chloride deposition corrosion is mainly self catalytic oxidation corrosion.

The rapid growth of the large-scale World-Wide Web poses great challenge to existing focused crawling methods. Whetheranalyzing text content or link structure, traditional focused crawler were mainly based on the page granularity. Random walking in the network composed of a large number of pages, the focused crawler is easy to get lost. Obviously, narrowing the focused crawling range from the entireWeb can improve the precision and efficiency. A focused crawling method based on the twogranularitiesis put forward. Firstly, using detectingcommunity algorithm to analyze the link structure of the network composed of websites, a given topic web sites group is built up. It contributes to narrow the crawling range. Secondly, all topic relevant analysis for web pages and link prediction are performed inside this generated group. Topic relevant analysis is implemented through calculating the topic similarity for title and content separately. The similarity of father pages, anchor texts and the string text for URL all are considered to predict the topic relevance for unknown links.The experimental results suggest that this method is very effective for given topic, and it can improve the precision.

Based on the traditional city, smart city is a new city that is constructed by Internet of things, mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data and other information technologies. Smart city can change interaction way of people, improve the real-time processing capability of information and response speed; promote comprehensive and sustainable development of various social works of smart city. But because Internet of things connected the real world and cyber space, in the smart city operation, not only include the traditional security problems, for example, the related equipment and building destruction, also include through software and instruction to damage network information, city construction and so on, which will bring a big challenge to smart city operation. To solve the security problem of smart city should put forward a system security mode from the view of system engineering. Through analyzing smart city architecture and security risk, put forward smart city security platform, studied the physical equipment protection, information security technologies, effective management, laws, personal information security literacy of smart city.

To better understand the practical applications of smart cloud technology in response to public services improvement, this paper researches the application results of Smart Cloud Model Based Public Health Multidimensional Services (SCMBPHMS). Different from the previous studies that focused on the details, this paper establishes a relatively macroscopic large model of SCMBPHMS, we have established a knowledge model based on artificial neural network on the model data processing to sense various users’ data acquisition habits of SCMBPHMS and let Public Health Smart Cloud Service (PHSCS) gaining the function of intelligent mining and data intelligent classification via training library. Finally, we give the example of some important features of SCMBPHMS via PHP language. In future, SCMBPHMS combined with the Residents' Health Card will greatly influence the quality of Public Healthcare Services

With the evolution of the IT convergence environment, IT industry is expanding in various convergence services. Digital Signage market is increasingly expanding into more diverse areas such as way finding, place making, exhibitions and public installations. And also, the system for an elevator is required for a comprehensive and flexible digital signage environment which can accommodate a wide variety of content, devices and machine notification. In this paper, we propose an integration digital signage platform supporting a various contents and devices based on open framework structure. And we will apply the system to an elevator environment. It includes a schedule and service method for various devices and resources on an elevator. It will be able to make the system flexible and efficient for various market, contents and devices.

Urban road traffic state identification is a key link to realize the intelligent transportation based on the Internet of Vehicles, and accurately positioning vehicles is the foundation to realize the traffic state identification. Aiming at the problem that GPS has signal blind area in positioning vehicles, a vehicle positioning algorithm based on particle filter was proposed, it could improve the traditional algorithm on degradation and large amount of calculations; Based on vehicle positioning, an urban road traffic state identification algorithm based on fuzzy discrimination was proposed, it could comprehensively consider multiple factors’ influence on traffic state. The experiment results show that the improved particle filter algorithm’s mean squared error has increased about 55.437% compared with GPS method, and the traffic state identification algorithm can accurately identify the traffic state of the study area, it can prove that the urban road traffic state identification algorithm based on particle filter and fuzzy discrimination is feasible and effective.