Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 암 환자에서 PD-1 또는 PD-L1 억제제와 관련된 중증 면역 관련 혈액학적 부작용 (irHAEs)의 위험을 예측할 수 있는 간단한 머신러닝(ML) 모델을 개발하는 것이다. 우리는 대한민국 대학병원의 전자 의무기록 데이터를 기반으로 한 Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) 공통 데이터 모델을 활용하였 다. 중증 irHAEs는 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 버전 5.0에 따라 3등급에서 5등급으 로 정의되었다. 예측 모델은 3차 병원(KHMC)의 주요 데이터 세트를 사용하여 개발되었다. 예측 모델은 특징 중요도 값(FIV)을 기반으로 중요한 특성에 집중하여 최소화되었다. 코호트는 397명의 환자가 포함되었다. 테스트된 ML 알 고리즘 중 Random forest가 가장 우수한 예측 성능을 보였으며(AUROC 0.88), FIV의 합이 전체 모델의 50%로 줄어 든 모델까지 전체 모델과 유사한 예측 성능을 나타났다(AUROC 0.83, P>0.05). 최소 예측 모델은 furosemide, oxygen gas, piperacillin/tazobactam, acetylcysteine과 같은 예측 feature 추출되었다. 간결성과 적절한 예측 성능을 고려할 때, 우 리의 ML 최소 예측 모델은 임상 현장에서 쉽게 적용될 수 있으며, 궁극적으로 암 면역 치료를 받는 환자의 약물 안 전성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

The objective of this study was to develop a simple machine learning (ML) model predictive of the risk for severe immune-related hematological adverse events (irHAEs) associated with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with various cancers. We utilized the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model based on electronic medical record data from a university hospital in South Korea. Severe irHAEs were defined as Grades 3 to 5 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. The predictive model was developed using the primary dataset from a tertiary hospital (KHMC). The model was simplified by focusing on critical features based on the feature importance values (FIVs). A total of 397 patients were included in the cohort. Among the tested ML algorithms, Random forest showed the best predictive performance (AUROC 0.88), and a parsimonious model, reduced to 50% of the full model's FIVs, demonstrated similar predictive performance to the full model (AUROC 0.83, P > 0.05). The parsimonious model included predictive features such as furosemide, oxygen gas, piperacillin/tazobactam, and acetylcysteine. Considering its simplicity and adequate predictive performance, our parsimonious ML model can be easily implemented in clinical practice and ultimately enhance medication safety in patients treated with cancer immunotherapy.

본 연구의 목적은 일본 소비자를 대상으로 해외직판 쇼핑몰의 재구매 의도에 미치는 영향 요인을 식별하고, 이를 실증적으로 검정하는 것이다. 연구모델은 가격경쟁력, 제품다양성, 평판, 원산지이미지, 이용편리성, 배송서비스, 사후서비스 등 7개의 독립변수와 하나의 매개 변수(신뢰), 그리고 종속변수(재구매 의도)로 구성되었다. 연구결과, 재구매 의도는 소비자의 신뢰에 영향을 받으며, 소비자의 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 요인은 평판, 원산지 이미지, 이용 편리성, 배송 서비스, 사후 서비스였다. 반면, 가격 경쟁력과 제품 다양성은 신뢰에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 해외직판 쇼핑몰 분야의 연구에 방향과 기반을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 실무적으로는 해외직판 쇼핑몰을 출범시키거나 운영하는 과정에서 쇼핑몰의 시장 확대 및 진출 전략을 수립하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of consumer's repurchase intention in the foreign direct sales shopping malls, focusing on the Japanese customers. Research model of the study is composed of seven independent variables (price competitiveness, product diversity, reputation, country-of-origin image, ease of use, delivery service, after service), a mediating variable (trust) and a dependent variable (repurchase intention). The results of this study show that trust is an important factor affecting the repurchase intention of customers. Customers' trust is affected by the reputation, country-of-origin image, ease of use, delivery service, after service. However, price competitiveness and product diversity, which are hypothesized to affect the trust, are not statistically significant. This study will provide a basis for future research on the foreign direct sales area. In addition, it will provide practical information useful in launching and/or operating the foreign direct sales malls.

This study covers the concept of Basic interpersonal communication skill(BICS) and Cognitive academic language proficiency(CALP) that The present ‘Korean as a Second Language Curriculum’ suggests, and aims to clarify the concept of ‘Academic Korean’. This study argues that the vocabulary provided in the appendix should be reorganized in order to reduce the level difference between BICS and CALP and suggests practical methods. And we emphasizes the importance of the role of ‘Korean as learning tool ’ in bridging ‘Daily life Korean’ and ‘Academic Korean’ to reduce the level difference and presented the theory and actuality.

This dissertation aims at finding the solutions to the question; “As for Korean as a second language, What should the grammar that we have to teach be like?”In this paper, we proposed ‘discourse grammar’ as the answer for that question and tried to make sure that the discourse grammar approach is essential for developing communicative competence in Korean. For this, above all we asserted that grammar teaching in foreign language education should be implemented by means of the grammatical facts which have explanatory power and directly contribute to development of communicative competence. In this regard, the notions and features of discourse grammar-the grammar that we think of having strong explanatory power-were examined. Besides, by checking several grammatical phenomena with salient discourse property, we made clear that the discourse grammar approach is absolutely needed for the contents of grammar teaching in Korean language education to have explanatory power. Lastly, it was referred that not alone building ‘standard discourse data’ but also making comparison and organizing among ‘synonymous grammar expressions’ are needed to raise efficiency of discourse grammar education.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the topic of Korean language for academic purposes and examine its current research trends and implications. To achieve this, Researcher first collected articles related to Korean language for academic purposes and built a database. Then, categorized the articles thematically and performed analysis. According to my findings, in the field of Korean language for academic purposes, the areas of Writing and Curriculum have been the most actively researched, followed by Textbook, Vocabulary, Speaking and Reading. However, other subjects related to Korean language for academic purposes were found lacking. Thus, there is a need for research in development of various language skills and functions as well as teacher training programs aimed at boosting Korean language ability and academic performance. Finally, this study or the study considered the concept of Korean language for academic purposes and stressed the need for further study involved in the development of an appropriate curriculum and syllabus and the production of a textbook.

This thesis is about the methods of grammatical annotation and the practical questions about spoken corpus. Since the grammatical annotation about corpus is the essential work, not a few of grammatical annotation about written corpus have been done. But only few the grammatical annotation about spoken corpus have been done. In this thesis, I examined the difference of the principals and genius between spoken corpus and written corpus. Also I have a thought about how to systematize the tag set. As I made a subject of discussion about the problems which I faced.

인삼 유화 음료를 3가지 온도 조건에서 저장하면서 유화안정성, 당도, 진공도, pH, 산도, 색도(L, a, b값), 점도, 사포닌, 미생물 및 관능검사 등 총 10개 항목의 품질 요소들의 변화를 측정한 결과 저장기간 중 품질 변화가 크며 저장 온도에 따른 유의차를 나타내는 4가지 품질 지표인 유화 안정성, 산도, 점도, yellowness를 확인하였다. 품질 지표로 선정한 유화 안정성, 산도. 점도, yellowness의 온도 의존성을 Arrhenius식을 이용하여 판단한 결과, 점도의 경우 온도 의존성이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 유화 안정성의 경우 2단계로 변화가 일어나 저장 초기에 속도가 빠르고, 일정 기간 이후에 속도가 느렸다. 또한 산도 및 yellowness의 변화도 저장기간에 따라 변화하고 저장 온도에 따라 그 속도가 달라짐을 확인 할 수 있었다. 일반적으로 식품의 품질 변화의 온도 의존성을 나타내는 value는 약 2의 값을 나타낸다고 하였으나, 본 연구에서 품질 지표로 선정된 4가지 요소의 value는 각각 다른 값을 나타내었다. 이로 보아 같은 식품이라도 품질 인자에 따라 각기 다른 value를 가지는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 일률적으로 value를 적용하는 것은 적절하지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

Quality factors of emulsified ginseng drink were determined during storage at various temperatures, and its shelf-life was predicted based on changes in emulsion stability, acidify, viscosity, and yellowness. Viscosity was highly dependent on storage temperature. Emulsion stability changed rapidly during early storage period (1st step), then slowly thereafter (2nd step). values of emulsion stability were 2.50 and 1.38 for 1st and 2nd steps, respectively. Viscosity, acidity, and yellowness showed values of 3.45, 1.77, and 1.99, respectively. Although value of 2 has been generally used to predict shelf stability of food materials, our results suggest adopting same value to predict shelf stability of emulsified ginseng drink is not appropriate.