Earticle

A corrosion experiment with 20G has been carried out by simulating the environment of heating surface in biomass boilers. Corrosion dynamic curves were obtained by mass gain method. Analysis of the corrosion characteristics were combined with the surface morphology. And the surface morphology and chemical composition of the specimen after experiment were analyzed by using the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result of experiment show that there is certain corrosion resistance in 20G at a temperature of 500℃, the corrosion strength of chlorine is greater than sulfur during corrosion process, and the deposition corrosion is dominant.

This paper presents a real-time pedestrian detection algorithm for a night environment. By first converting the nighttime image data to the L * a * b * color space, it can be extracted in the area L * with robust noise reduction and contrast adjustment. This data is used to generate pre-data through image subtraction. A background image is generated using the data, and the Cascade Histogram of Oriented Gradient &Kalman filter (CH & K) algorithm is proposed to track the movement of pedestrians. In addition, pre-processing algorithms and the proposed algorithm can replace Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOGs) with rather heavy computations, and sensitive Haar-like features in the night can be used for real-time pedestrian detection and brightness.

With intermittent energy grid connected, the requirements of transformer and reactive power compensation are developed. A novel combination technique of controllable reactor and magnetic saturation transformer is proposed in this paper. The optimal control target is implemented by combining the advantages of controllable reactor and magnetic saturation type transformer to suppress flicker of voltage effectively. The corresponding mathematical representation and the equivalent circuit are presented. The design and realization approach of this kind of transformer is described. The traditional transformer capacity can be promoted effectively.

This paper discusses the design and implementation of context-aware sensor tags that can be attached to various containers. The tags are designed to be utilizable in non-standardized fruit boxes, and can identify whether fruit has been loaded in a box because they are attached inside the box. After recognizing normal load status, data are sent only when there is content. The tags were designed and implemented to measure distribution by detecting the movement of the fruit box, and sending data through a context-aware function that determines whether fruit is loaded, and a data-transmission event; the tags also send data periodically, even when the fruit box is not moved

In the power system, transmission line as a guarantee for effective power supply, takes charge of the transmission from output power of substation to the consumers. The present study mainly focuses on the fault of transmission line resulted from external uncertainties, such as lightning, wind age yaw, ice coating and bird damage, as well as internal factors of high-voltage transmission line, including the grounding and short circuit. Accordingly, fault diagnosis and protecting measures on the high-voltage transmission line are proposed with advices on the improvement of operation and maintenance management of the line to reduce the fault frequency of the transmission line in the process of operation at a greater extent and to ensure the power supply stability of the whole power grid system to the user.

In these days, smart-phone becomes a major personal communication device and more and more hardware including various sensors as well as software including various applications tend to be mounted on it. In this paper, we propose a classification scheme that classifies ambulatory movements of the user and the floor where the user exists with a smart-phone. In the proposed scheme, ambulatory movements of the user are classified by exploiting the barometer and the accelerometer, while the GPS data is used to classifies the floor information. With the proposed scheme, various motions, such as walking, stop, up and down motions with elevator or stairs, are distinguished by utilizing the data from the barometer and the accelerometer. When the user enters a building, the building information is confirmed with the GPS information and the smart-phone can classify ambulatory movements and the floor information of the user. An Android application is developed for the performance evaluation of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme is evaluated with experiments at general building in university and the accuracy of the proposed scheme is more than 94% for floor estimation, although there is still works to improve the estimation of movements.

To evaluate the wireless network condition on moving medial vehicles and make reasonable judgment among multiple network channels, an automatic network judgment method is presented for unstable communication environment based on adaptive network speed analysis and prediction method. Historical network observation data are collected; time series analysis method and ARMA model are employed to build prediction model using historical data statistics with periodical update mechanism. Predicted network speed value is then compared with real speed value and a criterion to identify the condition of network is summarized from comparison result analysis. Experiments are conducted in both normal network and interfered network situations. Empirical studies results show that the adaptive prediction method could be used for wireless network speed prediction on moving vehicles. Under different network environments, the fit value of each group of data varies and this value could be used for network problem identification.

College language lab is “the second classroom” of foreign language teaching. It is a place of effectively cultivating students' ability of self-learning and practicing. This paper analyzes the significance and role of the language laboratory for cultivating students' self-learning and innovation ability, designs out the model of function structue for the openning of the language laboratory, proposes the form of database design, and discusses the system architecture.

This paper is to estimate the effects of a new experimental model to improve daily life performance ability in tuberculosis patients. The subjects of this paper were 126 patients who had visited a hospital which located in Metropolitan area. The pair wise t-test was done to compare the before and after intervention by a new experimental model for measurement of health promoting practice in tuberculosis patients. As a result, for symptoms in terms of dizziness in the physical status, subjects’ score (27.46±1.52) after application significantly decreased than subjects (31.58±3.47) before application (t=2.68, p=.004). In conclusion, this experimental study will be used frequently for the prevention of tuberculosis and verification of new research.

Categorized, itemized energy consumption model of buildings is established using energy consumption data of campus energy efficiency management platform; existing categorized, itemized energy consumption evaluation indices of buildings are summarized; and a mathematical model of building energy consumption indices is established, providing the basis for the quantitative evaluation of building energy consumption. The scope of application of each index is summed up; and the methods and steps for evaluation of building energy consumption using categorized, itemized energy consumption indices of buildings are elaborated through case study. The results show that the categorized energy consumption indices of buildings can be used to analyze the whereabouts and proportion of various energy consumptions of buildings, grasp the energy structure of buildings, and help analyze the power consumption trends of buildings and the proportion of various sub items, providing the basis for the formulation of energy efficiency management plan.

In china, forestry desertification is the one of the severest ecological problems, as well as the hot research of global environmental protection. Therefore, it is important to establish a scientific, reasonable, and feasible comprehensive evaluation system for forestry desertification to guide them to achieve multi-optimization of their monitoring, prediction, and control performance. This paper aims to get a comprehensive evaluation using the grey relational analysis method. Unlike the mathematical-statistics method, the grey relational analysis also is suitable for irregular data. On the basis of the proposed evaluation method, ten samples of Dumeng County were carried out to determine and evaluate the status quo by grey desertification system included fifteen indicators. This research offered new ideas for the desertification comprehensive evaluation and protection.

Leakage is one of the most common fault forms of mine low-voltage grid protection. With the continuous increase of automation degree of mine, the leakage protection system of mine low-voltage grid needs to be monitored and managed comprehensively; as a response to this demand, the selective leakage protection system of mine low-voltage grid is explored and studied in this paper from the perspective of practical application based on Internet of Things. In this paper, the design of leakage protection system of mine low-voltage grid is proposed based on the combination of ZigBee protocol the framework of Internet of Things, and the perception layer of Internet of Things is constructed by ZigBee technology to collect and transmit the related data. Meanwhile, the low-voltage leakage fault principle of the mine and the variation law of zero-sequence current and zero-sequence voltage mine are analyzed in this paper; on this basis, a selective leakage protection scheme based on the additional DC power detection and zero-sequence power direction is proposed, in which additional DC power principle is applied to the main feeder switch, the protection principle of zero-sequence power direction is applied to the branch feeder switch, and the branch leakage is interpreted by Fourier algorithm. Through experimental verification, the performance indicators of leakage protection system are consistent with standard requirements, with the small error, which can meet the requirements of the mine grid leakage protection. Internet of Things can realize ZigBee networking and transmit the leakage information of the grid the host computer through ZigBee network.

The software product line (SPL) is an approach that develops a family of similar software by maximizing the reusability of development artifacts. The home resource management system in the smart home system is a core module of the home network middleware system. It manages all of the devices and services installed in the smart home system, i.e., installed devices, their installed location, their status (on/off), and related services. The basic functions of the home resource management system are similar no matter which kinds of homes they are installed in, but the detailed configurations of the location, device types, and services, including service combinations, differ from each other. Therefore, developers should focus on modifying the APIs and resource managers whenever a new kind of house needs to be serviced. To reduce these efforts, the demand for product line architecture (PLA) commonly used among different kinds of smart resource management systems has been raised and this paper describes the design results.

Since the development of high energy-consuming industries has an important impact on the total electricity consumption, it is essential to predict the electricity demand of these industries. A procedure based on LS-SVM algorithm and scenario analysis is proposed to forecast the electricity consumption of high energy-intensive industries in Inner Mongolia, which takes three affecting factors into consideration, including the output value, the proportion of output accounting for GDP, and electricity consumption intensity. The prediction results show that the prediction accuracy of LS-SVM is rather high with an average error rate of 2.03%. The electricity demand of energy-intensive industries in Inner Mongolia will reach 2136.9~2175.1 million kWh in 2015, and reach 2514.4 ~ 2966.9 million kWh in 2020. Meanwhile, the annual growth rate among 2013 to 2020 will be 5.18%~7.48%. In addition, 377.5 million kWh will be saved in 2015, and 791.8 million kWh will be saved in 2020.

How to help patients find their departments or wards is an issue that needs to be solved by hospitals urgently. This paper presents an iBeacon-based indoor positioning system for hospitals. It firstly analyzes the advantages of iBeacon compared with the common indoor positioning technologies; then designs the indoor positioning system for hospitals based on the three-layer architecture of Internet of things to have message-push-service through clients. Finally, the shortest distance algorithm Floyd is used to recommend the nearest department or ward to patients. Shown as result of the experiment, indoor positioning for hospitals can be realized by the system.

Throughput maximization is one of the main challenges in ad hoc networks, where the availability of local spectrum resources may change from time to time and hop by hop. For this reason, a cross-layer opportunistic routing algorithm for ad hoc networks is proposed, which is called the multi channel (MCPEF) algorithm. Through local control actions, MCPEF aims to maximize the network throughput by performing joint routing, scheduling, and transmit power control. Specifically, the algorithm dynamically allocates spectrum resources to maximize the capacity of links without generating harmful interference to other users, while guaranteeing bounds bit error rate (BER) for the receiver. In addition, the algorithm aims to maximize the weighted sum of differential backlogs, and which can stabilize the system by giving priority to higher capacity links with a high differential backlog. The proposed algorithm is distributed, computationally efficient, and it has bounded BER guarantees. MCPEF is shown through numerical model-based evaluation and discrete-event packet-level simulations to outperform baseline solutions; it will obtain a high throughput, low delay, and fair bandwidth allocation.

ICT convergence fields include various regions. In this paper, we described a smart city which was leading case in digital convergence and related with our life.During the last decades, cities have become increasingly central in the economic, social, and development-related processes. Since 1990 the term Smart City has been spreading in conjunction with the liberalization of telecommunications and the development of services provided through the internet. We described actual cases of smart city in Europe and Asia, and focused on analysis and applicability of current smart city in this paper.

China's ecological environment constructionrequires higher demands to nursery stock industry. Nursery stock enterprises' upsizing and specialization become the trend of the development of nursery stock industry. Based on the fundamental principle of cost effectiveness, this paper establishes the basic framework of smart nursery by the application of smart technology. The smart nurseryis divided into five layers and five modules. The five layers are composed of access layer, supporting layer, network communication layer, exhibiting layerand application layer, creating a complete technical supporting system. Five modules respectively are smart production module, smart sales module, smart logistics module, industrial information module and financial guarantee module, forming a complete industrial chain. The application of smart technology to nursery stock industry can provide services for pre-production, production and after production of nursery stock, promotes industrial overall efficiency and effectively reduces consumption of resources and energy.

This paper describes a cloud-based robot system which connects cloud computing infrastructure for accessing distributed computing resources and big data and executing multitask like face detection, face recognition and etc. The ROS (Robot Operating system) has been employed as the operating system of the RC-Cloud server. We have deployed one application, “real-time face recognition application” in the RC-Cloud robot system. The experimental results show that the RC-Cloud robot system is capable of executing computation-intensive tasks for robot client efficiently and sharing information among all the clients in the system.

This article takes control of fan blade vibration as the main body, introduces a new type of intelligent materials -- Electro rheological fluids, focusing on explain the smechanical and electrical properties of electro rheological fluid explain. The application of electro rheological technology to practical use in the performance of electro rheological fluids, control the occurrence of electro rheological effect, so as to achieve active vibration control effect on leaf and model simulation and eventually realize the effect of blade vibration weakened.

With the continuous development of economy and progress of social, people for energy use more and more widely in the direction of new energy. In the use of new energy, automobile industry has continued to explore, new energy automobile industry mainly refers to the use of new fuel and power energy, now advanced technology on making the new energy automotive industry can get greater development. The automotive industry is an important pillar industry of the national economy and plays an important role in the national economic and social development. With China's sustained and rapid economic development and urbanization accelerate, the future demand for the car will maintain the growth momentum for a longer period of time, the resulting that energy shortage and environmental pollution problems will become more prominent. The emergence of new energy vehicles can effectively alleviate the energy and environmental pressures, and to promote the sustainable development of the automobile industry, how to solve large-scale electric vehicle charging is a key factor. This paper analyzed definition and classification of new energy vehicles, the development of automobile industry and its impact on the environment, analysis of vehicle charging station, to maintain stable economic growth and improve people's living standards have an important strategic meaningful conclusions.

Digital convergence is spoken of basically as convergence of various information and communication technologies. The significance and waves for digital convergence, however, do not remain merely in the boundary of chemical combinations or increase of economic efficiency. The core technology of the large technological direction is smart, mobile. In this paper, we described intelligent traffic system which was leading case in digital convergence and related with our life. Intelligent Traffic System (ITS) integrates cutting-edge technology into existing traffic system elements. We described actual cases, analysis and applicability of current ITS.

This paper analyze and summarize the current situation as well as methods of forecasting wind power from home and aboard based on wind power development of China. Due to the BP neural network can approximate any nonlinear mapping with any arbitrary precision and its generalization ability is strong. This paper used BP neural network for power prediction, set up a model with numerical weather prediction data and wind power of a wind farm in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Then used MATLAB to simulate and verify the feasibility of this prediction model the precision meet the requirements. In the last of this paper, the author development and design a simple system of wind power forecasting by using visual basic. The system has made the forecasting process to be simple and convenient, and also made easy to operation for the dispatcher.

This paper presents the analysis of the steady state error and the time delay of the temperature of the chip sensor in a micro PCR chip and that of the reagent. The chambers with the various heights and sizes are compared in order to examine the differences in temperature and speed. A NTC-thermistor was employed as the chip sensor and the thermocouples were used to examine the temperature of the reagent in the chamber. From the result, we confirmed that the steady state error was negligible for all of constructions and the delay times showed no difference in the range of 60–72°C, while in the other ranges, the speed was higher for the lower height construction.

This paper deals with the real-time scheduling of a microgrid considering uncertainties of renewable energy sources (RESs). A two-step mathematical model based on real-time scheduling and demand responses (DRs) is proposed. DR programs, time of use (TOU) and emergency demand response programs (EDRP), are used to minimize the operation cost of microgrid. The proposed real-time scheduling is based on spinning and load reserves to deal with uncertainties of RESs. In the first step, the day-ahead scheduling is run for 24 hours with forecasted RESs. The second step deals with the actual RESs and the microgrid operation is rescheduled in the real time. The effectiveness of DR programs on the electrical demand for each interval is also shown in this study. The mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) method using CPLEX optimization program is used to solve the proposed two-step mathematical model.

The construction industry is one of the industries with high accident rate. To improve safety standard to compete internationally, the key construction safety factors are examined in this paper utilizing the analytic hierarchy process. The results reveal the Policy factor as the most important factor to improve safety standard. The implementation plan must be practical and include regulations stated in the international safety standards.

This paper implements 80x64 array high sensitive fingerprint sensor with the parasitic insensitive charge transfer circuit. The fingerprint sensor cell uses an active output voltage feedback integrator. The parasitic insensitive charge transfer circuit includes a differential amplifier and two switches to remove parasitic capacitance and transfer charge. The operation is validated by HSPICE for one-pixel and RTL simulation including logic synthesis for the full chip design on condition of 0.18μm typical CMOS process and 1.8V power. The voltage difference between a ridge and valley is about 215mV after 10 clock cycles and 367mV after 20 clock cycles. The maximum frequency of cell operation is 10MHz. The layout is performed by full custom flow for one-pixel and auto P&R for the full chip. The area of the full chip is 4943μm x 3943μm and the gate count is 542,000. The area of one-pixel is 50μm x 50μm. Pitch is 50μm and image resolution is 508dpi.