Earticle

의료관광 산업은 국가 경제에 커다란 파급 효과를 창출하며, 고부가가치 산업으로 각광받고 있다. 한국으로의 의료관광 역시 크게 성장하며 학계와 산업계 모두에서 관심을 끌고 있는 중이다. 특히 한국에는 지난 10여 년간 중국 의료관광객의 증가가 두드러진다. 본 연구는 한국 방문경험이 없는 중국의 잠재적인 의료관광객들이 한국으로의 방문을 고려할 때 국가이미지와 의료서비스 기대수준이 방문의도에 미치는 직·간접적인 영향을 실증분석을 통해 확인하고, 의료관광 산업의 활성화 방안과 향후 효과적인 관광객 유치 및 마케팅 활동 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기존 연구문헌의 검토를 토대로 3가지의 가설을 설정하고, 기존 연구와 다르게 개별적인 회귀분석이 아닌 매개변수가 포함된 전체 구조방정식 모형으로 검증하였다. 실증분석에 사용된 자료는 중국인들을 대상으로 한 온라인 설문조사를 통해 수집되었다. 실증분석 결과, 국가이미지 차원의 사회수준 요인과 의료서비스 차원의 모든 요인들이 방문 의도에 직접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 의료서비스 기대수준을 매개변수로 하여 실시한 간접적 영향력 분석에서는 국가이미지를 구성하는 일부 요인들이 의료서비스 기대 수준에 영향을 주어 방문의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Medical tourism has been regarded as one of high value-added industries having great ripple effects on national economies. Medical tourism toward Korea, especially from China, recently has seen a big growth, attracting attention from both academia and industries. This study investigates effects of country image on medical tourism intention toward Korea; both direct effects and indirect effects through medical service expectation. Data for the statistical tests were collected from a Chinese sample through an on-line questionnaire Empirical tests through a structural equation model generally or partially support our hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 stating that country image would have a positive effect on tourism intention was partially supported. Social dimension of country image such as honesty and politeness was shown to have a positive effect on visit intention, while either economic or political dimension was not. Hypothesis 2 relating medical service expectation to medical tourism intention was highly supported. Both intrinsic(such as medical equipment, technique and reputation) and supplementary(such as accessibility, waiting time and confidentiality) aspects of medical service expectation were shown to have highly significant positive effects on visit intention. Hypothesis 3 postulating that country image would positively affect medical service expectation was generally supported. Among the three dimensions of country image, social and political dimensions were shown to have positive effects on medical service expectation, while economic dimension was not. Thus, social dimension of country image seems to have a direct positive effect on medical tourism intention, as well as an indirect effect through medical service expectation.

This is a research-in-progress paper that examines clients’ decision to continue engaging their current IT outsourcing vendors. It employs the lens of expectation-confirmation theory to evaluate how prior expectation relates to the evaluation of actual vendor performance, how expectation-confirmation influences client satisfaction, and how it leads to the decision of outsourcing service (dis)continuance. The theory suggests that positive confirmation and positive disconfirmation lead to client satisfaction and higher probability of outsourcing service continuance while negative disconfirmation leads to dissatisfaction and service discontinuance. Formation of expectation is a dynamic process as clients continuously updating their expectations based on new experiences. When performing expectation-confirmation evaluation, clients may refer to new expectations that are not present prior to relationship engagement but are formed during the course of the relationship.

서비스 실패 상황에서 같은 서비스 실패의 강도를 받더라도 상황변수에 따라 소비자가 느끼는 서비스 실패 강도는 다르며, 그에 따라 기업에 행하는 앙갚음 행동도 차이를 보일 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 서비스 실패 상황에서 서비스 기대 정도(높음/낮음)와 체면의식(높음/낮음)이 서비스 실패 후 소비자 보복행위(불평행동, 부정적 구전, 불만홍보)에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 나아가 서비스 기대 정도가 보복행동에 미치는 영향을 조절하는 체면의식의 효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 서비스 실패 상황에 대한 서비스 기대와 체면의식을 조작하여 시나리오를 작성하였으며, 보복행위에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 서비스 실패 상황에서 서비스 기대와 체면의식에 따라 소비자의 보복행위 의도에 유의한 차이가 발생하였으며, 서비스 기대정도가 불평행동에 미치는 영향력은 체면의식에 따라 조절되었다. 즉, 소비자는 서비스 실패 상황에서 서비스 기대와 체면의식 정도가 높을수록 보복행위 의도가 높아지는 것을 확인하였으며, 조절효과의 검정에서는 서비스 기대가 높은 상황에서 체면의식에 상관없이 불평행동을 많이 하는 반면, 낮은 서비스 기대상황에서는 체면의식 정도에 따라 불평행동을 다르게 하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

In the context of service failure situation, the same service problem could be perceived differently depending upon a consumer’s situational variable, thus may result in different retaliation behavior. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of service expectation (high/low) and face consciousness (high/low) on a consumer’s retaliation behavior (negative word-of-mouth, complaining behavior, complaining for publicity). Furthermore, this paper also try to investigate a moderating role of face consciousness in a relationship between service expectation and retaliation behavior. A scenario technique was employed to empirically test the research hypotheses and two factors (service expectation and face consciousness) were manipulated as high and low version. The empirical results are as follows. First, both the service expectation and face consciousness had a significant impact on retaliation behavior (negative word-of-mouth, complaining behavior, complaining for publicity). In addition, a moderating effect of face consciousness on complaining behavior was also found to be significant. In conclusion, the suggestions and future study directions were proposed based on the above study results.

본 연구는 온라인에서의 호텔상품을 구매시 준거가격할인정도와 서비스기대일치 여부에 따라 재방문의도와 구전의도에 미치는 영향을 알아내고자 한다. 이를 위해서 총 6개의 가설을 세우고 연구모형을 설정하여 검증하였다. 준거가격할인율(정상가격, 일반할인율, 최대할인율)과 기대일치여부(단순기대일치, 긍정적불일치)를 독립변수로 하는 3×2 집단 간 실험설계로 구성하여 시나리오 분석기법으로 실험하였다. 종속변수로는 소비자의 재방문의도와 구전의도를 측정하였다. 응답받은 설문자료의 분석방법은 기술통계분석과 다변량 분산분석이 사용되었다. 분석결과 최대할인율을 적용한 상품을 구매했을 때 보다 정상가격 또는 일반할인율을 적용한 가격의 상품을 구매하는 것이 구전의도가 높게 나타났다. 소비자가 상품을 구매하며 준거가격할인정도에 따라 예측한 기대가 제공받은 서비스와 긍정적 불일치를 경험했을 때, 재방문의도와 구전의도가 높게 나타났다. 신규 소비자 확보를 위해 온라인시장에서는 호텔상품의 다양한 가격할인 전략으로 소비자에게 가격경쟁력을 시행하고 있다. 하지만 소비자는 가격할인정도에 의해 재방문여부를 결정짓는 것이 아니라 예측한 서비스의 기대를 얼마나 충족시키는지 여부에 따라 재방문의도를 결정짓는다는 결과를 밝혔다는 것에 연구의 의의를 둔다.

This study tries to find out the impact on revisit and Word of Mouth depending on the reference price discount and service expectation when purchasing hotel products in online. For this, a total of six hypotheses were established and a research model was established to verify. The scenario analysis method was tested by organizing the experimental design between 3×2 groups with the reference price discount rate (normal price, general discount rate, maximum discount rate) and expectation Dis-confirmation Theory (simple confirmation and positive dis-confirmation) as independent variables. Dependent variables were measured for the consumer's revisit and the word of mouth Methods of analysis of survey data received were technical statistical analysis and multivariate variance analysis. Analysis shows that when purchasing a product with a maximum discount rate, it is highly likely that a product with a normal or general discount rate will be purchased. When the reference price discount rate of purchasing a product were provided based on the quasi-price discount level, the number of re-visits to the hotel and the word of mouth was high when customer’s experience were confirmation beyond expectation after the service. Although various pricing strategies for hotel products online to secure new consumers are implementing price competitiveness for consumers, the study suggests that consumers decide not whether to visit again or not by price-cutting but by how much they meet the expected service expectations.

본 연구는 기존연구에서 제시된 서비스 물리적 환경에 관한 이론을 확장한 연구로 물리적 환경을 포함한 환대서비스, 서비스과정, 촉진활동의 유형적 단서가 지각된 위험과 고객기대 그리고 이용의도에 미치는 영향을 미용서비스와 의료서비스 간 비교를 함으로써 업종별 영향력의 상대적 차이를 규명하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서비스기업의 유형적 단서들은 일반서비스와 전문서비스 모두에서 유의한 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 둘째, 일반서비스에서는 촉진활동 보다 서비스과정의 영향력이 더 의미있게 나타났다. 기업의 광고나 이벤트 등의 촉진활동은 소비자의 외적탐색의 가장 기본원천이 되기는 하지만 미용실이나 레스토랑 등의 일반서비스 경우 고객이 쉽게 경험할 수 있고 정보도 쉽게 획득할 수 있기 때문에 상대적으로 내적 정보를 많이 보유하고 있어 서비스품질이나 구매의사결정에도 기업의 촉진활동이 많은 영향력을 미치지 않은 것으로 생각된다. 셋째, 의료서비스에서는 환대서비스, 촉진활동, 물리적 환경 순으로 나타났는데 이는 전문서비스인 의료서비스도 미용서비스처럼 환대서비스와 물리적 환경뿐만이 아니라 촉진활동에도 투자를 해야 됨을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of tangible cues on perceived risk and customer expectation in nonprofessional service and professional service. The results are found like this. First, it is important for service company to make tangible cues to lower customers' perceived risk and increase expectation not only nonprofessional service but also professional service. Second, physical evidence, hospitality, and service process have effects to lower perceived risk and increase expectation in nonprofessional service such as beauty service, restaurant service. But in professional, hospitality, promotion activity and physical affect to customers' perceived risk and expectation. Third, the lower perceived risk and the higher customer expectation, customer visits the service company more

최근 중국의 서비스 상품 소비시장은 급격하게 성장하였지만 서비스상품 구매에 있어 중국 소비자들이 가진 국가이미지에 대해서는 연구되어진 바가 거의 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유형의 상품에서처럼 서비스상품에서도 소비자가 국가이미지에 반응하는지를 먼저 고찰하였으며, 국가이미지뿐만 아니라 소비자의 개인적 요인인 서비스상품 이용경험도 고려하여 향후 중국소비자들의 해외 서비스상품에 대한 기대강화에 여러 가지 변수를 적용시켜 볼 수 있는 모델을 제시하였다. 연구결과 일반국가이미지(general country image)와 일반서비스상품국가이미지(general service product country image), 두 개의 차원으로 구성된 국가이미지가 외국서비스상품의 기대에 영향을 주는 선행요인으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 기대와 일반국가이미지는 외국서비스상품의 구매의도에까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 또한 기대의 과정에서 소비자들은 서비스경험을 활용하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구결과로 두 가지 실무적 시사점을 찾을 수 있다. 첫째, 일반국가이미지에 대한 긍정적 강화가 어렵다면 이미 일반국가이미지가 긍정적으로 형성된 국가의 이미지를 차용해야 한다. 둘째, 소비자에게 익숙한 긍정적이고 구체화된 서비스경험을 지속적으로 제공하여 소비자들의 기대를 강화해야 한다.

In world economy China has changed its role from a low-cost production base to a massive consuming market and also the sales of service products in Chinese market are drastically increasing every year. However, the country image effects of foreign service product brands in Chinese consumers' mind have not been studied properly yet. This study firstly provides an empirical research results to estimate the country image response of Chinese service product consumers just like the numerous cases of tangible products in previous studies. In addition, this study postulates a model that is able to consider not only the country image but also individual consumers' experiences of using service products as a factor of expectation. Also, this study suggests strategic implications in making inroads into the Chinese service market.

Objectives: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the service quality of the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), along with the utilization of and customer satisfaction with its export supporting program, and the export performance of Korean pharmaceutical companies. Methods: An online and offline survey was conducted on Korean pharmaceutical companies that have used the export supporting program provided by KHIDI. Data on the service quality of KHIDI, utilization of and customer satisfaction with the export supporting program, and company export performance were collected via survey. Results: Results indicated that systemizing and reliability service factors of the export supporting program have a significant impact on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction has a significant impact on utilization of the export supporting program. Furthermore, customer satisfaction and utilization of the program have a significant impact on company expectations regarding future export performance. Conclusions: As a result, service quality, utilization, and customer satisfaction were found to affect Korean pharmaceutical company’s expectations regarding their future export performance. The results of this study can significantly impact the development of export supporting programs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate parent expectation and satisfaction with respect to pediatric inpatient care and to identify the variables related to parent satisfaction. Methods: The study was conducted in pediatric wards of a tertiary children’s hospital in Korea. The participants were 361 parents of children who were inpatients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire (The Pediatric Family Satisfaction Questionnaire) at the time of discharge. Results: The highest parent expectation domain was medical service. The parents were most satisfied with nursing service and least satisfied with general hospital service and accommodation. The parents expressed lower satisfaction with hospital facilities, equipment,noise, cleanliness, and communication by health care professionals. Parents with younger children reported higher expectation from the complete hospital service and those who had a longer length of stay reported higher expectation from the nursing service. Conclusion: To improve the quality of hospital services, we need to understand parent expectation and improve and provide clear communication. In addition, the general hospital service and accommodation should not be overlooked for improvement.

This study purposed to analyze difference in expectation and perception of service quality for the physical therapy patients and to provide basic data for maintaining high service quality that meets patients’ anticipation in each service area. A questionnaire survey with physical therapy patients was conducted in J city from Oct 3, 2011 to Nov 15, 2011 and 154 questionnaires were used in analysis. The instrument used in this study to measure service quality was prepared by the researcher through adapting and supplementing the SERVQUAL model developed by Parasuraman et al (1991). For the physical therapy setting, it was consisted of a total of 23 questions in five areas, namely; tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The result showed patients’ perception of service quality was high in order of reliability, assurance, empathy, responsiveness, and tangibility while patients’ expectation of the service quality showed high in order of empathy, assurance, reliability, responsiveness, and tangibility. As revealed in the result, empathy was the most expectation for the patients, however reliability was perceived as the highest. Thus, there exists some difference between in the expectation and in the perception. Out of these areas, the outcome of tangibility and empathy was lower in perception, meanwhile reliability was higher in perception than in expectation, however, these three areas were statistically significant. Consequently, to reduce the difference between in the perception and in the expectation of service quality by patients, it is necessarily considered to provide education for the physical therapists’ perception of service quality and measures for improving service quality so that services would be provided through respectful communication with maintaining the self-esteem of patients, rather than focusing on disease.

본 연구의 목적은 Kau and Loh(2006)가 개발한 서비스회복 4차원의 사전기대와 실제성과 간의 차이여부를 검정하는 것이다. 검정결과, 서비스회복 4차원 모두에 있어서 고객들의 사전기대 보다는 사후성과가 유의하게 낮았다. 그리고 서비스회복에 대한 사전기대의 정도가 Likert-type 7점척도에서 4.8~5.0의 점수를 기록하였으며, 서비스회복이 이루어진 정도인 성과점수가 4.1~4.4의 점수를 기록하였다. 본 연구결과의 시사점은 처음의 서비스에 대해서는 불만족하였지만 서비스회복의 조치를 받은 고객은 처음부터 만족한 고객보다 더 큰 만족을 얻을 수 있다는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서의 발견점은 서비스회복은 매우 중요하다는 것이며, 서비스회복의 조치로 인한 만족은 더 높은 수준의 신뢰감, 긍정적인 구전행동, 및 고객애호도를 유도한다는 것이다.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the differences between the expectation (before the service activity) and the actual performance (after the service delivery) for the four dimensions of the service recovery developed by Kau and Loh (2006). The results of the study revealed that consumers perception of performance was significantly lower than their expectation for all four dimensions of the service recovery. The findings showed that the customers level of expectation with the service recovery effort ranged from 4.8 to 5.0 and the their level of perceived performance varied from 4.1 to 4.4 on a 7-point Likert scale. The results imply that customers who were initially unsatisfied with the service but received some sort of service recovery effort by the service provider can get a higher level of satisfaction than those who were satisfied with the service in the first place. Therefore, the findings in this paper confirmed the importance of the service recovery performance. Satisfaction with the service recovery effort also leads to a higher level of trust, positive word-of-mouth communications and loyalty to the firm.

[연구목적] 본 연구는 생성형 AI 기반의 여행 추천 서비스, 즉 AI 여행 플래너의 서비스 품질 요인이 사용자 인식과 행동에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 최근 관광산업에서 생성형 AI 기술을 적용한 개인 맞춤형 서비스가 확산되고 있으나, 이러한 서비스의 지속 이용을 설명할 수 있는 체계적 연구는 아직 부족하다. 이에 본 연구는 AI 정보 품질과 시스템 품질이 지각된 유용성과 기대 충족을 통해 만족과 지속 사용 의도로 연결되는 과정을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 생성형 AI 기술을 실질적으로 서비스화하 려는 기업 및 스타트업에게 전략적 시사점을 제공하고, 나아가 관광산업 내 AI 수용모델 정립에 기여하고자 한다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 최근 3개월 이내 AI여행플래너를 사용하여 여행 일정을 계획한 경험이 있는 성인 사용 자 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 27.0과 AMOS 23.0을 활용하여 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석을 통해 타당성과 신뢰성을 검증하였고, 구조모형 검증을 해 가설을 검증하였다. [연구결과] 분석 결과, AI여행플래너의 AI정보품질과 AI시스템품질은 모두 지각된 유용성과 기대 충족에 유 의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 지각된 유용성과 기대 충족은 사용자 만족에 유의한 영향을 주었으며, 만족과 지각된 유용성은 각각 지속 이용 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. [시사점] 본 연구는 학문적, 실무적 차원에서 의미를 가진다. 학문적으로는 후기 수용모형에 정보 품질과 시스 템 품질을 외생 변수로 통합하여 설명력을 확장하였으며, 관광산업 맥락에서 AI 수용모델의 정립 가능성을 실증적으로 제시하였다. 실무적으로는 기업과 스타트업이 AI 여행 서비스를 설계할 때 정확하고 신뢰성 있 는 정보 제공, 안정적이고 직관적인 시스템 구현, 기대를 초과 충족시키는 경험 설계가 핵심 전략임을 보여 주었다. 나아가 정책적 차원에서는 관광산업 디지털 전환 과정에서 AI 기반 서비스의 품질 관리와 사용자 경험 설계를 고려한 지원 정책이 필요함을 시사한다.

[Purpose]　The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of service quality factors of generative AI-based travel recommendation services, namely AI travel planners, on user perceptions and behaviors. Although personalized services utilizing generative AI technology have recently been expanding in the tourism industry, systematic research that explains users’ continuance intention toward such services remains limited. Accordingly, this study empirically analyzes how AI information quality and AI system quality influence perceived usefulness and expectation confirmation, which in turn affect user satisfaction and continuance intention. By doing so, the study aims to provide practical insights for companies and startups seeking to commercialize generative AI technologies, while contributing to the establishment of an AI acceptance model within the tourism industry. [Methodology]　This study conducted a survey of 300 adult users who had used an AI travel planner to organize travel itineraries within the past three months. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 23.0. Reliability and validity were tested through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and the structural equation model　was applied to verify the research hypotheses. [Findings]　The analysis results indicate that both AI information quality and AI system quality have significant positive effects on perceived usefulness and expectation confirmation. In turn, perceived usefulness and expectation confirmation significantly influence user satisfaction, while both satisfaction and perceived usefulness positively affect continuance intention. [Implications]　This study provides both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, it extends the explanatory power of the Post-Acceptance Model by incorporating information quality and system quality as external variables, and empirically demonstrates the applicability of AI acceptance models within the tourism context. Practically, it highlights that companies and startups should focus on providing accurate and reliable information, developing stable and intuitive systems, and designing user experiences that exceed expectations as core strategies for AI travel service development. From a policy perspective, the findings suggest the need for support policies that consider quality management of AI-based services and user experience design in the process of digital transformation in the tourism industry.

본 연구의 목적은 기대-가치이론을 중심으로 중등예비교사의 교직과정 이수 동기를 탐색하 는 것이다. 본 연구는 질적 연구로 D대학교에 재학 중인 중등예비교사 10명을 대상으로 성찰 일지 작성하기를 통해 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 중등예비 교사의 교직과정 이수 동기는 교직과정 시작 동기와 교직과정 수행 동기로 나누어 살펴보았 다. 첫째, 중등예비교사의 교직과정 시작에서의 동기는 사람들의 권유, 롤 모델과의 관계성, 가르치는 일에 대한 경험으로 나타났다. 기대-가치이론의 맥락에서 사람들의 권유는 유용가 치, 롤 모델과의 관계성은 내적가치, 달성가치, 가르치는 일에 대한 경험은 내적가치, 달성가 치, 기대 신념과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중등예비교사의 교직과정 수행에서의 동기는 삶의 과정에서의 도전, 진로설계 과정에서의 도전, 교직과정에서의 도전으로 나타났 다. 기대-가치이론의 맥락에서 삶의 과정에서의 도전은 달성가치, 기대 신념, 진로설계 과정에 서의 도전은 유용가치, 달성가치, 기대 신념, 교직과정에서의 도전은 내적가치, 달성가치, 기 대 신념과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과에 기초하여 중등예비교사의 교직이수 과정에서 효과적인 동기 유발을 위한 시사점을 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to explore the motivations of secondary school pre-service teachers in the teaching completion course of teaching profession, focusing on the expectation-value theory. This study was a qualitative study, and data were collected and analyzed through reflective journals with 10 secondary school pre-service teachers enrolled in D University. The results of this study are as follows. The motivations of secondary school pre-service teachers in the teaching completion course of teaching profession were divided into the course of selecting the teaching completion course of teaching profession and conducting the teaching completion course of teaching profession. First, the motivations in the process of selecting the teaching completion course of teaching profession were found by recommendations of the people, relationships with role models, and experiences of teaching. In the context of the expectation-value theory, it was found that the recommendations of the people were related to utility values, the relationships with the role model were related to internal values, attainable values, and the experiences of teaching were related to internal values, attainable values, expected beliefs. Second, the motivations in the process of conducting the teaching completion course of teaching profession were challenges in the process of life, challenges in the process of career design, and challenges in the process of teaching course. In the context of the expectation-value theory, challenges in the process of life were related to attainable values, expected beliefs, challenges in the process of career design were related to utility values, attainable values, expected beliefs, and challenges in the process of teaching course were related to internal values, attainable values, expected beliefs. Based on the results of this study, the implications for the motivation of secondary school pre-service teachers were suggested.

‘Locally Grown, Locally Produced’ is a popular key phrase which attracts quite a bit of interest in a viewpoint of sustainability. In Japan, we intend to activate the local products’ market. Government, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fishery, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and other Ministries cooperate, backing-up related industries. The food service industry in particular has made some efforts to construct a supply chain with local producers as a strategy to differentiate their business from that of competitors. Adding value by using locally produced materials makes their food and concept more attractive and more original. This report mentions some of the work by major food service chain companies and young entrepreneurs. Their cooperation and communication with local producers was so interesting, and their customer satisfaction and their track records reflected their efforts. Some of these companies not only work with producers, but they also enter into agricultural production themselves. In addition, we cannot neglect the fact that these effects stimulate local producers’ motivation and may finally improve agriculture productivity. The output, their food and dining atmosphere are outstanding with various local colors, so they must fascinate many inbound tourists. The Japanese food industry market is shrinking on account of a decrease of its population, but the food service business is expected to grow as inbound tourism becomes more active.

「地産地消」は、持続性という観点において、魅力的なことばとして使用される。日本国内では、地域産品の市場を活性化するために、農林水産省、経済産業省が連携 をとり、いわゆる「農商工連携事業」をバックアップしている。 競争激化する外食産業においては、他社との差別化戦略の一つとして、地域食材を 使用することで、魅力的かつオリジナリティある商品開発をして、価値を高めようと する企業がいくつかある。このような企業は、地域の生産者と連携をすることでサプ ライチェーンを構築している。本報告では、大手外食企業チェーンの取り組みと、若手経営者による新興外食企業の取り組みについて言及する。外食企業と農業生産者との連携により、互いのコミュニケーションが活発になり、さまざまな情報共有ができ るようになる。これにより、農業生産者は、マーケティング力を強化することができ、またモチベーションを高めることができる。実際に、彼らは、生産性を高め、更なる市場開拓することを可能としている。 このような取り組みにより、地域の特色が、外食店のメニューや環境に反映され、魅力的なものとなる。そして、将来的には、日本へのインバウンド観光客を大いに惹きつけられるものとなるであろう。今や、食産業の国内市場は縮小の一途であるが、インバウンド観光客をターゲットに、市場活性化への期待が高まる。

본 연구는 AIDT에 대하여 예비교사들이 어떤 기대를 하고 수학 수업에 어떻게 활용하고자 하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 사범대학 3학년 수학 예비교사 5명이 AIDT 프로토타입을 토대로 수학 AIDT의 기능을 활용한 수학 수업을 설계하고 실행할 때 수업을 참관한 동료 예비교사들이 어떤 장단점을 인식했는지 질적으로 분석하였다. 예비교사들은 교사 대시보드, 학습 진단 및 분석, 교과서 재구성, AI 튜터, 시뮬레이션 기능을 활용 하려 하였고, 수업에 적용하지는 못했지만 AI 보조교사를 활용한 수준별 맞춤 문제 제공, 즉각적인 피드백, 다양한 자료 탑재 등을 요구하였다. 수업을 참관한 동료 수학 예비교사들은 학생과 교사의 관점에서 AIDT의 장단점을 인식하였는데, 학생 관점에서는 수업 활동, 정의적 측면, 개별 맞춤형 학 습, 디지털 기기에 대하여, 교사 관점에서는 수업 개선, 교과서 재구성, 학습 진단, 수준별 과제 제공, 디지털 기기, 업무량 범주에서 장단점을 보고하 면서 AIDT에 대한 일반적인 기대를 보여주었다. 이를 통해 예비교사 교육과 AIDT 활용에 대한 후속 연구를 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how pre-service teachers intend to implement AIDT in math classes and how pre-service teachers recognize the advantages and disadvantages of AIDT. Based on the AIDT prototype, five pre-service math teachers in the third grade of the College of Education designed and executed a math class using the functions of AIDT, and the AIDT functions shown in the class were teacher’s dashboard, learning diagnosis and analysis, textbook reorganization, AI tutor, and simulation. Although it was not applied to the class, pre-service teachers expected AIDT to provide personalized items for each level using AI assistants, immediate feedback, and various materials. Meanwhile, peer pre-service math teachers who attended this class recognized the advantages and disadvantages of AIDT from the perspective of students and teachers, and their advantages were recognized more than disadvantages. From a student's point of view, class activities, affective domain, personalized learning, and digital devices were recognized, and from a teacher's point of view, teaching and learning improvement, textbook reorganization, learning diagnosis, task provision by level, digital devices, and workload categories were represented. Through this, follow-up studies on pre-service teacher education and the use of AIDT were suggested.

본 연구의 목적은 어린이집 교사가 어린이집평가인증을 통해 보육서비스의 질이 어느 정도 좋아지길 원하는지에 대한 기대수준과 평가인증 참여 후 실행수준을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 G시에 위치한 평가인증에 참여한 어린이집 교사 252명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 보육서비스 질에 대한 평가척도는 이경희(2008)가 사용한 도구를 활용하였다. 연구결과는 전체 보육서비스의 질에 대해 평가인증 참여 전 교사의 기대수준 보다 평가인증 참여 후 실행수준이 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 전공유형에 따라서는 부분적으로 기대수준이 실행수준보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 평가인증에 따른 보육서비스의 질에 대한 어린이집교사의 기대와 실행수준의 차이에 대한 원인을 고찰하는 기회를 제공할 것이며, 평가인증이 보육의 질을 향상시키는 유의미한 평가로 지속될 수 있도록 의미 있는 시사점을 제공할 것으로 본다.

The purpose of this study was to examine childcare teachers’ different expectation levels and performance levels of service quality after childcare center accreditation. The subjects were 252 childcare teachers in G province. Quality of childcare services of childcare centers was evaluated by the Quality of Child Care Services Scale by Lee (2008). The data were analyzed by the descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe test. The results of this study were as follows. Childcare teachers’ expectation levels were lower than performance levels of service quality after childcare center accreditation. The results provide a chance to research the cause of the difference between expectation levels and performance levels of service quality of childcare centers.

In the fierce competition among firms, there has been a close connection among service quality, customer perception, customer satisfaction. This study examined the influence of expectation, performance on expectation-disconfirmation in car after service. Additionally, this study explored connections between the expectation-disconfirmation and customer satisfaction. The results of this study show that the expectation and performance in car after service have a great influence on expectation disconfirmation degree. And also according to expectation disconfirmation degree, the level of customer satisfaction index is changed.

Many research results have been presented to improve service satisfaction of customers in the service industry. This study deals with some dynamic factors such as service expectation, inadequacy of service expectation, and service participation as key factors affecting customer satisfaction. As a research problem of this research, whether service expectation forms a relationship that raises service satisfaction by inducing service participation, and whether the inadequacy of the service expectation that is perceived before and after actual service effect affects service satisfaction. In particular, foreign patients visiting Korea to use medical services are expected to participate actively in the treatment activities with high expectation of services. Some analysis results of examining the data of 222 patients were found as follows, customer service participation had a positive effect on the satisfaction of medical service, and customer expectation of medical service played a positive role in customer service participation. In addition, service expectation inadequacy plays a negative role in the participation of the service, and it is confirmed that the service satisfaction is also a negative factor. Therefore, in order to increase the satisfaction of the medical service, it is suggested that the service participation expectation should be increased while the inadequacy of service expectation is reduced to increase the service participation of the customer.

A considerable amount of research has focused on the dimensionality of service failure and recovery construct. This paper is focused on service failure and recovery in the Korean native cattle and imported beef restaurant industry in the Korea. So, this paper has adapted Kau and Loh's Service recovery measurement scale so that restaurant managers can use it to determine how customers perceive the service quality in Korean native cattle beef restaurant and imported beef restaurant. The purpose of this research is to test the difference in pre-purchase expectation and post-purchase actual performance of 4 dimensions between the restaurants that sell the beef of Korean native cattle and imported cattle. The paired t -test is used to test difference of pre-purchase expectation and post-purchase actual performance for service recovery measurement scale's 4 dimensions of the 2 restaurant types. But, there is significant difference between pre-purchase expectation and post-purchase actual performance in the 2 restaurant types.

This study was designed to analyze the differences in pre-service teachers' awareness of role expectations of their supervisors and role performance. Data were collected from seniors in the Department of Early Childhood Education at D University in Gyeonggi Province, and an SPSS/WIN statistical program 15.0 was used to test the collected data to estimate reliability, frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and to carry out t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and simple correlation analysis. As a result, first, the score for role expectation before the students began their supervised teaching was higher than for those who had already taught. Second, there were statistically significant differences in the researcher, teaching activity supervision, student teacher evaluation, role of practical supervision, and the entire role performance in terms of role expectation before supervised teaching; role performance differed statistically significantly in terms of growth opportunity provision; and role expectation differed statistically significantly in terms of the role of practical supervision based on the type of kindergarten where teaching took place. Third, as for the differences in role expectation before supervised teaching and role performance after teaching in kindergartens where pre-service early childhood education teachers practiced teaching, role expectation before teaching differed statistically significantly in terms of the role of practical supervision. Fourth, the higher role expectation student teachers had before supervised teaching, the lower awareness of role performance they had after teaching. Therefore, this study would be significant by suggesting the reason why supervisors should systematically plan supervision in consideration of role expectation before pre-service teachers start to practice teaching; and why pre-service teachers make thorough preparation for supervised teaching and have a chance to make reflective thinking sufficiently before they have excessive expectations of teaching.