Earticle

The In this paper, nonlinear analysis is used to study the possibility of chaotic behavior of pipeline pressure signal. Based on real-time data of pipeline leak monitoring system, oil pipeline pressure signals have been verified to be chao system by analyzing the chaotic characteristic of pressure time series. Six typical measured data of pipeline pressure are selected and reconstructed to the higher phase space. And then the largest Lyapunov exponent of each data is calculated to test and verify the chaotic characteristics of the pressure signal. For pipeline leakage fault diagnosis, the approximate entropy (ApEn) has been applied to extract the nonlinear and chaotic characteristics. By calculating the ApEn of normal, operation and leakage signals, the results indicate that the value ranges of three kinds of signals are above 0.35, below 0.025, and from 0.025 to 0.35. And the identification rate of pipeline leakage has been reached 90.0% only based on ApEn, which provide more effective basis for the classification and identification of chaotic characteristics of the pressure signal.

Congestion avoidance in emergencies is one of many overlooked localization issues. During an emergency (such as a fire), it is difficult for rescuers to determine the best exit route when inside a building. Any time delay during decision making can risk loss of life. Therefore, an efficient Emergency Rescue Localization (ERL) system is essential to assist rescuers to identify the best route for reaching the outside when inside a building. Thus, we propose a new ERL based on an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). In the proposed ERL, an IMU is used to retrieve location information from inside the building. To conclude, we illustrate out proposed solution for indoor environmental set-up.

While there are a majority of enterprises using the J2EE technological structure design and solutions, it is difficult to fulfill the requirements in the complex and various, multi-point and wide-spread business implementation level by relying solely on object and interface oriented technology. SmartADF (Smart Application Develop Framework-Java) is a rapid application development framework. It is a framework suitable for developing the enterprise applications software based on J2EE framework. It adopts a strict hierarchical design. Hence, different levels of developers can find the right level to work. The use of interface coupling between the layers could be realized. It has been proved by the practice result that SmartADF provides a more abundant set of components and technical specifications to develop fast, stable and efficient enterprise applications compared with the traditional J2EE development framework, which improves the efficiency of developers.

With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, communications between physical objects and humans become realistic, and smart devices can be monitored and controlled remotely. It promotes the development of smart home, smart city and even smart planet, which greatly improves the quality and efficiency of human life. As a kind of common services, middleware technology plays an importance role in IoT system. This paper firstly introduces the research background of IoT and middleware technology. Then three main middleware access scenes are analyzed in IoT system, which is determined by the sensing device functions. Lastly, this paper defines the middleware interface, and proposes the interface design method. The middleware interface is classified into three categories: device side interface, application side interface and middleware management interface, in which device side interface defines the data transmission method between the device layer and the platform layer; application side interface defines the middleware opening resources and services between the application layer and the platform layer; and middleware management interface is mainly for devices and middleware management functions. It indicates the message interaction process, and separates different message information, thus improving the data transmission efficiency and enhancing the services open ability of IoT system.

In this paper, the concept of the smart greenhouse control framework is proposed with the help of localization algorithm. The proposed smart greenhouse framework consists of the data aggregator with the database, the environment control part and the crop growth status control part. The data aggregator has been equipped with the various sensors to measure the data for crop growth. The sensors have ability of communication and calculation of location of target. As a localization algorithm, RGPSi is used. RGPSi uses the iteration algorithm similar to the GPS algorithm, but utilize the ratio of signal strengths instead of absolute strengths. To improve the accuracy of the localization, the method of AOA(angle of arrival) of signal will be added. The environment control part has the role to generate the control signals for the greenhouse to operate properly for satisfying the goal. Information for the status of crop growth is generated from the growth control part. With the help of the goal function two parts will be interacting each other and have fed back the sensed data from the greenhouse.

As a result of the challenges of the manual method of taking attendance in schools and colleges in Nigeria, an automated attendance system needs to be adopted. The challenges include difficulty in keeping the attendance list over a long period of time, unnecessary time wastage during writing or signing, improper documentation, students forgetting to write or sign the attendance paper, lecturers forgetting the attendance list in the classroom, students writing or signing illegally for an absentee among others. This paper implements Radio frequency identification (RFID) automatic attendance system in Nigeria educational institutions which provides the functionalities of registering students, recording attendance, making decision on the eligibility of a student to sit for an examination in a course and other functions. This work eradicates the deficiencies associated with the manual attendance system with an automated approach implemented through Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The case study is Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

The temperature field distribution has a dominant influence on machining efficiency and surface quality during electrical discharge machining (EDM). The discharge location is strongly related to temperature field distribution. Thus, the effect of discharge location on temperature distribution during EDM process should be illustrated to understand the mechanism of temperature field distribution. In this study, the thermal model for EDM process is established using ANSYS software to investigate the temperature field distribution. The model considers more realistic factors such as Gaussian distribution of heat flux, plasma channel radius, latent heat of melting, etc., to agree with actual machining situation. Numerical simulation analysis of the temperature distribution of the two consecutive spark discharges has been carried out considering the relative position relation of discharge location. Based on the numerical simulation, the effect of discharge location on the temperature distribution and material removal volume in pulse discharge process has been analyzed in detail.

As cities in developing countries are expanding rapidly in recent years, flood has an increasing impact on urban management. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an urban flood defense decision support system based on big data. The system connects real-time sensor to collect streaming data, and uses a data-driven method that considers temporal and spatial factors to forecast water level in the next 6 hours. Thus, it can provide enough time for the authorities to take pertinent flood protection measures such as evacuation. Our predictive model is a hybrid of linear regression and artificial neural network, and can give early warning of potential flood using the forecast results. The system is implemented on Java EE platform, and integrated with Baidu Maps API to provide a user-friendly interface.

Nowadays, sub developed countries are presenting a growing tendency of technological implementation based on renewable energy. For which is very common to make meteorological factors predictions, to guarantee a better performance in accord to the climate variability. With this work the validation of the global solar radiation predicting models involving geographic and / or meteorological factors for the city of Bogota DC is made. This validation is based on the comparison of the results from the models with the experimental data and NASA, IDEAM, SWERA, METEONORM, CAR data bases. The results obtained from this work identify the error of the used models, defining the most appropriate one to predict the global solar radiation including the location and weather of the northern area of Bogota.

Wormhole attack is one of the most serious attacks on DV-Hop localization algorithm. Previous solutions usually require hardware support, or a higher ratio of beacon nodes and very complex mathematical operations. In this paper, we analyze the effect of the wormhole attack on DV-Hop algorithm, which mainly destroys the network topological structure and shrinks hop count between nodes and expands the localization error. We propose a modified DV-Hop method without additional hardware support against wormhole attacks. Through analyzing the characteristics of the neighboring nodes set of nodes attacked, this method detects wormhole attack, then locates nodes by using an improved DV-Hop algorithm. We show that the scheme can detect wormhole attacker adequately, and the obtained localization accuracy is even better than that of the DV-Hop method without wormhole attacks in most cases.

Innovation is the soul of landscape design, and studying the innovative design methods of landscape and evaluating it have significant meanings. This research classifies landscape design innovation into 9 types: cultural art innovation, functional position innovation, technological and scientific application innovation, space usage innovation, environmental protection innovation, service object innovation, economic efficiency innovation, social development innovation and industry chain innovation. Landscape design innovation is aimed at creating a landscape environment, which can be more in line with the long-term interests of the public. Landscape design innovation can be evaluated from 8 aspects: visual art evaluation, physiological comfort level evaluation, convenience evaluation, resource and environment evaluation, psychological satisfaction degree evaluation, POE evaluation, input-output evaluation, social integration evaluation and life cycle evaluation. The evaluation of innovation aims to ensure that the creative landscape design works could be carried out to provide the public with service and experiences of higher quality.

Conventional mechanical switching of household electrical appliances is location bound. It is not without limitations such as arcing, bouncing, heat, noise and needs to directly ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ the switch manually at every time of need. This paper present Bluetooth based switching automation of domestic electrical powered appliances through application software on android phone platform. The system makes switching boundless within the Bluetooth 10m coverage. The design was done in two major stages: hardware and software. The hardware involved the physical construction of the system while the software was the programming design of the application to suite android phone.

Maoer Mountain National Forest Ecological Station is located in Heilongjiang Province. By using the statistical spatial analysis method, which showed that the soil mites community and species richness of mites spatial heterogeneity. Also, which is illustrated that the spatial effect relationship with the environmental factors. The results of crossvariogram and simple Mantel test showed that positive relationships between soil mite communities, specific mite species and environmental factors were detected. Among the environmental factors, soil pH showed significant affects on spatial heterogeneity of soil mite species in both years. When considering the relationships between soil mite species, positive correlations and specific mite species were also observed. Spatial heterogeneities of soil mite communities and most of the soil mite species were regulated by structured factors, in which environmental variables might be important drivers. Thus, it is implied that abundances of soil mite community and most of the soil mite species showed aggregated spatially heterogeneity, and significant relationship between such heterogeneity and environmental factors were detected.

In the area of crowd abnormal detection, the parameter of population density, is seldom used to the global crowd behavior detection. Some of the references simply use the LBP or spatial-temporal LBP features to fulfill the abnormal detection. They don’t make full use of the crowd density characteristics and dynamic characteristics. This paper proposes a novel method by increasing the dimension of feature vector to increase the information content so as to improve the recognition accuracy. That is to say the crowd dynamic information and crowd density information will be combined together to form a higher dimension of feature vectors, which is named as the crowd behavior feature vector in this paper to improve the robustness of the algorithm. Finally, Support Vector Machines (SVM) is adopted to detect the abnormal events using the crowd behavior feature vector. This work utilizes the Local Binary Pattern Co-Occurrence Matrix (LBPCM) for crowd density estimation to ensure the excellent accuracy. At the same time, it adopts high accuracy optical flow histograms of the orientation of interaction force to extract the crowd dynamic information (HOIF). After verification, we discovered this algorithm not only can get the good discrimination on the benchmark dataset UMN, but also can achieve the pretty high recognition rate about the web dataset.

Digital signage has seen its demand increasing with a mergence between ubiquitous computing technologies getting vigorous, in addition to the distribution of mobile devices and the provision of convenience through various application for their users. Furthermore, it has contributed to the expansion of a cultural event area and the raised attention of people. This study researched into the position determination methods which enable a motion scheduling based on the location of people using position determination technology and provide individualized display contents according to the demands for an ‘interaction’ through bilateral communication, control, responsiveness, personalization and participation. This research outcome is not only expected to enable the utilization and effective delivery of cultural contents beyond the time and space but to elevate a usefulness value of an individual tourism content.

Harbor-style bus stops have large capacity, little influence on the main road, which is also safe and convenient for passengers to get aboard or getting off. However, the capacity of main road was reduced when buses arriving or departing the bus stops. Based on the analysis of procedure of bus arriving and departing the harbor station, with the combination of queuing theory with gap theory, we analyzed the influence of harbor style bus stop on main road capacity, which is studied by normal and spillover scenarios. For the normal scenario, with the procedure analysis of arriving and departing bus stop, influence model on main road was established, for the spillover scenario, we established the corresponding model, with the considering of the influence of lane change behavior of other vehicles on the outmost lane. The simulation analysis shows that the error of the model in two scenarios are 2.8% and 2.9% respectively, which is satisfied to reflect the influence of harbor style bus stop on main road capacity. From the case study, we can conclude that in the normal scenario, with the increasing of bus arrival and volume in outmost lane, the reduction coefficient of main road increased slowly, in the spillover scenario, when the bus arrival rate is more than 40veh/h , and volume in outmost lane more than 900veh/h, the reduction coefficient of main road shows accelerating trend.

For the Internet of Things security, it should be considered security risk environments such as various platforms and services including smart devices that can be mounted on household electric appliances, healthcare, car, and heterogeneous networks that are connected to the Internet, and cloud services mobile apps. In this paper, we provides analysis of new security threats, caused by open-platform of Internet of Things (IoT) and interconnectivities among various smart devices and sensors via the Internet, and requirements and scenarios for establishing standards and secure IoT service.

The synchronous Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) is quite complex for three-level neutral point-clamped (NPC) inverter. A simple central 60° synchronous modulation method is presented in this paper for three-level NPC inverter used in the multi-mode PWM strategy. For the fundamental voltage command, the switching angle could be real-time calculated based on this modulation method with different carrier frequency ratios. The switching strategy between these modes is discussed for multi-mode PWM. According to this method, a simulation model of the drive system with three-level inverter and induction motor is built. The simulation results at asynchronous modulation, central 60° synchronous modulation and square wave area, show that the output voltage values can meet the requirements with a good symmetry even in the case of low carrier frequency ratio. The smooth switching among different modes is also accomplished with low impulse current.

Because of the rapid development and wealth accumulation in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), most of the cities in this area are motivated to establish wealth management centers (WMCs). We create an evaluation index system for assessing the development level of WMCs in cities in the PRD; we develop this system by selecting 20 indicators including gross regional production (GDP). Subsequently, we use panel data from 2010 to 2013 of nine cities in the PRD to evaluate the financial competitiveness of each of these cities through principal component analysis (PCA); we further analyze the pioneering roles of Guangzhou and Shenzhen in establishing WMCs in the PRD. The numerical analysis results reveal that Shenzhen and Guangzhou rank first and second, respectively, regarding financial competitiveness in the PRD, indicating that the two cities play a leading role in the establishment of WMCs in the PRD.

In this paper, an improved ViBe background subtraction algorithm is proposed for dealing with ghost problem during the process of moving object detection. The ghost areas in image can be detected based on the theory that the histogram distributions of ghost areas have similarity distribution characteristics. However, the histogram distributions of real moving objects change with the real objects moving. The influence of ghost areas on moving object detection is eliminated. The improved ViBe, the original ViBe and the Gauss mixture model are compared and analyzed, The results show that the improved ViBe can effectively eliminate ghost areas, and has high real-time.

Home Network System (HNS) is comprised of networked home appliances and sensors to provide value-added and more powerful services. In order to build high- level HNS service by integrating multiple appliances and sensors, our earlier study proposes a method to derive timing constraints context based on Sensor Service Framework (SSF, which deploys sensor devices as web services to achieve easy development of context-aware application). That method divides timing constraints into two types: the sequential timing constraint and the continuous timing constraint. A high-level context can be defined as conditions expression based on the above two types. Moreover, we present a timer service to implement timing constraints context within SSF, and demonstrate how a high-level context with timing constraint is registered and detected in a real home network system. However, to create high-level context with timing constraints, the developer needs to know the details about pre-existing context of HNS, and also needs the ability to analyze and implement complex logic to detect a high-level timing constraints context. This limitation impedes the efficient creation of high-level context in HNS. Therefore, we propose a method to collectively manage the information of a pre- existing context of HNS in this paper, by which the developer can create high-level timing constraints context more easily than before. As a case study, we implement Enter-Leave context and TV Left On context, and execute an evaluation to prove the effectiveness of this proposal.

This paper introduces our design and implementation of an editor with which Internet TV staff can create and modify TV schedules. This editor allows authorized staff to retrieve contents by accessing the content management system and to send a created schedule to the broadcast management system. We apply the Microsoft Solution Framework/Component Design (MSF/CD) principle in our development. Our design of database and classes and experimental results are discussed in this paper. Most of local governments are running their own Internet TV systems in order to provide regional news and information of local products, festivals, events, weather, and points of interest to citizens and tourists. With our editor TV schedules can be efficiently created.

It is important to know the key problem of the emerging intelligent transportation systems –relative position, especially in the collision warning and speeds advisory. However, the commercial Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) receiver cannot up to the standard of these purpose. Fortunately, using Cooperative Positioning (CP) techniques to share the GNSS measurements between vehicles can largely improve the performance of relative positioning in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). But in urban environments, the reduced quality or complete unavailability of GNSS measurements challenge the effectiveness of any CP algorithm. In this paper, a new improved tight CP technique is proposed which adds the measurements from low cost inertial sensors. In the enhanced CP method proposed here, vehicles communicate their GPS measurements and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data, and each vehicle fuses local GPS and IMU measurements and those of the neighbours. Experimental results show that the new tight integration CP method can enhance the relative positioning in low GPS coverage environment, such as in very dense urban areas and tunnels.

Based on the thought of Logistic cumulative probability, this paper establishes the traffic state probability model under snow-ice condition on artery, and puts forward the corresponding parameters calibration method and model evaluation method; finally, using traffic flow survey data under snow-ice condition on Huanghe road and Hongqi street in a city to analysis and forecast traffic state, put forward traffic state prewarning index, and combining the analysis results, present the corresponding traffic management strategy and guidance suggestion.

By wireless communication through GPRS internet, a remote water metering system with low cost, accuracy and adaptable to complex environment was designed. In this paper, the analysis on the scheme confirmation, the development of management software was carried out, and the integrated design of the system based on GPRS was studied. The general planning and the technical requirements on the user’s water consumption detecting system was also put forward, based on the S3C2440 chip.

With the economic development, energy consumption is increasingly serious, land resources becoming scarcer and scarcer. Green building can effectively solve the problem of resource shortage; however, the development of green buildings in China is very slow because of its higher cost, compared with conventional buildings.. In this paper, we analyze the construction cost of green building based on life-cycle cost method, and try to find out the key factors that affect the cost. Through the empirical analysis, the results prove that there are six main factors that influence the cost of green building, such as green building technology, policy support, project positioning, construction technology, building materials prices and local conditions. On this basis, we put forward relevant policy suggestions.