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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and compare the factors associated with human papillomavirus(HPV) vaccination intention between male and female high school students. The focus is on the knowledge,attitudes and health beliefs related to HPV. Methods: The participants were 246 male and 298 female studentsfrom an academic high school located in Seoul. Data were collected in June 2017, which were analyzed usingdescriptive statistics, the chi-test, t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation coefficients and logisticregression with SPSS for Windows 21.0. Results: 47.6% of the male participants and 86.2% of the female participantsindicated HPV vaccination intention. The median score of the HPV knowledge level was 0 (total score:16)in the boys and 3 in the girls (p<.001). There were significant differences in attitudes and health beliefs relatedto HPV by gender. Religion (OR=0.50), sexual experience (OR=0.09), safety concerns (OR=0.65), perceivedneeds (OR=1.59), importance of prevention (OR=1.78) and perceived susceptibility (OR=1.80) determined HPVvaccination intention in the male students, whereas awareness of HVP vaccination (OR=2.25) and importanceof prevention (OR=1.92) significantly predicted HPV vaccination intention in the female students. Conclusion: Theresults of this study suggest that different strategies need to be taken for different genders: education focusingon safety concerns as well as perceived needs, importance of prevention and perceived susceptibility for malestudents and education emphasizing importance of prevention for female students.

Purpose: This study investigated the predictors of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) among female teenagersin Korea who have had intercourse at least once. Methods: This study is based on the 12th Korea Youth BehaviorWeb-based Survey conducted in April 2016. Data were collected from 798 middle schools and high schools nationwidein Korea and 65,528 students participated. Among the participants, the subjects of this study were 537 femalehigh school students (Grade 10~12). The data were analyzed through complex samples multiple logistic regressionusing SPSS statistics 22. Results: Among the 537 female adolescents, 11.9% replied they had experienced STI. The predictors of STI among the subjects were ‘age at first intercourse’ and ‘sexual intercourse after drinking’. The risk of STI was lower in the middle (OR=0.26, 95% CI=0.10~0.64) and high school (OR=0.11, 95% CI=0.04~0.27) age groups than those who had their first sexual intercourse at an elementary school age. The sexual intercourseafter drinking group had a higher risk of STI, compared to the no sexual relation after drinking group(OR=2.54, 95% CI=1.28~5.07). Conclusion: Practical sex education programs should begin from the elementarystage in order to protect more female adolescents from STI. In addition, sex education including an alcoholprevention program should be considered to lower STI among female adolescents.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the risk of school bullying victimizationand the risk of Internet gaming disorder according to gender in adolescents. Methods: The data of 1,920middle school students collected at the baseline of the Internet user Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of gamingdisorder in Early Adolescence (iCURE) study were analyzed. For statistical analysis, x2 test, t-test and stratifiedmultiple logistic regression analysis were conducted using SAS 9.4. Results: The prevalence rate of Internet gamingdisorder of middle school boys was greater than that of girls (Boys: 9.9%, Girls: 6.2%). The greater the riskof school bullying victimization, the greater both the risk of Internet gaming disorder and the average daily timespent on Internet gaming. In girls, the relationship between the experience of being bullied in school and Internetgaming disorder was not statistically significant. However, the boys who had been bullied in school were 3.2 timesmore vulnerable to the risk of Internet gaming disorder than those without such experience (95% CI: 1.135-8.779). Conclusions: When considering interventions for Internet gaming disorder for adolescents, bullying victimizationshould be taken into account as well. Particularly, relieving stress related to bullying victimization can be importantfor boys with Internet gaming disorder.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a profanity intervention application on interpersonalrelationship ability, aggression, and empathic ability among female middle school students. Method: Thesubjects of the present study were freshmen students at a girls’ middle school in Gyeonggi-do. The profanity interventionapplication was implemented from November 20th to 27th, 2017. The pre- and post-tests were conductedone week before and two weeks after the intervention, respectively. The study was designed as a randomized controlledstudy and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 (Chicago, IL). A homogeneity test betweenthe two groups was performed using x2 test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and ANCOVA. Results:The two groups were found to be homogeneous in the pre-test. After the implementation of the profanity interventionapplication, aggression significantly decreased (F=20.17, p<.001) and interpersonal reactivity (F=5.92, p=.023)and empathy (F=11.10, p=.003) significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Among the factors related with aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility significantly decreased in theexperimental group. Meanwhile, among the factors of interpersonal reactivity, empathic concern and perspective-taking significantly increased and, among the factors of empathy, cognitive empathy significantly increasedin the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the presentstudy, various intervention programs that can consistently improve the moral and ethical sensitivity of studentsshould be presented starting from elementary school to prevent verbal violence in adolescents.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring sexual values of college students. Methods: The data were collected from 308 university students for three months from March 15th to June 15th,2016. The development of the scale was done in the following order: development of preliminary items; verificationof content validity and reliability; factor analysis; and criterion validity of final items. Results: We developed a questionnaireusing a five-point Likert-type scale in a self-report form containing 18 items. From the factor analysis,18 items in three factors were finalized. The 18 items included 3 sub-scales: Cognitive (5 items); Affective (4items); and Behavioral (9 items). The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's ⍺=.88). In this study, sexualvalues were significantly correlated with self-concept (r=.344, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this studywill be useful not only for evaluating sexual values of college students but also for obtaining basic data for sexeducation. However, we need further studies in order to use the scale in practice and research.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of appearance stress and appearance managementbehavior on job-seeking stress among male university students. Methods: The participants of this cross-sectionaland descriptive study were 158 male students attending a university in K Province who completed a self-reportstructured questionnaire. The survey period was from September 19th to November 9th, 2017. Data wereanalyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation and multiple linear regressionanalyses with the SPSS statistics 23 program. Results: Job-seeking stress showed significant differencesaccording to BMI (F=2.55, p=.042) and pocket money (F=3.08, p=.049). The results of the regression analysisshowed that grade (β=8.93, p=.008), pocket money (β=-5.11, p=.029), appearance stress (β=.52, p<.001),and appearance management behavior (β=.25, p=.001) were significant factors affecting jog search stress. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that variables such as grade, pocket money, appearance stress,and appearance management behavior significantly explain job-seeking stress among male students in college. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program to reduce job-seeking stress for senior male students who arepreparing for employment before graduation. In addition, when organizing a program to reduce job-seeking formale university students, it is necessary to help them have a more positive evaluation of their appearance andpursue proper appearance management behaviors.

Purpose: The leading cause of death among teenagers in Korea is suicide. Also, it is known that mental health ofKorean adolescents identified based on the levels of perceived stress or depression is very poor. The purpose ofthis study was to examine the current status of student mental health programs in Korea and the associated problemsand to explore ways to make the programs more effective. Methods: The subjects of the study were a total of 115school nurses and school counselors in elementary, middle and high schools. The study examined the current statusand the associated problems of school mental health programs as well as the needs for teacher training programsrelated to student mental health. Results: Few mental health programs other than counseling for at-risk studentswere being carried out. The problems associated with student mental health management were, in terms of management,‘accountability in case of incidents such as student suicide’ and ‘parents uncooperative in their kid’s mentalhealth management (visit to hospital, etc.)’ and, in terms of manpower, ‘unclear R&R between school nurses andschool counselors’ and, more fundamentally, ‘the lack of human resources.’ The needs for teacher training programsrelated to student mental health were very high and the content required most was ‘ways to manage stress of studentsand teachers themselves,’ followed by ‘interpersonal conflicts management & conservational skills,’ and ‘ways tomanage student mental illness.’ Conclusion: In conclusion, to increase the effectiveness of student mental healthprograms, we should move on from the current system which focuses only on early discovery and intervention toa more comprehensive system that includes preventive approaches, while having clearer R&R and more workforcededicated to student mental health programs and attracting more parental cooperation and support.