Earticle

Multiculturalism is the source of identity, innovation, and creativity that unites people around the world. Therefore, building a happy and civilized multicultural family is the goal of every country. Vietnam and Korea officially established diplomatic relations on December 22, 1992. Over the past 30 years, the two countries relations have developed rapidly with two upgrades from Comprehensive Partnership in 2002 to ‘Strategic Partnership’ (2009). Over time, the relationship between Vietnam and Korea has made positive developments in many fields such as politics, investment, trade, tourism, and culture. The number of Korean- Vietnamese multicultural families increased due to the demand for marriage. For Vietnamese women, the desire to immigrate to Korea is to change their lives and find a stable life. However, differences in language, especially culture, make vulnerable family members (women, children) face many difficulties such as unhappy married life; Children's education issues; Naturalization issues; Repatriation; Community reintegration. With the content: "Some state management issues of Vietnam-Korea multicultural marriage and family - practical research in Vietnam", the study focuses on clarifying: (i) Theoretical basis of the multicultural family; (ii) The interference of Vietnamese and Korean cultures; (iii) Difficulties in state management of marriage and family in Vietnamese-Korean multicultural families; (iv) Proposing some solutions. The research was carried out by specific methods such as (i) Literature review; (ii) Analysis of available statistics; (iii) Practical research through the qualitative survey (In-depth interviews with vulnerable groups; the target group is leaders and managers of family affairs in Vietnam). The purpose of the study is to ensure the interests of members of multicultural families, to promote cooperation and friendship between the two countries (Vietnam - Korea) in the field of culture.

In the face of complicated situations in the world and in the country, the State of Vietnam has made important decisions in orienting the country's development path, which is to change the thinking about the country's leadership carried out "carried out inclusive national Doi Moi in December 1986". This is considered an important milestone in the process of bringing the country out of underdevelopment, improving people's living standards, and enhancing Vietnam's position in the international arena. The article has summarized the process of national Doi Moi of Vietnam, including the necessity to carry out doi moi; innovation process; achievements and limitations in the process of national renewal after 36 years. Finally, the author proposes urgent and important lessons to continue implementing the country's doi moi process in the next stages, which are forecasted to have many important changes in geopolitics, economy, etc. In addition, there are many complicated problems in the country that need to be solved such as corruption, environmental pollution, and the economy is in a difficult period.

Trước những diễn biết phức tạp của tình hình thế giới và trong nước, Nhà nước Việt Nam đã có những quyết định quan trọng trong việc định hướng con đường phát triển đất nước, đó chính là thay đổi tư duy về lãnh đạo đất nước “tiến hành đổi mới toàn diện đất nước vào tháng 12/1986”. Đây được coi là một dấu mốc quan trọng trong tiến trình đưa đất nước ra khỏi tình trạng kém phát triển, cải thiện đời sống người dân, nâng cao vị thế của Việt Nam trên trường quốc tế. Bài viết đã khái quát lại quá trình đổi mới đất nước của Việt Nam, bao gồm tính tất yếu phải tiến hành đổi mới; quá trình đổi mới; những thành tựu, hạn chế trong công cuộc đổi mới đất nước sau 36 năm. Cuối cùng, tác giả đề xuất những bài học mang tính cấp thiết, quan trọng để tiếp tục thực hiện công cuộc đổi mới đất nước trong các giai đoạn tiếp theo được dự báo sẽ có nhiều biến đổi quan trọng về địa chính trị, kinh tế, ngoài ra trong nước còn nhiều vấn đề phức tạp cần phải giải quyết như tình trạng tham nhũng, ô nhiễm môi trường, nền kinh tế đang trong giai đoạn khó khăn.

This study examines undergraduates’ enrollment trends at An Giang University (AGU), Vietnam, from 2018 to 2022, focusing on the overall and technology-focused enrollments before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show a general increase in student enrollment during the pandemic period, accompanied by a notable interest toward technology-focused majors, particularly in the pandemic’s later phases. These patterns suggest an increasing recognition of technological competencies in these periods and a tendency for students to favor local institutions during times of uncertainty. The observed major preferences reflect satisficing decision-making influenced by societal precarity and the perceived adaptability of career paths in a technologically accelerating labor market. The findings provide implications for higher education institutions and policymakers seeking to align academic offerings with evolving societal needs in large-scale disruptions.

Nghiên cứu này phân tích xu hướng tuyển sinh bậc đại học tại Trường Đại học An Giang, Việt Nam giai đoạn 2018–2022, tập trung vào tình hình tuyển sinh tổng thể và tuyển sinh các ngành thuộc lĩnh vực công nghệ trước, trong và sau đại dịch COVID-19. Kết quả cho thấy số lượng sinh viên nhập học nhìn chung tăng lên trong thời kỳ đại dịch, đồng thời xuất hiện sự quan tâm đáng kể đối với các ngành tập trung vào công nghệ, đặc biệt là trong các giai đoạn sau của đại dịch. Những xu hướng này gợi ý sự gia tăng nhận thức về tầm quan trọng của năng lực công nghệ trong giai đoạn biến động, cũng như xu hướng sinh viên ưu tiên lựa chọn các cơ sở giáo dục địa phương khi đối mặt với sự bất định. Sự thiên về lựa chọn các ngành công nghệ phản ánh chiến lược ra quyết định thỏa dụng chịu ảnh hưởng bởi bối cảnh xã hội bất ổn và nhận thức về tính thích ứng của các lộ trình nghề nghiệp trong thị trường lao động đang tăng tốc số hóa. Những kết quả này cho thấy một số ý nghĩa quan trọng đối với các cơ sở giáo dục đại học và nhà hoạch định chính sách trong việc điều chỉnh chương trình đào tạo nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu xã hội đang thay đổi trong bối cảnh các biến động quy mô lớn.

The study, conducted in a mountainous province in Vietnam, explored how teaching methods of critical literacy (CL) were effective with high school students and their perceptions about these approaches. The study employed engaged ethnography (e.g., Phyak & Bui, 2014; Davis & Phyak, 2015) in which the researcher worked collectively with 27 students in understanding current pedagogical issues and applying CL in a real classroom. In particular, students were provided an opportunity to learn English through CL which was embedded in two vignettes on listening and project-based learning. The findings indicated CL pedagogies significantly improved students’ English language competency and multiple skills such as leadership, presentation, and collaboration. Moreover, the students’ responses strongly indicated CL is a meaningful, applicable, and critical approach for their English language improvement, socio-cultural awareness, and agentive development. The study offered some recommendations for applying CL pedagogies in language teaching, paying special attention to students’ agencies while providing them with ample CL methods, and opportunities to enrich their academic English competency for effective language learning and ideological and academic transformations.

Health and vibrant life are required by everyone around the globe. To improve quality of life, maintaining a healthy state, and to prevent various diseases, and to evaluate the effects of potentially improve quality of life increasing factors are important. In recent years, oxidative stress has been postulated to be an important factor in the pathogenesis and development of lifestyle-related diseases, cancer, and the aging process. Despite the clinical importance of oxidative damage due to oxidative stress, antioxidants have been of limited therapeutic success. Of these, molecular hydrogen (H2) is known as a “novel” antioxidant in preventive and therapeutic applications. H2 shows not only effects against oxidative stress but also various anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. Thus, H2 is nowadays used in daily life as well as and in medical field in both developed and developing countries such as Japan, USA, and China. Unfortunately, in Vietnam, one of the developing countries in the world has a poor health system and a high death rate due to non-communicable diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, and diabetes. Growing evidence has shown that hydrogen gas can either alleviate the side effects caused by conventional chemotherapeutics, or suppress the growth of cancer cells and xenograft tumor, suggesting its broad potent application in clinical therapy. Besides that studies have reported that H2 also has effects of on diseases such as diabetes, cerebral infarction, and Alzheimer’s disease. However in Vietnam, currently there are only a few research related to H2 has conducted that mainly focus on the application in the environment, energy industry. Therefore, H2 in Vietnam in medical field needs to be exploited in the future as it is completely new area.

Although it is now generally agreed that grammar should be an integral element of second language programmes, there is still a diversity of opinions about how it should be taught. In this paper, attention is first drawn to relevant issues raised in reviews of the teaching of grammar derived from SLA research and teacher cognition. This paper then reports a survey of Vietnamese teachers’ attitudes towards grammar and grammar teaching in their own particular teaching contexts. It uses a questionnaire adapted from that used in a 2002 survey of teachers of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in British universities and in a 2008 parallel survey of EAP teachers in New Zealand. The key findings of the present study are presented and then discussed in relation to those of the other two surveys. They indicate that these EAP teachers in Vietnam, like those in Britain and New Zealand, appreciate the centrality of grammar in their language teaching and have a critical awareness of many of the problems and issues involved. The findings suggest that the teachers favour a discourse, rather than a decontextualised approach to the presentation of grammar and there is an emphasis on systematic practice of grammatical forms and the correction of grammatical errors.

This research examines corporate cash holdings in Vietnam, an emerging market, and finds reverse peer effects on them - that is, a firm’s level of cash holdings negatively relates to those of its peers. We also note the reverse peer effects are stronger for firms facing less competition and with low intangibility. Because the Vietnam market has noticeably lower competition and investment in innovation than in developed economics like the U.S., our evidence supports the role of competition and innovation investment in driving cash holdings’ peer effects and complements the literature that mostly focuses on developed economies. Our findings are consistent with the notion that some firms strategically accumulate cash to drive their competitors’ cash level lower when they are in less competitive industries or when they have lower innovation investments. Thus, the existing competition or innovation environment is crucial when modeling the cash holding behavior among industry peers. However, our tests on the preemptive motive for peer effects on cash holdings are inconclusive. Lastly, our results also support heterogeneity across countries in peer mimicking behavior and contributes to the cash holdings literature for the Vietnam market.

Smart Home is one of the hot topics in the industrial revolution 4.0 in Vietnam, about which many Vietnamese are concerning nowadays. The objective of this research is to find out the factors influencing the intention to use Smart Home devices in Vietnam. The technology adoption models have been applied to develop the conceptual model. The model was designed of eight factors that affect usage Intention includes: Habits, Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Trust, Innovativeness Personal, Perceived value, Hedonic motivations and Social influences. Data were collected from 304 Vietnamese by sending questionnaire via online forms and direct contact with the potential smart home users. Data were analyzed with SEM model to test the hypotheses after scale validation and confirm factor analysis. The results show that three main factors mainly affect intention to use smart home appliances in Vietnam. From this result, we have proposed governance implications based on the key factors. In particular, these recommendations emphasize that Smart Home device vendors need improvement products and marketing approaches to reach the customers.

This study investigates perceptions and practice of the roles of EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers at two Vietnamese universities in their blended English classes. Blended language learning (BLL) is often understood as a combination of face-to-face (F2F) learning and computer-assisted language learning (CALL). Teachers play an essential role in technology implementation in language education. Understanding their reality is vital for sustainable change. The study builds on theoretical models of teacher roles and blended learning. It draws on qualitative data. The six teachers in this study successfully combined traditional roles with innovative ones in the new learning environment. They became independent and creative designers, thus facilitating the blend of F2F and online learning. Nevertheless, they experienced challenges in designing activities for the successful complementarity of the blend. This study underlines the need for a high(er) level of teacher autonomy and professional learning opportunities for effective pedagogical practice in BLL in the Vietnamese context, other Confucian heritage culture countries such as China, Singapore, Korea, and Japan, and beyond. Such changes will pave the way for the success in improving English language capability and EFL teacher professional growth.

Nghiên cứu này tìm hiểu về vai trò của giáo viên trong giảng dạy tiếng Anh như một ngoại ngữ tại hai trường đại học Việt Nam trong các lớp học tiếng Anh kết hợp. Học ngôn ngữ kết hợp (BLL) được hiểu là việc kết hợp giữa học trực tiếp và hỗ trợ của máy tính (CALL). Giáo viên đóng một vai trò thiết yếu trong việc triển khai công nghệ trong giáo dục ngôn ngữ. Việc tìm hiểu về thực tế giảng dạy của giáo viên đóng vai trò quan trọng cho sự thay đổi bền vững về phương pháp giảng dạy. Nghiên cứu được xây dựng trên cơ sở lý luận về vai trò của giáo viên và học tập kết hợp. Nghiên cứu dựa trên dữ liệu định tính. Sáu giáo viên trong nghiên cứu này đã kết hợp thành công vai trò truyền thống với vai trò đổi mới trong môi trường học tập kết hợp. Họ trở thành những nhà thiết kế độc lập và sáng tạo, từ đó tạo điều kiện thuận lợi trong việc kết hợp giữa việc học trực tiếp và máy tính. Tuy nhiên, họ gặp phải những thách thức trong việc nỗ lực tạo ra các hoạt động dạy học kết hợp thành công. Nghiên cứu này nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết phải có hoặc có nhiều hơn mức độ tự chủ của giáo viên và cơ hội phát triển nghề nghiệp nhằm giúp việc học kết hợp hiệu quả trong bối cảnh các quốc gia có di sản văn hóa Nho giáo như Việt Nam, Trung Quốc, Singapore, Hàn Quốc và Nhật Bản, v.v. Những thay đổi này có thể tạo sự thành công trong việc nâng cao năng lực tiếng Anh và phát triển chuyên môn của giáo viên giảng dạy tiếng Anh như một ngoại ngữ.

기후변화로 인한 홍수의 피해와 영향을 받을 위험이 가장 큰 나라 중 하나인 베트남은 국가 비전으 로서 기후변화와 지속가능한 발전에 대한 적극적인 대응을 추구하고 있다. 그러나, 베트남은 경제성 장에 따른 급격한 도시화로 인해 자연재해 취약성이 증가하고 있으나, 도시 계획적 재해예방을 위한 체계적 지원기술이 부족한 실정이다. 기후변화로 인한 재난대응 대책 수립 관련하여 한국의 도시 급성장 사례가 베트남 현재 상황에 대한 시사점이 크다. 이에 본 논문에서는 한국의 재해 예방형 도시계획 제도의 베트남 적용에 대한 여건을 분석하고 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 베트남 기후변 화 재해 특성, 도시계획 분야 기후변화 재해예방 제도 및 정책 현황, 도시 계획적 기후변화 재해예방 대책 수립 한계 분석을 통해 베트남 재해 예방형 도시계획 도입을 위한 정책적, 기술적, 경제적 방안 및 시사점을 제시하였다.

Vietnam, one of the countries at the greatest risk of being damaged and affected by climate change, attempts to make an active response to climate change and sets sustainable development as a national vision. However, Vietnam lacks systematic support of technology for disaster prevention within urban planning framework, although the vulnerability of natural disasters has been increasing due to rapid urbanization along with economic growth. Korea’s experience in handling rapid urban growth would provide some insights to Vietnam on establishing measures to cope with climate change disasters. Thus, this paper analyzed the applicability of the Korean urban planning system for disaster prevention to Vietnam and derived some implications. Through the analysis of the characteristics of climate change disasters in Vietnam and the current status and limitations of the Vietnam’s urban planning and policies for the prevention of climate change disasters, policy, technical and economic measures and implications were provided for the introduction of disaster-preventive urban planning in Vietnam.

본 연구에서는 한국의 대 세계 수출입 동향과 한국의 대 베트남 수출입 동향을 살펴보았다. 또한 한국의 주요 무역 국가인 중국, 미국, 베트남, 홍콩, 일본, 대만에 대한 수출입 동향을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국의 대 베트남 수출과 수입이 얼마나 증가하였는지 살펴보고, 다른 주요 국가에 비해 얼마나 많이 상승하였는지 비교하고 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해, 한국과 중국, 미국, 베트남, 홍콩, 일본, 대만에 대한 수출입 관련 자료를 2000년 1월부터 2018년 2월까지 총 218개 월간자료를 이용하였다. 지난 19년 동안 한국의 대 베트남 수출이 급속히 증가하면서 한국의 대 세계 수출을 주도한 것으로 판단되었다. 한국의 대 베트남 수출은 한국의 대 세계 수출에 비해 10배 가까운 상승률을 보이면서, 베트남은 한국의 주요 수출 상대국으로 성장하였다. 향후 한국 경제 발전과 수출의 지속적인 성장을 위해서는 과거 중국 중심의 수출 일변도에서 벗어나, 베트남을 비롯한 동남아로의 수출 다변화를 시도할 필요성이 제기된다.

In this study, we examined Korea's exports and imports trends to the world and Korea's exports and imports trends to Vietnam. We also examined exports and imports trends about China, USA, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan in Korea's major trading nation. The purpose of this study is to examine how much Korea's exports and imports of Vietnam have increased and to compare how much it has risen compared to other major countries. To this end, we used imports and exports data for Korea, China, USA, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan using data from January 2000 to February 2018 for 218 months. During the past 218 months, Korea's exports to Vietnam have increased rapidly, leading to Korea's exports to the world. Korea's exports to Vietnam showed a 10 times increase rate compared to Korea's exports to the world. Vietnam has grown to be an important export country in Korea.

Transnational ethnic relations (TER) are the relations between ethnic groups, living internally in one country and their coethnics or counterparts of other ethnic minorities, living abroad in other countries that share or do not share common borders. For a multi-ethnic country, TER play a very important role, affecting national socio-economic development and security, since being external relations with counterparts living abroad, but they have profound internal impacts on live of the country. So far, there have been various TER researches conducted by scholars in all over the world. Concerning the studied concepts and theories, the most notable are: the concepts of fluid border, soft border, social space border, the theories of diaspora and neoliberalism. In accordance with these concepts and theories, the authors have carried out the application researches on transnational migration, marriage, religious belief, culture, politics, smuggling, crime. In Vietnam, a country with 46 ethnic groups having coethnics inhabiting in various countries, under the influence of historical background, globalization and the Doi Moi (the Innovation policy of Vietnam), TER have been developing significantly, especially since 1986. This relationship has been expressed in numerous fields, such as politics, economy, society, culture and national security; in the majority Kinh and other ethnic minorities. This relationship relates to, not only 3 countries bordering Vietnam, such as China, Laos and Cambodia, but also to other countries: USA, Canada, France, Australia, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia... that do not share common borders with Vietnam, as well. TER researches in Vietnam reveal that, economic TER are the most exposed, via such as aspects: labor migration, trade, cross-border business, especially those activities carried out in the areas along Vietnam-China, Vietnam-Laos and Vietnam-Cambodia borders. Concerning the social TER, transnational marriages have been increasing, since trend of getting married to coethnics is preferred, especially in ethnic minorities. On cultural relations, festival and religious activities have connected many ethnic minorities in Vietnam with their overseas coethnics and counterpart who are practicing the same religion. Meanwhile, TER have also resulted in some illegal activities, such as cross-border smuggling, drug or women trafficking.

In Vietnam, corruption is a problem that can be recognized in both feudal and colonial history. Under the Socialist State, corruption continues to be found in various forms, and involves different types of people in the state and society. Since Đổi Mới, corruption has increased, to the extent that it is seen as a national disaster, an internal enemy threatening the survival of the Socialist regime, and resulted in the people’s discontent as well as the party-state’s campaigns to curb corruption. Putting in such a context, this paper shows how local cadre corruption has become closely related to the communal resources, especially the land, and became one of the key causes for local conflicts in the rural areas. I argue that while villagers accept minor amounts of corruption, they do not tolerate too much corruption. Villagers’ protests became more severe when corruption took place alongside local cadres’ moral misbehaviours to the villagers, and therefore being used to judge the morality of local cadres. An in-depth case study in the Red river delta is presented to illuminate the argument.

이 논문은 기업투자, 금융제약 그리고 소유구조와의 관계를 2007년부터 2015년까지 하노이 주식시장(Hanoi Stock Exchange, HNX) 및 호치민 주식시장(Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange, HOSE)에 상장되어 있는 베트남기업을 대상으로 실증분석하고 있다. 논문의 주요결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소유구조의 투자에의 영향을 분석한 결과, 다른 일반적인 연구와는 달리 지분의 민간소유가 투자율을 높이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 반면에 외국인주식소유지분의 상승은 투자율을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 국가소유지분이 높을수록 투자의 현금흐름 민감도는 하락하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 국가소유지분의 상승이 기업이 직면한 금융제약을 완화시키는 것을 의미하므로 베트남경제에서는 국가가 여전히 자금배분에 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 해석될 수 있다.

This paper analyses the relation between the firm’s investment, financial constraints and ownership structures in Vietnam using financial data of 185 manufacturing firms listed on Hanoi Stock Exchange (HNX) and Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE) between 2007 and 2015. Our findings are as follows. First, contrary to commonly accepted wisdom, private ownership has not resulted in an increase in the investment of equitised state-owned enterprises or private firms. Second, an increase in the foreign ownership share in a firm leads to higher investment of the firm. Last, the higher the proportion of state ownership share in a firm is, the less sensitive to cash flow its investment is, implying that state ownership weakens financial constraints a firm faces. It can be interpreted that the state has had the function of distributing financial resources and has acted as a fund provider to so-called state-controlled firms.

The introduction of English into the primary schooling sector in Vietnam has been part and parcel of English as a subject in basic education (ESBE) reform which the government has pioneered ever since it opened up to the West in 1986. The present study aims to explore the factors influencing teachers’ acceptance of digital tools in teaching English to primary students in central Vietnam, with a particular focus on the role of organizational factors in facilitating or hindering technology adoption. A descriptive study design was employed to collect data from 51 primary school teachers through a survey consisting of 25 questions on a 5-point Likert scale, covering four key factors influencing factors: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions. The findings shed light on how digital tool acceptance can support digital transformation efforts and enhance educational quality in primary schools. Also, the study offers insights into digital transformation and educational quality improvement in primary schools in Vietnam and beyond.

Multiculturalism is the source of identity, innovation, and creativity, helping to connect all countries in the world. Therefore, building a happy and civilized multicultural family is the goal of every country and everybody. Vietnam and South Korea officially established diplomatic relations on December 22, 1992. Over the past 30 years, the two countries relations have developed rapidly and positively in many fields such as politics, investment, trade, tourism, and culture. The number of Korean- Vietnamese multicultural families increased due to the demand for a stable and happy marriage. However, differences in language, especially culture, make vulnerable family members (women, children) face many difficulties such as unhappy married life; education issues; naturalization issues; repatriation; community reintegration. The purpose of the study is to ensure the interests of members of multicultural families and to promote cooperation and friendship between the two countries (Vietnam - Korea) in the field of culture. This study focuses on the disadvantaged group of repatriating women and children. With the content: "Policy recommendations for supporting the repatriation of women and children - A family practical study in Vietnam”, the study focuses on clarifying: (i) Some suggestive situations; (ii) Difficulties; (iii) Proposing some solutions. The research was carried out by specific methods such as (i) Literature review; (ii) Analysis of available statistics; (iii) Practical research through the qualitative survey (in-depth interviews with vulnerable groups (including women and children)). The purpose of the study is to ensure the rights of repatriating women and children, thereby improving the efficiency of cooperation and friendship between the two countries (Vietnam - Korea) in the field of multicultural management.

This work was conducted to review the phylogenetic of emerging viral infectious diseases in pigs and cattle during 2019- 2022 in Vietnam. Among of viral diseases in pigs, African swine fever (ASF) has caused the significantly economical lost. Analysis of the C-terminal end of p72 revealed that the ASFV strains in Vietnam belongs to genotype II, serogroup 8. The ORF5 sequence of the nineteen porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates belonged to genotype 2. Among them, thirteen isolates belonged to lineage 8, together with the vaccine strain JAX1-R and isolates from Vietnam and China. One isolate was clustered into lineage 1 with isolates from Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) ORF2 from forty-three positive clinical samples showed that five isolates belonged to PCV2b and thirty-eight isolates belonged to PCV2d. A lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) isolated in the first outbreak in Vietnam was 100% identical to viruses isolated in China (2019) based on the p32 and RP030 genes. These new findings are important for vaccine development to control these diseases in Vietnam.

Purpose: The aim of this review was to provide the preventive strategies for suicide in Asian countries with the understanding the current status of suicide in Asian countries such as China, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Methodology: We searched a systematic review and online literature from journal articles and other documents about suicide. Results: Sri Lanka has one of the highest suicide rates in the world and Vietnam has the lowest estimated prevalence, followed by China, Korea and Japan have low to medium rates. Some suicide-preventive strategies are used in the Asian countries but they are not popular. There are many training programe about mental health problems for community. Conclusion: Suicide intervention programs in Asia are limited because they are depended the sociocultural situations and economic transitions in the region so we need to coordinate with national suicide prevention organization to prevent the most effectivily suicide.

본 연구는 베트남과 캄보디아를 한국 ODA 의 주요 수원국으로서 비교 분석하며, 이들이 메콩 지역에 위치해 있으면서도 경제발전 단계에서 차이를 보인다는 점에 주목한다. 또한 본 연구는 한국의 ODA 정책이 양국의 국내 정책과 적절하게 연계되는지를 평가하며, 특히 경제 성장과 사회 발전에 핵심적인 교통 인프라 분야에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 베트남은 UMIC 로 도약하기 위해 대규모 인프라 프로젝트가 필요하고, 캄보디아는 기초 인프라 개발이 우선되어야 한다는 점에서 한국은 차별화된 ODA 접근이 필요하다. 이를 위해 정치경제분석(PEA)을 활용하여 각 국가의 사회경제적 특성을 분석하고, GNI 와 물류성과지수(LPI)와 같은 지표를 통해 ODA 전략을 세분화하였다. 또한 일본과 중국의 메콩 개발협력 사례를 분석하여 한국의 전략적 시사점을 도출하고 있다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 베트남과 캄보디아의 교통 인프라 발전 단계에 맞춘 맞춤형 전략적 ODA 접근의 필요성을 강조하며, 양국의 상이한 발전 요구를 고려한 차별화된 협력 방안을 제안한다.

This study explores a comparative analysis of Vietnam and Cambodia as major partners of Korea's Official Development Assistance (ODA), examining the differences in their economic development stages despite both being located within the Mekong sub-region. Additionally, the study evaluates whether Korea's ODA policy aligns appropriately with each country's domestic policies, with a particular focus on the transportation infrastructure sector, which is essential for economic growth and social development. Vietnam, aiming to reach Upper-Middle-Income Country (UMIC) status by 2050, requires large-scale infrastructure projects, while Cambodia prioritizes basic infrastructure development. These distinctions call for a differentiated ODA approach from Korea. To achieve this, Political Economy Analysis (PEA) is utilized to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of each country, and indicators like the GNI (Gross National Income) and the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) are employed to further refine development cooperation strategies. The study also reviews development cooperation cases by Japan and China in the Mekong sub-region to extract strategic insights for Korea. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for a tailored, strategic ODA approach that aligns with the transportation infrastructure development stages of Vietnam and Cambodia. It proposes differentiated cooperation plans that consider each country’s unique development needs.

Fast-grown wood generally contains a high proportion of juvenile wood that results in inferior dimensional stability and durability against biological deteriorations. In the present research, the Acacia mangium wood from plantation forests in Vietnam was treated with high temperature in air. The effects of heat treatment on physical properties of Acacia mangium wood, including mass loss (ML), water absorption (WA), water-repellent effectiveness (WRE) and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) were examined. The results showed that the dimensional stability and the water-repellent effectiveness are increased by about 15-46% and 8-18%, respectively. However, the mass and dimension of wood are decreased. The results also indicated that both treatment temperature and treatment duration significantly affect the wood properties of Acacia mangium. It is thus concluded that heat treatment demonstrates an interesting potential to improve the wood quality of Acacia mangium for solid timber products. This technology provides an environmentally safe method of protecting sustainable common woods to give a new generation of value-added biomaterials with increased stability without the use of toxic chemicals.