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Although it causes secondary damage such as massive firepower loss, air pollution, and groundwater pollution caused by the leaching of digestive water, it is difficult to determine the exact cause of the fire due to the large area and various ingredients of the waste landfill. There are studies on spontaneous ignition of waste landfills, but there are no comprehensive research experiments on waste fires such as wastefills and disposal companies. Therefore, through scientific research and experiments on waste fires, this study paper was selected as the subject to determine the exact cause of the fire and to present legal standards along with fire prevention measures. Deep fire and surface fire were classified according to the location of the waste fire, and deep fire produced a reduced model of the inside of the waste landfill and analyzed the change in fermentation heat according to the amount and loading height. A pre-fire warning system using IoT thermometers (75℃ or higher) and gas meters (carbon monoxide 800ppm or higher) in waste landfills and treatment plants will be established to monitor at all times, and systematically limit waste loading height to 7m or less to prevent waste fires.

The laser amplifies the strong light by collecting and using the energy of electrons to generate high heat, and uses it to cut and polish. Laser technology is used throughout industries such as printers, clothing, medicine, and military, but we are also faced with laser-related fires around us. Especially in industries that use lasers, fires often occur in CNC processes that process iron, acrylic, or wood, which usually occur during lunchtime or when there are no people, causing initial suppression to fail. It also leads to large-scale fires, making it difficult for fire inspectors to determine the cause of the blaze. In this study, the characteristics of laser beams in the CNC process were investgated, and the probability of fire occurrence that may occur in the CNC process. The actual laser showed a similar working form to welding and cutting that it produces high-temperature light and heat. Although the analysis of the processed products, attached films, and adhesives, which were generally thought to be the initial ignition part, determined that they were both combustible material and dangerous substance under the Hazardous Substances Safety Control Act, the reenactment test was conducted under conditions similar to the actual fire in the CNC process. As a result, contrary to expectations, the film and adhesive were not burned, and the first to ignite in the residue, dust, and dust falling into the bottom of the CNC machine, starting combustion. Therefore, it is important to have safety facilities such as overheating sensors and fire extinguishers installed in the machine, but removing combustibles such as impurities and dust from the bottom of the CNC machine produced during the production process should be preceded first of all to prevent fire.

In relation to the increasing number of waste battery fires, this study selected the lithium-ion battery that is used and discharged the most among various secondary battery wastes as a research material, and conducted previous studies and experiments on the ignition path and cause of the discarded lithium-ion battery. Based on this, a re-enactment experiment was conducted on the possibility of ignition under the condition of an electric short circuit and an impact condition, and the possibility of explosion risk was analyzed through the analysis of the residual voltage and internal components of the discarded lithium battery. From the residual voltage analysis experiment through SOC measurement, it can be confirmed from the XRD result that lithium ions are desorbed from the lattice as the layered oxide, which is the positive electrode active material, is charged. The residual energy of the discarded lithium-ion battery is checked, and the local heating of the disused lithium-ion battery from the outside and a partial increase in internal resistance can lead to non-uniform charging/discharging of the electrode, which can be the starting point of ignition

A significant number of house fires are believed to be caused by electrical appliances. Many firefighters suspect that some of these fires are caused by electric rice cookers but lack empirical evidence to counter the denials of major electric rice cooker companies. To investigate this hypothesis, a previous fire suspected to be caused by an electric rice cooker was identified for an experiment in which an electric rice cooker was intentionally short-circuited in similar conditions to determine if the rice cooker was a possible cause of ignition. By analyzing the combustion traces of the past fire and the points of ignition in the short-circuiting experiment, this study concludes that the cause of ignition in the past fire is likely the electric rice cooker. By identifying the electric rice cooker as the cause of ignition, we hope that the reliability of future fire investigation results is improved and further research can be used as reference for analysis of future home appliance fires.

Recently, new means of transportation are being developed or introduced due to changes in the environment of transportation, changes in the attributes of users, and diversity of desires. It is expanding its territory and its demand continues to grow. In addition, the number of fire and explosion accidents caused by batteries related to charger devices of electric kickboards is increasing, which may lead to major accidents. Therefore, in this study, the cause of the explosion accident of the battery of the electric kickboard is to inform the risk of ignition due to physical damage such as condensation, moisture inflow, external shock, etc. according to the temperature difference through the fire reproduction test of the battery pack and to prevent the physical damage of the battery pack. We would like to present the safety standards for the installation of protective frames and regular inspections.

Lithium-ion batteries(LIB) have many advantages and are widely used as power devices for smartphones, electric vehicles and are becoming an essential element in modern society. As the usage of LIB increases, the number of batteries that are discarded after use increases, which leads to a fire. LIB fires are usually caused by overcharging, but in the case of LIB waste, environmental factors dominate. Therefore, as a result of confirming the explosion risk of LIB according to changes in temperature, humidity, and SOC(state of charge) in this study, it was concluded that the LIB waste has a higher rate of temperature increase in a high-humidity environment than in a low-humidity environment. Therefore, in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the time to reach thermal runaway of the LIB waste is shortened, and thus the LIB waste is exposed to the of explosion more quickly.

Generally, vehicle fires are relatively less damaged than building fires. However, the interest in car fires is increasing because it can spread to large damage within a faster time than building fires. Also, interest in eco-friendly vehicles is increasing worldwide in recent years, Eco-friendly vehicles consist of pressure vessels, fuel system, and accessories, which are different from internal combustion engine vehicles, so it is essential to understand the structure and operation mechanism of fuel system to investigate fire & explosion in eco-friendly vehicles. Therefore, in this study, a detailed analysis of the structure, operation mechanism, and safety device of an eco-friendly vehicle was conducted for fire detection in the fuel system of an eco-friendly vehicle. And through numerical analysis of the CHG vehicle fire explosion, the risk of fire spread and damage that can occur due to the operation of the safety device was confirmed.