Earticle

In traffic video, background differencing is frequently applied for detecting moving vehicles. Therefore, background extraction is a key technology in traffic flow video detection system. In this paper, the way of modeling for background with single Gaussian model is introduced, and a simple experimental system for the background extraction in traffic video is designed and realized. Furthermore, defects of Gaussian model in practical application are improved.

Sensor Networks can perceive the extensive area by application of many sensor nodes because the size of sensor nodes is small and cheap. Sensor nodes can transfer multi hop data to sink nodes which is far away than sending and receiving distance. Many routing methods are proposed in order to raise energy efficiency in sensor networks filled. There is a routing method based on structure as a composing method of network by cluster. Cluster technology consisting and maintaining network topology based on cluster is mostly studied in routing protocol. There are demerits that LEACH, EACHS shall be rest energy of all nodes and HEED can't guarantee the number of cluster head. The proposed energy efficiency of selected cluster head guarantees the number of cluster head which is a demerit of HEED and minimizes the node of DEAD.

For communication and energy supply problems caused by sensors wiring in condition monitoring, a novel wireless monitoring system based on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (PEH) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) were proposed to realize self-powered and intelligent detection of electrical traction shearer. With the maximum power accumulated from kinetic energy, the working condition monitoring sensors and wireless communication module were powered. By analyzing the function of modules, this paper put forward an self- powered WSN monitoring system scheme, introduced the developing of the monitoring system which include the Omni-directional energy collection device structure and optimization its structure and parameter, low power energy harvesting circuit design, modeling of energy collection efficiency, WSN nodes design and its energy consumption analysis. This research helps to solve the difficult in sensor wiring, communication, power supply and contribute to improve the level of condition monitoring for electrical traction shearer.

In a large number of location service protocols, the load for long-distance periodic updates takes up a big portion in the total load. So it’s possible to effectively reduce the overall load of a protocol through the drop of update load as to further enhance the scalability of the protocol. In this paper, with the use of mobility features of groups on network nodes, it proposes to utilize the location service framework which is based on historical information together with clustering mechanism to curtail the information amount saved by single nodes in the local location database, optimizing individual node’s memory overhead and the initialized load of location service protocol. Both higher service success ratio and lower load are enabled in the massive mobile Ad Hoc network.

This paper presents a proposed scheme of City Family Health Information System (CFHIS). According to investigation, we have found out lots of drawbacks in the existing Electronic Healthcare Records. Here puts forward a scheme of CFHIS to give a solution to the problems like information isolation, dead data and fluent population management with technologies as follows: system hierarchical model, SOA-based Web Service platform, heterogeneous data integration, data exchange platform, multi-level data center, data warehouse, dynamic data updating, knowledge service model, portal service, etc.

One major problem in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the topology control. Topology control protocols in WSNs construct an optimized network topology structure to satisfy the application requirements, such as network connectivity and coverage. In this paper, we deal with the topology control problem by adjusting the transition radius of the sensor nodes. We produce a cluster-based topology control scheme and propose a new Energy Efficient Topology Control Protocol called EETCP. In this protocol, proper transition radius can be determined using Harmony Search (HS) algorithm. The proposed protocol dynamically adjusts transition radius of nodes (unlike some previous protocols which should select radius values among predefined values). Thus, the proposed protocol has some advantage compared to the previous protocols. EETCP has less average number of neighbors compared to the existing protocols. Also, the energy consumption in EETCP is less than other protocols and the network lifetime will be prolonged. In addition, the network connectivity in EETCP is in the acceptable level. The proposed protocol is simulated and the above advantages are demonstrated by the simulation results.

Path planning algorithm is a key issue among robot control areas. In practical engineering applications, traditional methods have some limitations to a certain degrees in key aspects of cost, efficiency, security, flexibility, portability, etc. Through the analysis and comparison of A-star algorithm and Dijkstra algorithm, path planning problem supporting multiple cars run parallely (PPSMC for short) in a static and dynamic obstacles co-existing environment is studied. An A-STAR-Dijkstra-integrated algorithm is promoted to make multiple cars moving parallely without collision or deadlock. Both two algorithms are optimized too. The algorithm has applied in smart park.

In model-driven software development, it is a key technology that transform from platform independent models at higher abstract level to platform specific models at a lower level. The approach to create mapping rules is profoundly impacted with the gap between the source model and the target model. By abstractly analyzing the characteristic of syntax and semantics of modeling languages, an approach to define model transformation rules is proposed on the basis of semantic consistency. Firstly, the user must construct an abstract semantic model through an in-depth analysis of target platform. Secondly, the user build mapping relations from source model to target model via abstract target semantic model. This work is based on the idea of elements in source semantic domain being reconstructed in the target semantic domain. The approach can provide an effective support for validating mapping rules between different abstract level models. JavaEE is used as a target of the transformation to interpreting the process to define mapping rules.

In order to improve ability and competitiveness of enterprises to fit market faster, and to short time of productions’ designing and manufacturing. With the developing of the technology of manufacturing cell turning into intelligence, the method of productions’ manufacturing process model that is based on work flow was put forward in this passage. The model of product manufacturing process which was based on the process model defined by the workflow standard was expanded. It was not only to reflect the structure of manufacturing process, but also to describe the dynamic distribution of manufacturing resource in the manufacturing process. The methods and correlations of the modeling of production procedure process, the dynamic modeling of manufacturing resource and the modeling of product manufacturing process were expounded in details. Finally, the accuracy and validity of this model were verified by the system simulation of the manufacturing process of high-compression cylinder which was a key component in steam turbine.

Recently, There are various approach for an elevator system based on information technology. And an elevator that has more than 20,00 parts for the building and use by many and unspecified people publicity as a means of transportation need to make the more secure and efficient management. For this purpose, the elevator systems require the more efficient network environment. But the service implementation of the network enabled all elevator is difficult because of the lack of IP. So in this paper, we propose the methods of the configuration for the notification, advertisement and remote control of the elevators. This approach has inner network environment for the elevator to solve the lack of IP, and connect the management server with internet. And also, this configuration has connection of the smart phone .It can be notified about the problems of the elevator with cloud messaging method. And the advertisement service can be updated and managed with remote unit easily. This approach can be supported the efficient and secure management.

With global warming, the increasing forest fires have caused trips and outages frequently along transmission lines, which is a serious threat to the operation stability of power grids. Impact factors on transmission line fires are numerous and the current risk assessment methods could hardly handle the complex nonlinear relationship between risks and factors, therefore, a method based on BP neural network is presented to assess fire risk of transmission line in this paper. Firstly, risk assessment system would be established according to impact factors on transmission line fire. Then, based on neural network model, the complex nonlinear relationships between fire risk grade and evaluation factors could be built. Finally, combined with GIS technology, risk assessment on transmission line fire would be done. The applicability and accuracy of this method have been explored by a fire risk assessment of transmission line in Shanxi province. The result shows that the BP neural network based model has good recognition effect, credibility, and consistent with the survey result on transmission line fire risk in the region over the years.

Online service quality has a significant influence on many important aspects of electronic commerce (e-commerce). However, there are few quantitative studies on the investigation of the main affecting factors of the online service quality focused on the market in China, which is one of the developing countries with the highest online population growth. This paper is an attempt to identify the main factors affecting the online service satisfaction of the e-commerce websites in China, and Fisher’s exact test is applied to identify the main affecting factors of online service satisfaction. The results could be the guideline for the e-commerce companies in terms of improving their online service.

Accurate Short Term Load Forecasting (STLF) is essential to the operating and planning for electricity supply industry. For increase accuracy of the STLF, we analyzed load patterns which are categorized by the weather-load relationship and the time-load relationship. The time-load relationship has typical patterns which show the concentrated load consumption shape under the specific time period. The weather-load relationship is identified by correlation between weather factors and load demand and used to adjust the weather weight for the load forecasting accuracy. This paper describes the analyzing of the relationships which are concern with load demand and proposed the improved an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based non-linear model for 24-hour-ahead load forecasting.

In cognitive radio, most of existing research efforts devoted to spectrum sharing have two weakness as follows. First, they are largely formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP), which requires a complete knowledge of channel. Second, most of the studies are online learning based on perceived channel. To solve the above problems, a new algorithm is proposed in this paper: if the authorized user exists in the current channel, Second user will send conservatively in low rate, or send aggressively. When sending conservatively, the state of the channel is not directly observable, the problem turns out to be Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP).We first establish the optimal threshold when the channel is known, then consider the optimal transmission when the channel is unknown and model for multi-armed bandit. We get the optimal K-conservative policy through the UCB algorithm and improve the convergence speed by UCB-TUNED algorithm. Simulation and analysis results show that it is the same result of K-conservative policy no matter the multi-armed bandit online learning under not fully known channel or the optimal threshold policy under known channel .At the same time, we improve the convergence speed by UCB-TUNED algorithm.

Contactless power transfer is an emerging technology. It is widely used in industrial and consumer electronic products. In this paper, a bidirectional contactless power transfer system for wireless vehicle charger is presented based on quantum modulation method. By applying this novel amplitude modulation method, switching losses and electromagnetic noise are greatly reduced and the whole system efficiency increased as well. Firstly, the operational principle of the contactless power transfer system is reviewed. The frequency analysis of the contactless power transfer system based on series resonant converter is deduced in detail. Besides, the voltage gain and phase feature of resonant tank are shown. Then, the quantum method for bidirectional power flow is explained in detail. The controller framework based on a simple analogous circuit is analysed as well. In additional, a simulation of the bidirectional contactless power transfer system based on quantum modulation by computer is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. Then, the conclusion of contactless power transfer system of bidirectional power flow is given at the end.

In rapid chaining business environment, information and communication technology (ICT) is a must for the survival of a company and is becoming increasingly important. The emergence of cloud computing represents a fundamental change of ICT services and cloud services continue to grow rapidly with increasing functionality and more users. As a result of this growth, it is a critical issue to select the suitable cloud service provider which meets all the business strategies and the goals of the company. This study presents a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based multi-criteria decision-making model to choose a suitable cloud service provider for companies’ users. In order to achieve this goal, the multiple criteria to select a cloud service provider were determined and then compared according to their importance. Finally the cloud service providers were evaluated to select the best cloud service provider according to the predetermined criteria. In this study, the fuzzy AHP, a fuzzy extension of the multi-criteria decision-making technique AHP, was used to compare these cloud service providers.

In order to precisely predict the location of forest fire, a new algorithm based on improvement of gravity center scan method is introduced in this paper. The new algorithm suppressed error rate of InToOut and OutToIn. By using the neighbor nodes around the unknown nodes, it solved the problem of less signal flag nodes around unknown nodes, furthermore, it improved the coverage of nodes and suppressed error rate the location of node. The simulation result shows that, along with the increment of the density of signal flag nodes, the error rate of location of unknown nodes is gradually decreasing. In networks with limited signal flag nodes, the new algorithm based on improved gravity scan suppressed the error rate by 40%, compared with previous gravity scanning algorithm, which dramatically improved the precision of location.

The standardization and interoperability become central issues among researchers and the business market in Personal Health Monitoring and U-Health support systems. ISO/IEEE11073 gives a good cost efficient standardization medium for that matter. In this paper, we developed a smart phone based health monitoring system under ISO/IEEE11073 and Bluetooth HDP. Here we report the implementation details of HDP Manager that can be used for personal health monitoring with smart phones based on Bluetooth HDP through HDP agent simulator based on ISO/IEEE 11073 PHD. The gateway in our system is based on HL7 converter. The system is designed for applying to all PHDs based on Bluetooth HDP authorized by CHA (Continua Health Alliance). While there has been a great amount of similar efforts to build a health monitoring system under ISO/IEEE 11073, Android smart phone systems allow only after ICS version announced in 2012 thus this effort is to enhance the interoperability between HDP and smart phones.

A concave disc copying icebreaking snow sweeper has been developed for improving the work efficiency and clearing free rate of solid ice and snow, and meeting the rapidity and efficiency of solid snow removal. The machine can simultaneously complete five functions of crush, chop, lifting, scraping and pushing, which also can realize independent servo-copying and self-excited vibrations reduction drag avoidance functions. The structure and working principle of the concave disc copying icebreaking snow sweeper have been introduced. The optimal combination of operating parameters impact on the clearing free rate and efficiency has been determined. The combinatorial optimization test methods of quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center was adopted, the traveling speed, digging depth of the snow, the blade angle of concave, the travel angle of concave blade are made as impacting factors, snow resistance, the clearing free rate, the maximum volume of removing snow pack as the objective function, optimizing experimental studied on the impact of performance of the snow machine operating parameters. The results showed that: the effect of copying and crossing obstacle in machine is good, effectively solve the problem of low clearing free rate of solid ice, while the efficiency of snow removal has been improved. According to the principle of objective function: the smaller snow resistance, the higher clearing free rate, the maximum volume of snow pack, making each factor level interval as constraint optimization, when the snow resistance is smaller than 820N, the clearing free rate is greater than 96%, the maximum volume of snow pack is smaller than 612mm3, the traveling speed ranges from 6km/h to 9.7km/h, the blade angle of concave blade is 19~ 21°, the travel angle of concave blade is 12°~14°. The above operating parameters are the optimal combination of snow machines.

The demand for electricity in Korea has been on the rise due to economic growth, changes in weather conditions, and the widespread use of electric devices. The excessive demand for electricity that used to occur only during the summer now occurs during the winter as well. As a result, it is now necessary to manage the electricity load of buildings in a stable way. The study is intended to analyze the possibility of reducing the entire electricity load and electricity peak load through an improvement in the energy efficiency of hotels buildings that are typical high energy consuming buildings, and to propose a plan to reduce electricity peak load through a decrease in the entire electricity load. Using the electricity load data of the hotel buildings, the properties of electricity load and the correlations between building energy efficiency rating and electricity peak load were analyzed. In so doing, this study can contribute not only to reducing the peak load of buildings, but also leveling off energy supply and load through a reduction in the nation's largest electricity demand.

Current mobile environments, smart device platforms and web based platform are emerged. The smart device platforms are represented by Apple’s iOS and Google's Android, and web based platform’s core is HTML5. Our previous researches are focused on integrating the developmental environments of smart devices and producing the same runtime environment. The Smart Cross Platform - our research result - guarantees content compatibility on various smart devices and supports multiple programming languages like C/C++, Java, and Objective-C which is a solution to increase developmental productivity. The SVM (Smart Virtual Machine) is the core virtual machine of the smart cross platform. But the Smart Cross Platform and the SVM is not cover the web environment like HTML5. In this paper, a technique which allows previous SVM which operates on smart devices to operate on web environment is introduced. In order to provide SVM in a web environment, an interpreter includes SIL code that was designed and implemented in JavaScript. Each SIL code’s semantics are reflected by JavaScript and an HTML5 based API and event model was combined to construct the overall SVM. In the whole design and implementation of the SVM which operates in the web based environment, this paper focuses on the interpreter which is a method to execute the contents. The implemented interpreter loads the SVM contents, creates a list of commands, analyzes on a stack base, executes the commands and reflects the results on the internal memory and status.