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This study investigated how the NESTs reflect themselves from their teaching experiences and how their reflections are implied to Korean English Education. The participants were the four NESTs who taught English conversation classes in one of the universities in Busan. The data were collected in the spring semester of 2010 by conducting personal interviews, email exchanges with the researcher, and open-ended surveys. The data were analyzed through content analysis. Salient patterns were identified through the coding. The themes(findings) include that: 1) perspectives on English education in macro and micro level, and on their own identity; 2) views on teaching pedagogy including pedagogical strategies, students' attitudes towards class engagement, and conversational styles and thinking processes; and 3) educational suggestions including for the government, teaching methods, and effective English learning. In the findings section, more detailed information for the themes is provided.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the in-depth perceptions of newborn care among North Korean refugee women through focus group interviews. This research aims to provide foundational data for developing newborn care education programs tai- lored for North Korean refugee women preparing for motherhood. Methods: This qualitative study employed focus groups to investigate perceptions of neonatal care among North Korean refugee women of childbearing age (20?45 years old). Conducted from August to September 2022, the sessions included five non-preg- nant women and four who were currently pregnant. Results: Both pregnant and non-pregnant women expressed ambivalent feelings, char- acterized by a blend of expectation and fear regarding childrearing. Pregnant women ar- ticulated specific parenting strategies and viewed childrearing as a more tangible re- sponsibility in light of physical changes and social isolation. In contrast, non-pregnant women expressed vague aversion and anxiety about the lack of information and support systems, stating that they could only endure childrearing with adequate external sup- port. Notably, pregnant women emphasized the psychological conflict stemming from disrupted self-realization and shifts in their identities as mothers. Conclusion: This study revealed differences in childrearing perceptions among North Korean refugee women based on their pregnancy status. It underscores the necessity for developing customized education programs that consider life stages and psychological readiness, as well as the importance of establishing social support systems

분석적 음악 치료 훈련에서는 개인치료 경험을 포함한 경험적 학습의 중요성을 강조한다. 이 연구의 목적은 분석적 음악치료 훈련생이 훈련에서 개인치료를 통해 어떠한 경험을 했는지 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 분석적 음악치료 훈련 중 개인치료 및 상호치료를 경험한 7명의 참여자에게 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 참여자의 개인 치료 경험을 단계에 따라 5개의 주제와 15개의 소주 제를 도출하였다. 이는 1) 개인치료에 대한 선입견: 경험적 학습, 자기 관리의 기회, 모국어를 통한 의 사 소통, 2) 이해의 확장: 음악에 대한 새로운 관점, 정신 역동에 대한 이해, 비음악 중재 기술의 발 전, 3) 개인치료의 어려움: 정신 역동 과정에 접근, 온라인 치료 경험에 적응, 훈련가에 의한 개인치료 의 리스크, 4) 자기 인식: 자기 이해, 저항, 음악을 통한 정서 확장 및 표현, 자기 돌봄, 5) 성장: 개인 및 직업적 성장으로 나타났다. 따라서 훈련에서 개인치료가 훈련생에게 개인적으로나 직업적으로 자신 에 대한 인식과 이해, 성장에 이르는 의미 있는 경험이 되었으며, 이는 개인치료가 교육과정에서 경험 적 학습으로 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사한다.

The analytical music therapy (AMT) training emphasized the significance of experiential learning, including the experience of personal therapy. The purpose of the study is to examine what the trainees experienced during personal therapy in the training. Focus group interview (FGI) was applied as the research methodology. Data were collected from 7 participants who are the trainees that experienced personal therapy and intertherapy in the AMT training. The interview was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed, and 5 themes and 15 subthemes were derived from the data. According to the phases of the participants’ personal therapy experiences. The data from the FGI was categorized into the following themes: 1) preconception of personal therapy: experiential learning, opportunity of self-care, and in-depth communication in native language, 2) expansion of comprehension: new perspective on music, understanding on psychodynamics, and development of non-music intervention skills, 3) challenges in personal therapy: access to the psychodynamics process, adapt to the online therapy experience, and risks of personal therapy by a trainer, 4) self-awareness: self-understanding, resistance, emotional expansion and expression through music, and self-care, 5) growth: personal and professional growth. The results suggested that the personal therapy in the training became meaningful experiences to trainees personally and professionally, and has potential as experiential learning in the curriculum.

Compliance with a rehabilitation program is significant among athletes following a sports injury. It is also one of the main factors that influence the rehabilitation process; moreover, the outcome is also influenced by the athlete’s motivation. It is primarily an autonomous motivation, result-ing in rehabilitation adherence. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived motivation of female football players during rehabilitation after a sports injury and the extent to which these motivating factors were autonomous. Qualitative interviews, based on a semistructured interview guide with injured female football players undergoing rehabil-itation, were analyzed using content analysis. The motivational factors that were described were their set goals, social support as well as ex-ternal and internal pressures during rehabilitation. The perceived au-tonomy varied somewhat but overall, they experienced external motiva-tion; therefore, the behavior was not entirely self-determined. Results are expected to provide a better understanding of women football play-ers’ motivation in relation to their rehabilitation; hence, physiotherapists and coaches who are part of the rehabilitation process can contribute by increasing the autonomous motivation, thus, improving the compli-ance and outcome of the rehabilitation.

The purpose of this paper is to present a potentially useful interview template for longitudinal, qualitative ESL motivation research. For this purpose, I recruited 10 Korean ESL learners in Toronto, Canada to investigate the differential effects of three types of interviews (i.e., open-ended, semi-structured, and structured interviews) for eliciting learners’ comments on ESL learning motivation. Each participant was interviewed two or three times over four months. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. Thematic analyses based on Ratner’s (2002) meaning unit indicated that for initial exploratory purposes, open-ended formats are the most appropriate; whereas for subsequent investigations, semi-structured formats are the most effective. The beneficial washback experienced as a result of the interviews strongly supports the use of these methods, not only as research tools but as learning tools for enhancing learners’ metacognitive awareness of their own ESL learning and for their emotional stabilization.

본 연구의 목적은 중소병원 임상간호사의 감염관리 교육 경험을 탐색하기 위함이다. 자료는 2021년 10월 4일부터 10월 14일까지 10명의 임상간호사를 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통해 수집하였다. 심층 인터뷰 및 현장노트를 통해 수집된 자료를 내용분석한 결과, 임상간호사의 감염관리 교육 경험은 1) 코로나바이러스감염증-19로 변화된 형식적인 교육, 2) 이론교육과 실무의 큰 격차, 3) 교육에 소홀할 수밖에 없는 병원의 구조적 문제, 4) 자아성장을 이끈 학습경험, 4개의 주제, 9개의 하위 주제로 구성되었 다. 본 연구 결과 감염관리 교육은 인적 자원과 물리적 · 환경적 요인으로 인해 제한적이긴 하지만 임상간호사는 새로운 지식 습득과 자기 성찰을 통해 자기 성장을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 감염관리 교육을 촉진시키기 위해서는 간호인력 지원과 감염관리 담당 간호사의 역량 강화, 전문성을 포함한 실무교육 제공이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of infection control education of clinical nurses in small and medium-sized hospitals. Data were collected through focus group interviews with 10 clinical nurses from October 4 to October 14, 2021. The content analysis of in-depth interviews and field notes revealed four themes: 1) perfunctory education influenced by COVID-19, 2) gap between theoretical education and practice, 3) structural issues in hospitals that inevitably resulted in education neglect, and 4) educational experience that facilitated self-growth. The study findings revealed that although infection control education was limited due to lack of personal resources and environmental factors, clinical nurses could acquire new knowledge and experience self-growth through self-reflection. The study highlights the need to support nursing staff, strengthen the competency of infection control nurses, and provide practical and professional education to facilitate infection control education.

본 연구는 유사 안전교육체험시설이 증가하고 학령인구가 감소하는 환경에서 소방체험관의 특성화 및 경쟁력 확보를 목적으로 하여 개선방안을 수립하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 3C분석, 전문가 심층면접 등을 바탕으로 SWOT 분석을 실시하였다. 3C분석을 통해 방문객, 타 기관, 소방기관의 특성 및 변화 가능성을 분석하였고, 전문가 심층면접을 통해 소방 조직 내외부 전문가들의 의견을 수렴하고, 안전교육 전망 의견을 취합하였다. 3C분석과 심층면접 분석 결과를 바탕으로 SWOT 요인 9개를 도출하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 개선방안(전략) 4가지를 제시하였다. SO전략으로 ‘소방청 주도 안전교육 프로그램 개발⋅보급’을 제시하였고, ST전략으로 ‘소방안전교육강사 전문성 강화’를 제시 하였다. WO 전략으로 ‘소방기관간 안전교육 프로그램 홍보 강화’를 제시하였고, WT전략으로 ‘체험 연령층의 확대 및 소방만 가능한 교육 콘텐츠 개발’을 제시하였다.

This study attempted to establish improvement measures for the purpose of characterizing fire service experience halls and securing competitiveness. In this study, SWOT analysis was conducted based on 3C analysis and in-depth interviews with experts. Through 3C analysis, the characteristics and potential for change of visitors, other organizations and fire service organizations were analyzed, and opinions of internal and external experts of the fire service were collected through in-depth interviews with experts, and opinions on safety education prospects were collected. Based on the results of the 3C analysis and the in-depth interview analysis, nine SWOT factors were derived, and four improvement measures(strategies) were presented based on this. As an SO strategy, 'Development and distribution of safety education programs led by the National Fire Agency' was suggested, and as an ST strategy, 'strengthening the expertise of fire safety education instructors'. As a WO strategy, 'connection and promotion strengthening of safety education programs between fire agencies' was suggested, and as a WT strategy, 'expanding the experience age group and developing educational contents that can only fire agencies has’ was suggested.

본 연구의 목적은 닥터헬기 응급의료종사자의 탑승자 집체 교육 경험을 탐색하기 위함이다. 자료 수집기 간은 2021년 3월 25일부터 4월 1일이며, 자료수집은 닥터헬기를 탑승하는 6명의 응급의료종사자를 대상 으로 초점 집단 인터뷰를 시행하였다. 심층 인터뷰와 현장노트를 통해 수집된 자료 내용을 분석한 결과, 닥터헬기 응급의료종사자의 탑승자 집체 교육 경험은 1) 형식적인 입문 교육 2) 유연하지 않은 역량 3) 이루어지지 않는 질 관리로 3개의 주제, 7개의 하위 주제로 구성되었다. 본 연구 결과 탑승자 집체교육 은 다양한 변수가 발생할수 있는 현장 적용이 가능하고 실질적이면서 팀워크 및 개인 역량 강화를 할 수 있는 새로운 교육 프로그램이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 안전한 항공이송 체계를 구축하기 위해서는 현장 요구도를 반영한 과학적이면서 체계적이고 역량을 강화할수 있는 실무교육 제공과 주기적인 질 관리가 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of Doctor Helicopter Emergency Medical Workers in collective training programs. Data collection was conducted through focus group interviews with six Emergency Medical Workers from March 25 to April 1, 2021. Analysis of data collected from in-depth interviews and field notes revealed that the collective education experiences of these professionals consist of three main themes and seven sub-themes: 1) Perfunctory gateway education, 2) Inflexible competency, 3) Non-implementation of quality management. According to the results of this study, the collective training programs for Emergency Medical Workers were merely perfunctory basic education. There is a need for new, field-applicable collective training programs that are practical and capable of enhancing teamwork and individual skills among Doctor Helicopter emergency medical workers. To establish a safe air transport system, it is necessary to provide scientific and systematic education that reflects on-site demands, along with quality management.

This study explored the effectiveness and areas for improvement of regional global game centers through in-depth interviews with experts in the game industry. The expert interviews revealed a generally negative perception regarding the current effectiveness of these centers. Nevertheless, the majority of experts argued for the continued existence of regional global game centers. Perspectives were offered suggesting that the high performance attributed to the Seoul metropolitan area might be an illusion created by a few large corporations, and that the role of regional global game centers is crucial in the current market structure where indie games are gaining prominence. Furthermore, the phenomenon of Seoul-based companies relocating to regional areas could have a positive effect by allowing developers with the will and experience in game development to remain in the industry and thrive in local regions. As for improvements, increasing the expertise and fairness of evaluation committees and developing and applying innovative evaluation metrics that reflect the unique characteristics of the game industry, rather than outdated quantitative performance indicators (KPIs), were prioritized. Specifically, given that games do not generate revenue during their development period and create high value with a small number of personnel, the experts criticized uniform metric targets like sales or new hires, stating they lead to superficial game development and marginalize promising small-scale companies.

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to understand emotional responses and perceptions about pictorial cigarette health warnings in Korea. Methods: This study conducted focus group interviews with adult men, adult women, and male adolescents, asking the participants about their emotional reactions and thoughts regarding pictorial cigarette health warning images. Results: This study found that participants frequently mention negative emotions such as disgust and guilt upon exposure to cigarette health warning images. Participants also cited perceived relevance between themselves and warning images, and perceived relevance between smoking and warning images in order to select effective images for smoking prevention and cessation. In particular, as participants experienced more disgust and relevance to themselves from warnings, they were more likely to consider smoking cessation and prevention. In addition, guilt was frequently mentioned among female and adolescent participants after exposed to the image of fetus secondhand smoke. Conclusion: We suggest that pictorial cigarette health warning theme selection should be based on 1) images with potential to elicit negative emotions, such as those depicting externally noticeable diseases and secondhand smoke, and 2) realistic problems directly related to smoking.

본 연구는 예비유아교사를 위한 이미지 메이킹 교육에 대한 인식과 필요성을 면담을 통한 질적인 방법으 로 살펴보았다. 연구자는 연구 참여자 9명을 대상으로 2022년 11월부터 2023년 1월까지 약 3개월 동안 개별면담 을 실시하여 자료를 수집 및 분석하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 결과 범주는 크게 유아교사의 이미지와 이미지 메이킹 교육에 대한 요구로 나타났다. 유아교사의 이미지는 ‘유아교사다움’으로 정리되어 예쁜 얼굴과 밝은 미소를 가진 교사, 긍정적인 태도로 상냥하게 말하는 교사, 자신감이 있고 전문적인 교사로 나타났다. 이미지 메이 킹 교육에 대한 요구는 메이크업, 헤어스타일, 표정 등에 대한 외적 이미지 교육, 부드러운 대화법 및 성실과 인 내, 배려와 감사 등에 대한 내적 이미지 교육, 나의 장･단점과 유아교사직에 대해 비전을 설계해보는 미래 이미지 교육으로 분석하였다. 본 연구는 개별면담을 통한 질적 분석의 방법으로 예비유아교사를 위한 이미지 메이킹 교육 에 대한 인식과 필요성을 분석하였다는데 중요한 의미를 지니며, 교사를 대상으로 한 이미지 메이킹 교육에 대한 기초자료를 제공하는데 의의가 있다.

This study examined the perception and necessity of image making education for pre-service early childhood teachers in a qualitative way through interviews. The researcher collected and analyzed data by conducting individual interviews with 9 research participants for about 3 months from November 2022 to January 2023, and derived the following results. The result category was largely the image of early childhood teachers and the demand for image making education. The image of an early childhood teacher was organized into ‘likeness of an early childhood teacher’ and appeared as a teacher with a pretty face and a bright smile, a teacher who speaks kindly with a positive attitude, and a confident and professional teacher. The demand for image making education is external image education for makeup, hairstyle, facial expression, etc., internal image education for gentle conversation, sincerity, perseverance, consideration and gratitude, future image education to design a vision for my strengths and weaknesses and early childhood teaching. analyzed. This study has an important meaning in that it analyzed the perception and necessity of image making education for pre-service early childhood teachers as a qualitative analysis method through individual interviews, and provides basic data for image making education for teachers. It is meaningful.

Background: Drugs are essential to cure diseases and it is crucial to maintain the safety and stability of drugs during the supply chain process. Therefore, the Korean government manages drug distribution in accordance with the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, even if the efficacy of drugs is guaranteed through manufacturing. The drug wholesale distribution market continues to grow and the types of wholesalers are diversifying. This study aims to identify issues related to drug distribution and to draw improvement measures. Methods: In order to explore a plurality of perspectives, data were obtained from five focus groups composed of employees from pharmaceutical companies, wholesalers, hospitals, pharmacies, and public health center. A semi-structured guide was applied in obtaining the participants’ opinions. Common themes were extracted by authors, which were used to gather results and draw conclusion. Results: Participants acknowledged that as the number of wholesale transactions increases, the drug supply chain becomes complicated, making it difficult to check the transparent distribution flow. Participants concerned about low barrier to market entry by wholesalers, soft regulation of distribution management, and conflict of interest among players in drug market. Conclusions: This study suggest that solid regulations on wholesalers and a fair pharmaceutical trading environment should be effective strategies to enhancing the transparency of pharmaceutical drug structures.

This study explores a unique case of charitable giving that goes beyond conventional monetary donations, focusing on an elderly American couple who voluntarily hosted an Afghan refugee family in their home following the U.S. military withdrawal from Afghanistan. Through four in-depth interviews with the couple, the research investigates their motivations, the rules and arrangements established for cohabitation, the dynamics of intercultural relationships, and the long-term aspirations shared by both families. The findings reveal that empathy derived from personal experiences, clear agreements on daily living, and mutual respect played crucial roles in sustaining this cross-cultural household. Moreover, the couple’s support extended beyond housing to include education, financial mentoring, and emotional care, enabling the refugee family to pursue independence and social integration. The study highlights that refugee settlement is not only a policy issue but also a community and individual endeavor. Drawing implications for Korea, the case demonstrates the potential of intergenerational housing and the utilization of vacant homes in addressing structural challenges such as aging, rural depopulation, and youth housing insecurity. From a management perspective, the case illustrates how structured arrangements, resource sharing, and mutual learning can generate social value and contribute to sustainable refugee integration. Ultimately, this research argues that refugee acceptance should be understood as a reciprocal process of hospitality and growth, offering valuable lessons for policymakers, local communities, and civil society actors in Korea and beyond.

학교폭력은 오래전부터 우리 사회에 큰 문제로 인식되어 왔다. 현재 학교폭력이 줄고 있으나, 이에 반해 사 이버 학교폭력이 등장하여 새로이 진화하고 있다. 인터넷의 익명성, 보안성으로 인해 가해자를 식별하기 어렵 고, 학교 밖에서 이뤄지는 등 특정하기 어렵다. 우리 사회는 사이버 학교폭력을 예방하기 위해 노력하고 있으 나 한계가 있을 수밖에 없다. 본 연구에서는 사이버 학교폭력의 학교 현장 실태를 알기 위해 초점집단인터뷰를 하였다. 그리고 인터뷰 결과에 따라 이에 대한 신경과학적 접근 방법론을 제시하였다. 이론적 배경으로 박수이 론을 근거로 하여, 범죄 동기에 주목하였다. 범죄 동기는 사람이 행위 주체자로 하기에 개인의 생물학적 특수 성을 분석해 사전 예방이 가능할 것으로 보았다. AI와 신경과학의 융합기술을 교육 현장에 적용해 맞춤형 교육 을 통해 인성과 도덕성을 함양해 범죄 동기를 낮출 가능성을 제안하였다. 다만 과학기술에 대한 지나친 맹신은 경계해야 하며, 사회적 합의와 윤리기준 마련이 선행되어야 한다. 이론적 논의에 그치지 않고 범정부 차원에서 사이버 학교폭력 실태조사와 법정책적 대응 방안 마련이 시급함을 강조한다.

School violence has long been recognized as a serious issue in our society. Although traditional forms of school violence have recently declined, cyberbullying has emerged and continues to evolve. Due to the anonymity and perceived safety of the internet, identifying perpetrators is often challenging—especially when incidents occur outside school grounds. While society continues to make efforts to prevent cyberbullying, these efforts inevitably face limitations. This study conducted focus group interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the current state of cyberbullying in schools. Based on the findings, it proposes a neuroscience‑based methodological approach. Using clap theory as its theoretical framework, the study examines the roots of criminal motivation. Since individuals are ultimately responsible for their actions, it suggests that prevention may be possible by analyzing their biological characteristics. By integrating AI and neuroscience technologies into education, the study further proposes that customized educational programs could reduce criminal motivation by fostering character and moral development. However, the study also warns against excessive reliance on science and technology and stresses the importance of social consensus and clear ethical standards. Beyond theoretical discussion, it emphasizes the urgent need to investigate the real-world dynamics of cyberbullying and to establish effective legal and policy measures at the governmental level.

한국 방송광고 규제 체계가 디지털·글로벌 미디어 환경의 구조적 전환에 조응하지 못하고 있다는 문제의식 아래, 광고규제 현장의 실제 작동 방식과 개선 과제를 업계 전문가의 경험을 통해 실증적으로 탐색한다. 이를 위해 광고회사, OTT사, 매체사(SO·IPTV·PP), 제작사(드라마·예능) 등 4개 그룹 11명의 현업 전문가를 대상으로 반구조화된 인터뷰를 실시했다. 이론적 틀로는 규제 지체론(regulatory lag), 위축 효과(chilling effect), 반응적 규제론(responsive regulation), 기술 중립적 규제론(technological neutrality) 등을 원용했다. 분석 결과, 현행 규제의핵심적 문제는 ① 1970∼80년대 지상파 독과점 시대를 전제로 한 플랫폼 중심 규제 프레임의구조적 지체, ② 심의 기준의 모호성에서 비롯되는 사업자의 자기검열 일상화, ③ 법적 규제 대상이 아닌 OTT에까지 방송 규제가 간접 전이되는 ‘규제의 확산적 위축 효과’로 수렴되었다. 전문가들은 포지티브 규제에서 네거티브 규제로의 전환, 콘텐츠 기반 매체 중립적 규제 체계 수립, 타이틀 스폰서십 도입을 통한 시장 활력 제고, ‘규제 수출’ 중단, 데이터 기반 기술 표준 선점, 그리고 대형·중소 사업자 간 차등적 규제 적용을 대안으로 제시했다. 이 연구는 규제 현장의미시적 경험을 통해 구조적 규제 실패의 메커니즘을 밝히고, 업계 실무자의 시각에서 실현 가능한 규제 합리화 경로를 모색했다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

This study examines the structural limitations of Korea’s broadcast advertising regulatory system in adapting to the digital and global media environment. Based on semi-structured interviews with 11 industry experts across advertising agencies, OTT platforms, media operators, and production companies, it explores how regulation operates in practice and identifies key challenges. Drawing on regulatory lag, the chilling effect, responsive regulation, and technological neutrality, the findings highlight three main issues: (1) persistent regulatory lag rooted in a platform-centric framework, (2) routinized self-censorship due to ambiguous review standards, and (3) a “diffusive chilling effect” in which broadcast regulations indirectly extend to OTT platforms. Experts suggest policy alternatives including a shift to negative regulation, the adoption of a content-based media-neutral framework, the introduction of title sponsorship, differentiated regulation by firm size, and the development of data-driven standards. This study contributes by identifying mechanisms of structural regulatory failure and proposing practical pathways for regulatory rationalization in the Korean context.

본 연구는 현업 종사자를 대상으로 한 심층 인터뷰를 통해 선거여론조사와 선거여 론조사 보도에 관한 현실적인 개선방안을 알아보고자 하는 연구이다 학술적으로나 . 사회적으로 선거여론조사 및 보도에 관한 동일한 지적들이 반복되고 있는 상황에서, 실제 현업의 목소리를 듣는 기회가 많지 않았다는 점에 착안하였다 즉 본 연구는 현 . , 실의 문제를 탐구하고 이를 바탕으로 설득력 있는 개선 방안에 관한 토론을 이끌어내 , 기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다 그 결과 다음과 같은 사항들을 도출하였다 첫째 표본 . . , 추출을 위한 표본틀이 그동안 상당히 개선되었음에도 불구하고 앞으로 가상 번호에 , 대한 투명성 확보와 확대 적용에 대한 필요성이 논의될 필요가 있다 둘째 공표금지 . , 기간에 대한 새로운 정립이 필요하다 선거여론조사가 가지는 정확성에 대한 의구심 . 과 사전선거 그리고 소셜미디어 반응 분석 등이 존재하는 상황에서 공표금지 기간이 , 가지는 본래의 취지가 달성되기 힘든 것으로 보인다 셋째 오차범위 표기에 대한 새 . , 로운 기법이 필요하다 현실적으로 관심이 큰 격전 상황에서 오차범위 이내 경쟁이 나 . 타나기 쉽지 않으므로 오히려 오차범위를 실제로 눈에 띄는 방식을 통해 보도하는 식 , 등이 대안적 방식에 대한 고민이 현재의 어려운 통계적 설명보다 더 현실적일 수 있 다 넷째 기자 대상 여론조사 관련 지식 교육은 실효성이 떨어져 전반적인 언론사의 . , , 보도 문화 변화를 꾀해야 할 것으로 보인다.

This study attempts to identify realistic ways to improve election polling and the coverage of the election polling through in-depth interviews with people who operate in the field. this research seeks to suggest feasible strategies to enhance election polling and election polling coverage. The goal of this research is to investigate genuine difficulties and to lead a conversation on persuasive reform measures based on the fact that there are few chances to hear from individuals who operate in the field while the same comments about election polls and reporting are regularly made. The study's findings are as follows. First, while the sampling framework has improved considerably over the years, there is still a need for more transparency and wider application of virtual numbers in the future. Second, the time frame of blackout period needs to be reconsidered. In the face of doubts about the accuracy of election opinion polls, pre-election and social media reaction analysis, it seems that the legitmacy of the blackout period is diminishing. Finally, a new method of representing the margin of error is required. In practice, it is not easy to see a race within the margin of error in high-stakes contests, so reporting the margin of error in a way that is actually noticeable may be more realistic than statistical explanations that are difficult to understand by the public. Fourth, training journalists on statistcal meaning for polling and survey method is unlikely to be effective, and it may be necessary to change the overall reporting culture of the media.

본 연구는 간호대학생의 인공지능(AI) 활용 학습 경험과 교육요구도를 심층적으로 탐색하기 위한 질적연구이다. 일개 대학 간호학과 3학년 학생 15명을 대상으로 각 5명씩 3개의 포커스 그룹을 구성하여 2025년 11월 3일부터 12월 11일까지 그룹당 80~100분의 반구조화 면담을 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 Braun과 Clarke의 주제분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 4개의 핵심 주제와 12개의 하위 주제가 도출되었다. ‘맞춤형 교육 경험의 부재와 학습 격차에 대한 인식’, ‘생성형 AI 활용의 양면성(편의성과 신뢰성의 딜레마)’, ‘개인 맞춤형 학습도구에 대한 기대 기능과 수용 조건’, ‘시뮬레이션 학습 및 기초의학 교과목에서의 AI 통합 요구’였다. 간호대학생은 개인별 취약점 진단과 처방적 피드백, 국가고시 대비 맞춤형 문항, 임상 실습 연계 가상 환자 시뮬레이션 기능이 통합된 개인 맞춤형 학습도구를 요구하였으며, 생성형 AI 정보의 정확성에 대한 불안을 해소할 수 있는 검증된 콘텐츠 교육의 필요성이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 간호교육에 최적화된 AI 기반 개인 맞춤형 학습도구의 설계와 교육과정 통합 방안 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' experiences with artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced learning and their educational needs, employing a qualitative research design. Fifteen third-year nursing students at a single university were recruited and organized into three focus groups of five participants each. Semi-structured interviews lasting 80 to 100 minutes per group were conducted from November 3 to December 11, 2025, and the collected data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method. The analysis yielded four core themes and twelve sub-themes. The core themes included: (1) the absence of personalized educational experiences and awareness of learning gaps; (2) the ambivalence of generative AI use (demonstrating a dilemma between convenience and reliability); (3) expected functions of and conditions for accepting adaptive learning tools; and (4) need for AI integration in simulation-based learning and basic medical science courses. In the study, nursing students requested adaptive learning tools to integrate individualized weakness diagnosis and prescriptive feedback, customized items for national licensing exam preparation, and virtual patient simulation functions linked to clinical practicum. The study findings highlight the need for education to use verified content to alleviate anxiety regarding the accuracy of generative AI information. These findings can provide a baseline for designing AI-based adaptive learning tools optimized for nursing education and establishing strategies for curriculum integration.

본 연구는 미술치료사 발달 수준에 따라 임상현장에서 겪는 윤리적 딜레마의 경험과 대처를 확인하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구 참여자는 17명의 미술치료사를 경력에 따라 초급, 중급, 전문가의 발달 수준으로 나누어 포커스 그룹 인터뷰(FGI)를 진행하였다. 수집된 자료는 Braun & Clarke(2006)의 6단계 분석 방법을 활용하였다. 그 결과 각 수준별 3개의 중심의미와, 그에 따른 32개의 주제가 도출되었으며, 도출된 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 참여자들은 실제 현장에서 경험하는 윤리적 딜레마 상황과 윤리규정 적용의 어려움에 대해 진술하였다. 둘째, 참여자들이 윤리적 딜레마 상황에서 대처하는 태도는 발달 수준이 높아질수록 더 적극적이고 자발적으로 이루어졌다. 셋째, 참여자들은 지금까지의 윤리 교육이 충분하지 않다고 인식하였고, 미술치료 실제 현장의 이해가 자세히 반영된 윤리교육이 의무교육으로 자리 잡아 주기적으로 시행되길 원하고 있었다. 이같이 미술치료사의 발달 수준에 따른 윤리적 딜레마 경험과 대처의 차이를 확인하고, 각 수준에 따른 윤리 교육의 세분화와 시대의 변화에 따른 윤리규정 개정의 필요성을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대하여 논의하였다.

This study aimed to examine the experiences of ethical dilemmas and coping strategies encountered by art therapists in clinical settings, focusing on their developmental levels. The study recruited 17 art therapists categorized into three levels: beginner, intermediate, and expert group. Data from focus group interviews were analyzed using a six-step method for thematic analysis developed by Braun and Clarke(2006), revealing three core meanings and 32 themes for each level. First, participants described the ethical dilemmas they faced in clinical practice and the difficulties in applying ethical guidelines. Second, as their developmental level progressed, their attitude for addressing ethical dilemmas became increasingly proactive and independent. Third, participants perceived previous ethics education as insufficient and emphasized the need for mandatory ethics training. They preferred training that included detailed insights into real-world clinical situations and was implemented periodically. This study highlighted the differences in experiences and coping mechanisms related to ethical dilemmas faced by art therapists at various stages of their careers. The study emphasized the need for customized ethics education and updated guidelines to reflect contemporary developments. Additionally, the study discussed its significance and limitations.