Earticle

본 연구에서는 리턴값 기반 에러 처리를 예외 기반 에러 처리로 변환하는 exception_cast를 제안한다. 함수의 리턴값이나 상태 변수를 사용하는 에러 처리 방식은 에러가 발생했을 때 프로그램 수행을 강제적으로 제어할 수단이 없기 때문에 에러 발생 시점과 에러 검출 시점이 일치하지 않을 수 있다. 예외는 프로그램의 실행을 제어할 수 있으며, 에러 처리 코드의 중복을 줄이기 때문에 에러에 견고한 코드를 작성하는데 유리하다. exception_cast는 예외 처리의 장점을 활용하기 위해, 리턴값이나 상태 변수로 에러를 나타내는 함수들이 일관적으로 예외를 사용하도록 변환한다. exception_cast는 C++ RTTI(RunTime Type Information) 형변환 연산자의 개념을 확장한 것이며, 함수의 수행 결과값이 에러를 검출하기 위해 사용된다는 것을 명시적으로 나타낸다.

We propose exception_cast operator that converts return-value-based error handling mechanism to exception-based one. Because return-value-based error handlers can not control the program’s execution, the time of error occurrence and its detection may be different. Exception leads to build strong error-tolerant programs because it can control a program’s execution and reduce duplication of erroneous codes. The exception_cast compels functions that represent their error as return values or status variables to exploit exceptions consistently in order to make the best use of advantages of exception. It extends C++ RTTI (RunTime Type Information) type-casting operators and shows that return value is used to detect errors explicitly

English place-names ending in -wich and -wick (henceforth EPNWh and EPNWk, respectively) sometimes exhibit /w/-deletion, which is idiosyncratic in English phonology. For example, the suffix-initial /w/ is deleted after certain root-final consonants like /r/, /l/, /n/, and /m/: e.g. Norwich [nɔrɪʧ], Greenwich [grɪnɪʧ], Woolwich [wʊlɪʧ], Bromwich [brɔmɪʧ], Warwick [wɔrɪk], Alnwick [ænɪk]. After other segments, on the other hand, the suffix-initial /w/ is pronounced, as in Ipswich [ɪpswɪʧ], Northwich [nɔɵwɪʧ], Gatwick [gætwɪk]. Pickwick [pɪkwɪk], etc. This study conducted an online survey experiment using written forms to identify native speaker’s knowledge of morpheme-specific phonology involved in EPNWh and EPNWk. Total 42 actual and nonce words are tested by 43 respondents. The result is that morpheme-specific phonology in EPNWh and EPNWk was not equally productive to native speakers of British English. The suffix -wich was more likely to trigger /w/-deletion than -wick. The -wich was much more likely to delete /w/ than hypothetical -wid. However, the difference between -wick and -wid was not statistically significant. In addition, derivational rule-ordering in EPNWh and EPNWh was not sensitive to suffixes. Nevertheless, some native speakers equally reflected derivation in pronouncing the place-names.

본고에서는 근대천황제국가를 전근대 봉건사회 및 전후천황제와의 관계 속에서의 양면성을 고찰해 보았다. 천황제의 연속과 단절, 천황제 인식에서의 보편과 특수, 천황의 통치권 총람과 상징 문제, 민중에 대한 불신과 신뢰이란 네 쌍의 분석틀을 사용하여 분석하여 보았고, 천황/천황제의 역사(정치) 책임이라는 문제를 음미해보고자 했다. 전근대 봉건사회와의 연속과 단절을 하부구조에서의 연속성과 단절성, 절대군주제와 부르주아 군주제론, 천황제 파시즘론, 입헌군주제론, 민중통치와의 관련성을 살펴보았고, 메이지 헌법과 전후 헌법의 연속과 단절 문제, 대중천황제 문제, 민중의 천황제 인식 문제를 다루었으며, 천황제 및 천황의 역사책임 문제를 전망해 보았다.

This article aims at focusing on reviewing the structure of Tenno or Japanese Empire by examining two dimensions of critics on modern Japanese Imperial State which was related with premodern feudal society and postwar Japanese Emperor system. This article analyses four pairs of dimensions which are included in continuity/extinction, generality/exception, symbolic/direct imperial rule, trust/distrust to people in Meiji Constitution state system and Postwar one. An issue on historical responsibility and political accountability of Japanese Emperor/Japanese imperial system will emerge through this analysis.

This article is related to the requirements of non-prejudicial disclosures as to invention disclosed several times before the filing of the patent application and relevancy of the disclosures. Patent is an award of opening new and useful technology to the public. Therefore, in principle, a publicly known invention prior to the filing of the patent application is not eligible to be patented. However, in order to encourage early publication of an invention and achieve the purpose of Patent Law more effectively, Korean Patent Law permits an exception under restricted conditions. According to the Article 30 of Patent Law, even if an invention is disclosed prior to the filing of the patent application, the invention is not considered to be publicly known when the required conditions set forth in the Article are met. There are two types of disclosures not be regarded as publicly opened. One is disclosure made by a person who has a right to obtain a patent. Another is made against the intention of a person with the right to obtain a patent. As to the latter, the exception is recognized with the requirements as follows. (i) A patent application shall be filed within six month from the date of disclosure, (ii) The purport of taking advantage of the provision of Article 30 shall be stated in the application; and (iii) Documents proving the relevant facts shall be submitted within thirty days from the filing date. In addition, if there are several disclosures before the filing of the patent application, the statement of the purport of taking advantage and the submission of the documents should be submitted as to every disclosure respectively. Under the Korean Patent Examination Guideline, only if the disclosure made after the first disclosure is the same with the first one in contents and closely related with the first one, the statement and the submission of the documents can be omitted. The meanwhile Courts and Intellectual Property Tribunal of Korea judged the relationship of the disclosures very restrictively and rarely admitted the omission of the statement and the submission of the documents. However, recently the Patent Court and Intellectual Property Tribunal of Korea changed their attitude and have been admitting the omission of the statement and the submission of the documents more broadly. Under these circumstances, this article reviewed the previous and recent cases related with Article 30 of Korean Patent Law and suggested desirable interpretation of that.

Excommunicates' loss of legal rights in the medieval canon law had its origin in Roman infamy. Roman emperors in the late empire legalized the loss of legal rights against infames who were defamed due to their undesirable behaviors. In the beginning, infamy was accepted in canon law for the protection of priests from the destructive and trivial criminal sues against them. Pseudo-Isidore decretal collection rendered all the excommunicates as infames, so that it attempted to take off the legal rights from them. It was Decretum Gratiani which systematically legalized the loss of legal rights against excommunicates, analyzing that of infamy in Roma law. Gratian considered that the plaintiffs should be equal with the defendants in moral purity. On the other hand, he admitted an exceptional case that the excommunicated could accuse enormous wickedness just like heresy and sacrilege to the criminal court. Even though the dignity of Deretum Gratiani was in the highest position, it caused a polemical controversy among the canonists. In the subjects of strong controversy there was 'exception' which could be suggested to the judge in the court. Its purpose was not only to report that plaintiff was in the state of excommunication, but also to take off his legal rights in the court. Temporally there was an inclination to mitigate the burden of plaintiff to be suspected as excommunicate under the reign of pope Innocent IV. Nevertheless, the mitigation was criticized by strong conservative canonists like Hostiensis who was very close adviser to Innocent IV. Through thirteenth century excommunicates' loss of legal rights became to be hardened. Main reason of this situation could be found in the wide spread of heresy in the century.

PURPOSE: The purpose of present study was to introduces an exceptional case in measurement methods (CVA, CRA and Cobb angle) to identify the FHP with verified reliability and validity. Subjects: Three males aged 30 years were recruited: A Normal, B and C who have FHP. METHODS: All the subjects were measured CVA, CRA and Cobb angle with the Photogrammetry and Radiography. RESULTS: The results revealed that it is not enough for measurement methods to identify the FHP using CVA, CRA and Cobb angle. On Photogrammetry values; CVA had $65^{\circ}$, CRA was $148^{\circ}$ of Normal subject A and CVA had $61^{\circ}$, CRA was $149^{\circ}$ of FHP subject B and CVA had $51^{\circ}$, CRA was $149^{\circ}$ of FHP subject C. On Radiography values; CVA had $73^{\circ}$, CRA was $148^{\circ}$ and Cobb was $50^{\circ}$ of Normal subject A and CVA had $70^{\circ}$, CRA was $150^{\circ}$ and Cobb was $53^{\circ}$ of FHP subject B and CVA had $61^{\circ}$, CRA was $153^{\circ}$ and Cobb was $31^{\circ}$ of FHP subject C. CONCLUSION: The reliable CVA, CRA and Cobb angle use methods from the previous studies might not be suitable for the diagnose the FHP. We think that it is necessary to have more detailed evaluation methods and the radiography is also needed for clear evaluations because of some possible exceptions.

In this article, I wish to re-examine the French and republican model of secularism in terms of its uniqueness and originality, which are often self-proclaimed in order to measure the degree of accuracy and the share of inventiveness and related representations. In the first place, I will ask myself whether this French-style secularism constitutes a form of "cultural exception" in its own right and, secondly, what contagious influence may have had this French secular paradigm in the world.

일상적인 상황에서 방위산업에 관련된 물류관리의 중요성은 일반 산업에 비하여 크지 않으나, 예외적인 상황이 발생했을 때에는 신속한 해결책을 찾아내어 문제를 해결하지 않으면 국방에 있어서 전략적 공백으로 이어질 수 있다. 그러므로 예외상황에 대한 신속한 대비책을 구축하는 것이 필요하며 본 논문에서는 업무절차관리(BPMS) 시스템을 도입하여 물류 프로세스의 지속적인 개혁 및 개선을 유도한다. 이를 위하여 프로세스 저장소의 사용을 제안하며, 예외발생시 신속한 처리방안을 검색하기 위한 검색트리의 사용방법론을 제시한다. 획일적인 업무처리가 강조되는 군사작전 및 방위산업의 환경 하에서 예외상황의 처리를 위한 효율적 장치를 마련하는 것은 방산운용의 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 특히 지식경영의 관점에서 예외처리 시 생성되는 새로운 프로세스 지식을 프로세스 저장소(process repository)에 저장하고, 예외발생시 이 문제의 해결에 적합한 프로세스를 저장소에서 신속하게 검색하는 데 활용할 수 있는 검색트리의 생성과 활용에 대한 방법론을 연구하였다. 검색트리의 생성과 활용을 위하여 ‘상황변수’와 ‘의사결정변수’의 개념을 새로 도입함으로써 문제의 상황을 체계적으로 기술하고 저장 및 검색하는 방편을 제시하였으며, 예외상황의 인식능력(context awareness)을 제고시켰다. 정보의 엔트로피를 기초로 한 C5.0 알고리즘을 적용하여 정보이득을 최대화하는 검색트리를 생성하는 방법을 제시하였다.

David Milch’s Deadwood features a 19th century mining camp of the same name, focusing on the interactions between the historic notables of the camp, such as Al Swearengen, Seth Bullock, and George Hearst. Deadwood is an illegal camp established in the Indian Territory as a result of the Black Hill Gold Rush (1874-77). The White men’s ventures in the Indian Territory outside the state turned Deadwood into a burgeoning town in need of law and order for its further development. And the camp’s notables desperately need the region’s annexation to the US in order to stabilize and legalize their expropriated property. In this paper, while taking a cue from Giorgio Agamben’s idea of state of exception—the suspension of laws by the sovereign becomes a dominant paradigm of government—I argue David Milch’s Deadwood reveals that the suspension of laws is an integral part of capitalist expansion and accumulation. In arguing about Deadwood’s resurrection of the 19th century mining camp in our 21st century, I propose that this TV show depicts a reiteration of a certain past that has become dominant again in our present: the resurrection and repetition of Marx’s primitive accumulation in the contemporary form of capitalism, whether it is dubbed neoliberalism, unfettered capitalism, or disaster capitalism. By exploring the main characters’ motives and struggles over the Deadwood camp’s annexation to which a drastic capitalist reform of the camp leads, this paper reveals that the same sovereign logic of exception is innate in primitive accumulation.

Buildings are equipped with fire compartments to prevent the spread of fire. However, the fire compartment regulations in South Korea are simplistic and standardized, and the exception and mitigation also have ambiguous criteria, requiring adaptations to accommodate changes in architectures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the contents related to exception and mitigation for fire compartments in South Korea and propose to make up for the limitations. To identify limitations, this study investigates how fire compartments are implemented in South Korea and analyze international cases to compare fire compartment regulations. The comparative analysis reveals that domestic exception and mitigation have ambiguous spatial criteria, and international cases solve this issue by specifying regulations based on specific uses. Consequently, this study proposes the need to formulate and detail regulations of exception and mitigation considering both building use type and space characteristics, because of fire hazard levels changed by building use type.

This article aims to examine kijichon women as homo sacers Heinz Insu Fenkl’s Memories of My Ghost Brother and Nora Okja Keller’s Fox Girl from an Agambenian viewpoint, considering the thesis of Encyclopedia of Korean Culture which defines heroines as homo sacers in the Korean kijichon novels in the mid-1990s. In these texts, the women become prostitutes for their poverty-stricken families and nation after the Korean War, but are insulted and abused without legal and moral punishment. In addition, the frequent and atrocious sexual abuse and insults by sadistic American soldiers. In fact, the women undoubtedly resemble actual kijichon prostitutes who were expatriated from their communities as dirty women and abandoned without legal protection and compensation from their nation. From Giorgio Agamben’s point of view, the reason that kijichons are in “anomie” states and women there live as homo sacers in the texts is due to the Korean government, which suspended the existing anti-prostitution laws and applied the absurdly biased administrative laws over-examining and isolating prostitutes in order to control venereal diseases. This analysis could help establish an important basis that would push the Korean government to improve the former kijichon women’s poor living conditions with adequate compensation, as well as to improve negative perceptions of them.

On December 1, 2015, the United State Supreme Court in OBB Personenverkehr AG v. Sachs held that the United States courts lacked jurisdiction over the state-owned railway in Austria, OBB, by accepting the OBB's argument of sovereign immunity. This lawsuit against the Austrian railway was brought by a California resident, Sachs, who bought a Eurail pass from a travel agent in the United State and suffered injuries while she was boarding on a train of OBB in Austria. OBB asserted its sovereign immunity not to be sued in the United States courts while Sachs claimed that the commercial activity exception to sovereign immunity applies to this case, and thus, that the United States courts may exercise jurisdiction over OBB. Under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, foreign states or their instrumentalities shall be immune from jurisdiction of the United States courts unless one of exceptions to sovereign immunity including commercial activity exception applies. The commercial activity exception under the FSIA can be recognized if the action of a foreign state is based upon a commercial activity carried on in the United States by the foreign state or other activity having contacts with the United States. Relying on the phrase of the FSIA, the plaintiff claims that the rail pass sale by an OBB's agent can be categorized as a commercial activity which meets the meaning of the FSIA’s commercial activity exception. However, the United States Supreme Court rejected the plaintiff’s argument. The Court ruled that the particular act of Sachs's claims is the incident occurred in Austria, not the rail pass sale in the United States, and the incident in Austria is not a commercial activity for purposes of the commercial activity exception. The incident was caused by wrongful conduct and dangerous conditions in Austria which led to Sachs's injuries. To determine whether the commercial activity exception applies or not, the Court in Sachs elaborated how to identify the particular conduct on which a plaintiff's action is based and looked for whether the plaintiff's claim is based upon the conduct constituting the gravamen of her suit.

The fixed-term Act takes effect on July 1, 2007. The article 4 of the fixed-term Act(Act on the Protection, etc. of fixed-term and Part-time Employees) restricts the employment period of fixed-term Employees. An employer may hire fixed-term employees for a period not exceeding two years. If an employer hires fixed-term employees for more than two years, the fixed-term employees shall be considered as workers who have made a labor-contract with no fixed-term. The fixed-term Act Article 4. 1. No.1~6. are the Exceptions in Article 4. And according to the fixed-term Act Article 4. 1. No.5, an employer may hire fixed-term employees for a period in excess of two years, where the government offers a job according to the government's welfare policy, a countermeasure against unemployment as prescribed by the Presidential Decree. I have researched on this exception at this paper, especially focused on the purpose and the scope of this exception. According to the Supreme Court, the fixed-term Act Article 4. 1. No.5. are applied to above-mentioned workers, who works at Public library to extend opening hours, in the case of this article, therefore an employer may hire fixed-term employees without restriction for a period in excess of two years. But, firstly, the supporting project of a local government to extend Public library opening hours is the responsibility of a local government for the purpose of using library for local residents who have difficulties in using library during daytime. Secondly, it is general public administration services as continuing task. Therefore the worker in the case of this article should not belong to on exception in the restriction of the employment period of fixed-term Employees. The question is whether the update that had previously applied to through the development of judicial precedents on fixed-term employment Renewal Expectation Right is still applicable even after the enforcement of the fixed-term Act. It is noted that “regular work routine” is an important factor in generating Renewal Expectation Right in the decision of the “Supreme Court 2007두1729”. Employer's refusal against Renewal Expectation Right should be based on Fairness of the judgement criteria. In consideration of these points, The above commentary of the Supreme Court 2014두40753 is left with regret.

디자인보호법 제36조에서는 신규성 상실의 예외에 관한 규정을 두고 있다. 이 제도는 창작자와 같은 디자인등록을 받을 수 있는 권리를 가진 자에게 자신의 공지디자인에 의해 자신의 디자인등록출원이 신규성이나 창작비용이성이 없다는 이유로 디자인등록이 거절되지 않도록 디자인보호법상 도입되었다. 그리고 특허청은 신규성 상실의 예외의 주장 시기 등을 확대하여 이 제도가 창작자의 디자인권 확보에 기여하도록 노력해왔다. 그런데 디자인보호법에서의 신규성 상실의 예외는 창작자를 더욱 보호하기 위해 운용될 필요성이 있다. 이를 위해서는 신규성 상실의 예외에 관한 근본적인 해석론을 검토해 본 후, 이에 충실한 해석의 적용을 통해 신규성 상실의 예외가 인정된 디자인권의 효력을 명확하게 할 필요가 있다고 생각한다. 예를 들면, 창작자이자 디자인권자의 공지디자인이 신규성 상실의 예외가 인정될 경우에 이에 관한 근본적인 해석론을 토대로 해서 해당 공지디자인에 대한 독점적 지위를 인정함으로써 제3자의 자유실시디자인의 항변 등을 허용하지 않도록 해야 할 것이다. 신규성 상실의 예외는 디자이너와 같은 창작자 보호를 위해 운용되어야 할 것이다. 다만, 제3자의 권익을 해치지 않는 범위 내에서 운용이 될 수 있도록 합리적인 해석이 필요할 것이다. 이와 관련하여 침해소송에서는 선사용에 의한 통상실시권을 활용하는 방법에 의한다면 이 제도가 창작자 보호와 제3자의 권익 보호 사이에서 균형을 맞출 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. 결국 신규성 상실의 예외의 근본적인 개념을 토대로 해서 이 제도가 우리나라의 디자인 창작에 실제적으로 기여할 수 있도록 이론적 기반 등에 관한 연구가 계속 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Article 36 of the Design Protection Act provides for the exception to lack of novelty. This system allows a person who can receive design registration such as a creator to receive design registration based on that the applied design has novelty or creativity regardless of the publicly known design. And the Korean Intellectual Property Office has been striving to contribute to securing creators’ design rights by expanding the timing for claiming the exception to lack of novelty in the system. By the way, the exception to lack of novelty in the Design Protection Act needs to be operated to protect creators further. To this end, it is necessary to review the fundamental interpretation of the exception to lack of novelty and then clarify the effect of the design right that the exception to lack of novelty is recognized through the application of faithful interpretation. For example, in the case where the exception to lack of novelty is recognized for the publicly known design of the creator and the design authority, the exclusive status of the design should be recognized based on the fundamental interpretation theory, so that third parties' defense of freely practiced design should not be allowed. The exception to lack of novelty should be operated for protection of creator such as a designer. However, reasonable interpretation will be needed so that it can be operated to the extent that it does not harm the rights and interests of third parties. In this regard, I think this system can balance between the protection of creators and the protection of interests of third parties according to the method of utilizing the non-exclusive licenses by prior use. In the end, based on the fundamental concept of the exception to lack of novelty, research on the theoretical basis, etc. should be continued so that this system can actually contribute to the development of design creation in Korea.

「BPMS」is primarily concerned with the automation of the business processes. It assumes that everything is under normal operation and can be processed according to the predefined norms and standards. However, exception means a situation where things cannot be processed according to the predefined standard norms and procedures. In this regard, it seems nonsensical to apply 「BPMS」 for exception handling. This paper attempts to break this preconception, and to show that it is a viable approach to apply 「BPMS」 for exception handling, especially in the defense industry. In order to realize this scheme, we developed a system architecture which encompasses the design of a process repository, a process dictionary, a knowledge management system, and a fBPMSJ application software. In the proposed architecture, a process repository is used for the storage of the business processes developed for exception handling, a process dictionary is required to describe the various situation variables and decision variables related to the exception handling. 「BPMS」 is also essential for storage, retrieval, and utilization of the various business processes stored in the process repository.

본 연구는 항공 승무원의 근로시간이 「근로기준법」과 「항공안전법」에 의해 이중적으로 규율되는 구조에서 발생하는 법적 불명확성과 보호 공백 문제를 규명하고, 헌법적 관점에서 그 한계를 재검토하는 데 목적이 있다. 특히 「근로기준법」 제59조에 따른 근로시간 특례와 「항공안전법」상 승무시간등 규제가 상호 어떠한 관계에 있는지를 분석함으로써, 항공 승무원의 건강권 및 생명권 보호가 충분히 확보되고 있는지를 검토하고자 하였다. 연구방법으로는 관련 법령에 대한 해석론적 분석과 함께 ICAO, EASA, FAA의 입법례를 비교법적으로 고찰하였다. 연구 결과, 「항공안전법」상 승무시간등 규제는 항공 안전 확보를 위한 공법적 기준으로서 「근로기준법」을 대체하는 규정이 아니라 보완적 성격을 가지며, 「근로기준법」 제59조 특례 역시 헌법상 근로권 보호 원칙에 따라 제한적으로 해석ㆍ적용되어야 함을 확인하였다. 이는 안전 규정이 노동 보호 기능을 사실상 대체하는 방식으로 작동할 경우 근로자 보호 공백이 발생할 수 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 항공 안전과 근로자 보호는 상호 대체 관계가 아니라 보완적 관계로 재구성될 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 항공 승무원의 특수성을 반영한 별도의 근로시간 규율을 「근로기준법」에 명문화하는 입법 개선의 필요성을 제기한다. 궁극적으로 본 연구는 항공 안전과 노동권 보호라는 두 공익을 조화롭게 실현하기 위한 법적 기준을 제시하는 데 의의를 가진다.

This study examines the legal ambiguity and potential protection gaps arising from the dual regulation of aviation crew working hours under the Labor Standards Act and the Aviation Safety Act in the Republic of Korea. It aims to reassess, from a constitutional perspective, the limits of the special provisions on working hours and to clarify the normative relationship between the two statutes, particularly in terms of safeguarding the health and safety of aviation crew members. Methodologically, the study employs doctrinal legal analysis of relevant statutes alongside a comparative review of international regulatory frameworks, including those of the ICAO, EASA, FAA The findings indicate that the flight time and duty time limitations under the Aviation Safety Act function as public safety standards intended to complement, rather than replace, labor protections under the Labor Standards Act. Accordingly, the special provisions under Article 59 of the Labor Standards Act should be interpreted and applied restrictively in light of constitutional principles protecting human dignity and the right to work. The study suggests that when safety regulations effectively substitute for labor protections, a regulatory gap may emerge, undermining the protection of aviation crew members. Therefore, aviation safety and labor protection should be understood as complementary rather than substitutive frameworks. In this regard, the study proposes legislative reform to introduce specific provisions on aviation crew working hours within the Labor Standards Act. Ultimately, this study contributes to establishing a legal framework that harmonizes aviation safety with the protection of workers’ rights in the aviation sector.

유럽연합의 공동체디자인 제도에서는 선행디자인의 모호한 공개에 대해서는 공지디자인으로 보지 않는 공개 예외 제도를 두고 있다. 유럽연합이 이러한 공개 예외 제도를 둔 목적은, 사람들이 찾아내기 어려운 예외적인 디자인에 의하여 유럽의 디자인이 무효로 되는 상황을 막기 위한 것이다. 그러나 유럽연합에서는 이 제도를 실행함에 있어서 원래의 취지에 비해 매우 소극적인 운영을 있다. 아마도 과거의 관행을 쉽게 깨치기 어려운 사정 때문으로 보인다. 유럽연합의 실무에서 특히 문제로 되고 있는 것은 ‘관련된 분야’의 해석에 있다. 즉 관련된 분야를 등록디자인 분야가 아닌 선행디자인 분야로 해석함으로써, 상식에 반하는 결론이 나오는 경우가 있다. 유럽연합의 이러한 해석은, 등록디자인의 보호범위가 다른 물품 분야로 확장된다고 하는 유럽 공동체디자인권의 특별한 효력에 기인한 것이다. 그러나 유럽 외의 국가에서는 등록디자인의 보호범위가 다른 물품 분야로 확장되지 않기 때문에, 이러한 논란이 생길 여지가 없다. 우리나라가 유럽의 모호한 공개 제도를 도입한다고 하더라도, ‘관련된 분야’를 등록디자인 분야로 해석하는 한, 유럽에서의 위와 같은 이상한 결론이 나올 가능성은 없다. 한편, 우리나라에서는 디자인의 내용이 비밀에서 벗어난 상태 즉, 불특정인이 알 수 있는 상태에 놓여져 있으면 공지디자인으로 인정하고 있다. 이에 따라 출원 전 선행디자인의 존재에 의하여 디자인의 신규성이 부정될 가능성이 매우 높다. 이는 디자인 보호의 취지에 맞지 않을 뿐만 아니라, 디자인의 권리로서의 안정성을 심각하게 훼손하는 것이다. 우리의 경우에도, 관련된 분야의 사람들이 쉽게 접근하기 어려운 선행의 디자인에 대해서는 신규성 상실사유에서 제외하도록 하는 공개 예외 제도의 도입을 진지하게 고민할 필요가 있다.

In the Community Design System of the European Union, there is a disclosure exception system regarding the obscure disclosure of prior designs. The purpose of the EU's disclosure exception system is to prevent a situation in which European designs are invalidated by exceptional designs that are difficult for the public to find. However, in the European Union, the application of this regulation is very passive compared to the original purpose. In particular, in the application of this regulation, there are great difficulties in the interpretation of “the sector concerned.” By interpreting “the sector concerned” as a prior design field rather than a registered design field, the conclusion in a specific case often goes against common sense. This interpretation by the European Union is due to the special effect of the community design right, which extends the scope of protection of the community design to articles in other fields. However, since the scope of protection of registered designs in countries other than Europe does not extend to other fields of article, there is little possibility of such controversy. On the other hand, in Korea, if the content of the design has been released from secret, it is recognized as publicly known design. Accordingly, there is a very high possibility that the novelty of the design will be denied due to the existence of the prior design. In our case as well, it is necessary to seriously consider the introduction of a disclosure exception that excludes the loss of novelty for prior designs that are difficult to access by the public.