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In Los Angeles (LA), the largest city in the western United States, wildfires in various areas are struggling to be contained due to strong winds and extremely dry weather. The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the current status of wildfires occurring in Los Angeles (LA) and the associated risks. Through this research, first, we aim to raise awareness among LA residents about the dangers of wildfires and contribute to strengthening preventive measures. Second, we intend to provide scientific evidence necessary for local governments and firefighting authorities to improve wildfire response strategies, thereby enhancing disaster management systems. Third, we hope to contribute to the formulation of policies related to climate change, laying the groundwork for sustainable urban development. In conclusion, wildfires in Los Angeles are not just natural disasters but provide important lessons for humanity's sustainable development and safety. By comprehensively promoting prevention education, infrastructure improvement, government collaboration, resident evacuation plans, and research and technology development, we can reduce future wildfire damage and maintain a healthy environment.

Halogen compounds refer to compounds formed by the combination of halogen elements - Fluorine(F), Chlorine(Cl), Bromine(Br), Iodine(I) - with other elements. Industrial uses of halogen compounds include pharmaceuticals, pesticides, plastics, cleaning agents, flame retardants, as well as well-known fire extinguishing agents like halon and clean fire extinguishing agents. However, despite the wide range of products and applications of these halogen compounds, there is limited knowledge regarding their physical hazards. This is related to the health hazards and environmental hazards associated with halogen compounds as well. Halogen compounds are known to be health hazard substances that, depending on the type, can cause toxicity, carcinogenicity as well as endocrine disruptors. In addition, depending on the type, some halogen compounds are known as environmental hazards that contribute to ozone layer depletion and global warming attribution. Halogen compounds are used as fire extinguishing agents and flame retardants, and due to their recognition as substances with health hazards and environmental hazards, physical hazards are often overlooked. However, depending on the type, some halogen compounds can pose hazards such as highly flammable gases or special flammable liquids. This study aims to distinguish the contrasting properties of halogen compounds, such as their flame retardant and fire extinguishing characteristics versus their flammability from an organic chemical structural perspective. The conclusions of this study will serve as foundational data for investigating the flammability risks of halogen compounds in fire investigations.

Titanium is widely used in the space, aviation, medical, chemical industries and household products. Titanium is a combustible metal, and as its usage increases, fires are constantly occurring. However, there is a lack of information on the risk of fire and the guidelines on related regulations or response procedures are not accurate. Therefore, through this study, we analyzed cases of fire accidents that occurred at recycling plants handling titanium metal. In order to prepare effective suppression measures, we conducted FE SEM-EDS analysis of titanium and comparative experiments on reactivity with water, adaptability to fire extinguishing agents, and performance tests. In addition, the conclusions and research results clarified the cause of the fire by evaluating the risks that may occur during titanium metal recycling processing and defining the explosion mechanism, and suggested improvement of the response system for titanium metal fires and review of related regulations.

This study analyzes cases of delayed operation of fire detectors in open compartments, examines the actual status of fire detector operation patterns that change depending on whether the window is open, and simulates (FDS) the currently used fire detector attachment method. Based on this implementation through reproduction experiments, we intend to suggest improvement measures such as selection of appropriate fire detectors and installation locations. The current smart detector (heat + smoke combination detector) and IoT wireless detector that can be installed without circuit construction based on IoT, and Article 11 [Automatic fire detection equipment] Clause 1 of the Fire Safety Performance Standards for Apartment Complexes (NFPC 608) revised by the National Fire Agency are expanding the mandatory installation targets such as “Analog detectors, photoelectric air-sucking detectors, or detectors with functions and performances equivalent to or higher thereto must be installed.” However, it is true that retroactive application is not realistically possible for existing apartment complex detectors. This requires sequential replacement with analog detectors that can accurately and quickly detect and report fires in apartment complexes, etc. through strengthened legal revisions and economic support.

Today, with the rapid development of technology and economy, interest in environment-friendly electric energy is growing. The Korean government is increasing the supply of solar power through subsidies and system improvement. In particular, BIPV, a building integrated solar system, is in the spotlight, and many roof-type BIPVs are being constructed considering the convenience of construction and architectural beauty. However, there is a problem of fire occurrence due to the lack of relevant regulations and response from fire fighting. Therefore, this study concluded that the low-roof slope increases the possibility of fire through the fire case of roof-type BIPV and the investigation of construction buildings.

The recent significant rise in bitcoin prices has led to an increase in cryptocurrency mining, which can be seen by the average hash ratio, an indicator of the average expected number of hash per second generated by miners in the Bitcoin network, and the mining difficulty, an indicator of mining difficulty. As a result, Korea's cryptocurrency mining sites are expected to increase, and despite this situation, cryptocurrency mining sites are not classified as business operators under the Building Act, making it difficult to locate them, resulting in insufficient research and legal systems related to fire safety. Since few studies have dealt with the ignition mechanisms of cryptocurrency miners, we wanted to check the risks of manufacturing equipment that does not meet the power consumption criteria after operating the cryptocurrency miners themselves, and to understand the ignition process caused by overload. In the experiment, the current was accumulated and applied with the current injection device to create an electrical overload environment at the actual mining site, and the fire danger was confirmed by observing the firing process. Accordingly, we would like to present policies to prevent the fire at the cryptocurrency mining site, and suggest the main points and identification techniques to be aware of during field investigations.