Earticle

In this study, difficulties of preparation for employment of Vietnamese engineering students were discussed through qualitative research methods. In particular, engineering students’ data collected. They have few constraints because of to use the major English-language term. In Korea, international students beyond 80,000. Since 2004, the number of foreign students has increased steadily with the Study Korea project. Study Korea project is the policy to attract foreign students in terms of utilization of human resources. However, the existing studies are interested in the initial adaptation and acculturation. Therefore, this study focus on their career plan and preparation for employment in terms of utilization of human resources. To collect data, researcher met key informant and formed a relationship. Thereafter researchers have interviewed 10 science and engineering students. As a result, Vietnamese science and engineering students' preparation for employment in Korea, they have difficulties from language constraints, lack of willingness to get a job in Korea and lack of information. First, science and engineering students are struggling due to linguistic limitations. 그 The reason is that they have to communicate in Korean companies although they don’t have communication trouble in school. So, if they want to want to work in Korea, they are placed in an ironic situation that to study Korean again although engineering students communicate in English in university mainly. Second, another difficulty is willingness to work in Korea. The reason is that thy can get a better job when they go back to their home country. Third, Another limitation is the lack of information. Most of the participants have no opportunities about internship or job-related information. Therefore, various support systems is needed for foreign students. Various support programs and environment also need them to study Koreans.

The purpose of this study is to explore factors to have an effect on employment and the reason to choose employment of marriage migrant women. This study was performed from September 2013 to April 2014, and the participants in this study were nine Mongolian marriage migrant women and this is a qualitative case study by interviewing them in depth. The reason to choose Mongolian marriage migrant women as study participants was that it was judged to perform this study that there are many marriage migrant women with stable jobs compared to population for appearances of Mongolian people are similar to Korean people and the education level of women is high and have promising tendency. As a results of the study, the reason that marriage migrant women would choose jobs are following: first, to settle economic problems; second, to develop personally in the future; third, to develop themselves continuously; and fourth, to develop their abilities that they had in their homeland. In addition, factors to have the most powerful effect to choose jobs were analyzed according to individual, family and social parts. As a result, the individual factors were excellent intelligence of Mongolian people and similar appearance to Korean people and Asian way of thinking, and family factors were supports of husbands, and assistances of mothers-in- law and confidence for their children as mothers. And it was appeared that the social factors were various jobs related to multiculturalism in Korea, educational programs of multicultural center and multicultural support policy. It is expected to help job searching activities of other marriage migrant women and to consist programs to develop careers of marriage migrant women.

With the International Covenant on the Social, Economic, and Cultural Rights (Treaty No.6, in 1979), mandatory public education (Elementary and High schools) was guaranteed to foreign children in Japan. In the 1990s, in order to solve the problem concerning the decline in domestic labor force due to aging and low birth rates, the establishment of a national system for accepting foreign immigrants became the direct concern of the Japanese government. After the year 2000, school enrollment problems of those immigrant children came above water, and, that led to the enforcement of 'multicultural symbiotic societies’ policy which promoted child care, education, social security, and contribution to society, in an attempt to make the country a better, safer place for people to coexist. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of the Japanese multicultural education policy, and to draw the implications of educational support for immigrant children and adolescents in Korea. In order to achieve the goals stated above, we first analyzed the multicultural symbiotic educational policy framework in the web-sites of the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Cabinet Office, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication through the understanding of various literatures. Through these analyses, we could identify the various types of problems and challenges which had been at stake from 1991, until now, and have found some successful cases. Tasks and implications for Korea based on the results of this research were suggested as follows. Firstly, cooperation system focusing on schools and local government in local community should be established. Secondly, training procedure for teachers and professionals should be set to meet the needs of education institutes based on continuous research. Thirdly, enrollment of foreign students should be regarded as an opportunity for the whole school to be exposed to various cultures. Fourth, flexible teaching and learning methods should be developed for students to accept different languages more naturally through various cultural contexts with multicultural sensitivity. Based on the results of this study, we suggested some recommendations for future research of foreign children and adolescents education support.

The objects of multicultural education which are migrant worker, marriage migrant women, refugees from North Korea and so forth were migrated from their origin and are staying in new society. Homeland means not a simple space to be grown up but a place where someone has formed his identity. Individuals learn new cultures through experiences and identity in new settings once they settle down in new community. Nevertheless, current approach to multicultural education has not considered their prior experiences, context and identities. Multicultural Education considers these people as learners whose state are zero. According to this perspective, learners should build new cultural things. Educational discourses related to memory have been currently started with regard to collective memory and cultural memory. Memory has been utilized as original resources and in many academic fields, archiving work which is to collect and to research historic memories of common people has conducted. However, collecting knowledge on certain culture is a different dimension with considering learner’s cultural background. In this study, for multicultural education, we put emphasis on learner’s own cultural memory rather than their memories about Korean culture in the context of education for other culture understanding. Especially, this study is to explore the nostalgia of learner and possibility in cultural education. Nostalgia is strong emotion and memory toward homeland for these learners. Current research found that nostalgia is reflection and constituent of the present beyond memory on the past. It means it is a production of the future. Cultural education through nostalgia is important because people are able to identify learner’s needs and demands as well as cross-cultural approach. This perspective provides authentic multicultural education. That is, their own experience would not be excluded and ignored in the settings. To realize cultural education, archive on nostalgia, homeland, emotion and memory of learners has to be produced. Now, it is time to focus on nostalgia and memory of individuals.

According to precedent researches on the current situation of supporting facilities and organizations for immigrants per religions, it is consisted of 29 places by Buddhism, 146 places by the Roman Catholic Church and more than 600 places by protestant churches, so protestant churches take lots of possession extraordinarily compared to other religions. The purpose of this study is to examine the role and limitation of local churches for immigrants and seek plan to cooperate with local community. As for the research method, it was performed interview with the people in charge by selecting six churches for immigrants through research. As a result, local churches support various social networks and perform roles such as religious (worship and religious education) service, culture (Korean language and foods), welfare (medical treatment and education), human rights and missionary works etc. Those roles are a little bit different according to the characteristic of each church, but they performed both of the aspect of social function and the aspect of religious function. However, it was felt difficulties of human resources and lack of finance, limitation of lack of professional materials and limitation to form network between local residents. The plans to cooperate with the local community according to these are as follows: First, the local churches would open the support of human resources and materials to the local community. The material support and talent donation and recruiting volunteers would be opened to the local residents. Second, the organic relationship would be vitalized by raising connection between local churches and local multicultural centers and various related specialized institutions and organizations. Third, it would be prepared place of communication and living to live immigrants, local residents and local community together. For instance, it is the plan to create local multicultural place such as multicultural café etc. Local churches are related to the realities of live of immigrants but related to the realities of live of the natives. Therefore, if the role of churches for immigrants would be expanded to the local community beyond churches and the model in the multicultural age to communicate would be built, the local churches would be the driving forces to form multicultural society lives together.

Korea is advancing into a multicultural society due to the sudden rise in the number of foreigners living in the country. Accordingly, the figure of students from multicultural families has also increased. As a result, Korea is facing several social problems. For instance, conflicts and bullying in the schools among the students are growing due to racial and cultural differences. To combat these problems, the Korean government has implemented several multicultural policies. Korea’s ambition to become a multicultural society has brought changes in the classroom environment in schools as well. The Ministry of Education has put great efforts for the students from the multicultural families for their education and cultural adaptation. Despite several efforts, the adolescents who immigrated to Korea after their parents remarried to Koreans have caused maladjustment in the Korean schooling system. Through the study of existing literature and Focus Group Interviews (FGI) the proposed study tries to investigate Korea’s educational support policies for multicultural students (mid-entry adolescent immigrants) by analyzing the case of ‘Incheon Hannuri Multicultural School’, the first multicultural alternative school in Korea. First, the study performs a situational analysis of multicultural students and mid-entry adolescent immigrants in Korea and details their difficulties in the schools. Then, it studies the existing support policies for multicultural students and mid-entry adolescent immigrants in the country followed by a case study of multicultural alternative school for mid-entry adolescent immigrants. The study is expected to help draw out policy change process and characteristics of Korean multicultural education system. Second, it will be able to explore the aspect of school life maladjustment of the students from multicultural families. Third, it will also be able to draw out problems regarding educational support measures and help resolve the maladjustment of mid-entry immigrated adolescents in Korean schools. Not the least to mention, the study will provide a comparative discussion point between Korean and European multicultural education policies and practices.

다문화사회가 도래함에 따라 한국도 이주민이 늘어나고 있다. 특히 한국은 이주민 중에서도 결혼이 주여성의 비율 이 높으며, 결혼이주여성이 겪을 수 있는 법적문제들이 등장하고 있다. 2014년1월3일 이주여성긴급 지원센터에 따르 면 작년 1년간 접수한 상담은 총 86,250건(중복 상담 포함)으로 2012년보다 6.7%가 늘었고, 주요 상 담 이유는 부 부갈등, 이혼문제, 가정폭력, 체류문제 등이었다. 이와 같이 법적문제로 어려움을 겪는 결혼이주여 성을 위한 법적지원 이 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지 검토가 필요한 시점이다. 결혼이주여성에게 법적인 도움을 주는 법적지원서비스 지원기관은 정부기관과 민간단체로 구분할 수 있으며, 법적 지원서비스 지원기관과 내용은 다음과 같다. 결혼이주여성에게 법적지원서비스를 제공하는 정부기 관 혹은 정부 위탁 기관은 전국다문화가족사업지원단, 이주여성긴급지원센터, 한국여성노동자회, 대한법률구조공단 등이 있다. 여성가족 부에서 지원하는 전국다문화가족사업지원단은 재단법인 한국건강가정진흥원에서 운영하고 있으며 , 한국에 체류하는 외국인들의 문제 해결방법을 지원하는 상담서비스를 제공한다. 가족상담, 노동상담, 체류상담, 법률 상담 등을 제공한 다. 여성가족부에서 지원하는 이주여성긴급지원센터는 한국여성인권진흥원 가정폭력방지본부에서 운영하고 있으며 이 주여성을 위한 상담전화를 하고있다. 국적, 체류문제 등 법률상담도 받을 수 있으며, 결혼이주여성 과 상담 후 관련기 관과 연결시켜주는 일을 하고 있다. 정부위탁기관 한국여성노동자회는 직장 여성들이 겪는 성희롱, 임금체불, 고용불 안 등의 노동상담을 해주는 기관이다. 대한법률구조공단은 경제적으로 어려움에 처한 사람들에게 무료로 법률을 지원 하는 기관이며, 다문화가족을 위한 법문화 교육센터를 설립하여 다문화가족이 한국생활에 안정적으 로 정착할 수 있도 록 도와주고 있다. 결혼이주여성에게 법적지원서비스를 제공하는 민간단체는 한국이주여성인권센 터, 한국가정법률상 담소 등이 있다. 한국이주여성인권센터는 한국에 거주하고 있는 이주여성의 인권과 복지를 위해서 활동하고 있는 비 영리민간단체이며, 이주여성의 인권보호를 위한 기관이다. 한국가정법률상담소는 법률서비스를 무 료로 제공해주는 법 률구조기관이다. 이 외의 민간단체에서도 법적지원을 제공할 것으로 생각되나 모든 단체를 제시하 지 못했다는 한계점 이 있다. 이 연구에서 법적지원서비스 제공 현황을 파악함에 의하여 향후 법적지원서비스의 개선방향에 관한 연구가 진행될 수 있고, 법적지원서비스가 필요한 결혼이주여성에게 도움이 되기를 기대한다. 결혼이주여성의 법 적지원서비스 이용 실태와 그에 따른 문제점은 추후 과제로 돌린다.

Korea today is enormously different from what it was just a decade ago. We face students who are more diverse than ever in terms of race, language, ethnicity, culture, and other differences. Considering multicultural society, the importance of bilingual education is increasingly apparent. The purpose of this study is to explore the bilingual education program, and to suggest further assignments. Bilinguals and multilinguals can be analyzed along the following over-lapping and interacting dimensions: ability, use, balance of two languages, age, development, culture, contexts, elective bilingualism(Baker, 2011). The literature on bilingualism frequently spotlights one particular group of bilinguals whose competences in both language are well developed. In addition, Bachman(1990)’s model is valuable in that it considers both language competence and language performance. Language competence includes not only linguistic competence but also competence in different social and cultural situations with different people. According to the current research, the findings are as follows: first, it is focused on Korean language rather than a balanced bilingual. Balanced bilinguals are important when discussing the possible thinking advantages of bilingualism. Second, some classes emphasis on understanding Korean culture. There is no doubt that it is necessary for children from multicultural families. The problem is that it might become assimilation. Third, diverse experience is crucial for children, and it has positive effect on academic learning. However, some programs are irrelevant and unsystematic program. For example, bilingual classes offer beads handcraft, making cell phon straps, and hair bands, etc. Final, although language is closely connected with identity, it is insufficient that bilingual education program for comprehension and establishment of positive identity. Bilingualism and multilingualism can throw matters of identity into sharper relief, because of perceived threats to one or more language. The result is that the most compelling issues surrounding bilingualism are social and psychological. Beyond utilitarian and unemotional instrumentality, the heart of bilingualism has to do with identity and belonging. Children, especially who are from multicultural families, have potentialities of language competence. Multicultural schools should provide the bilingual education program with more diverse attention and perspective.