Earticle

Purpose: The aim of the research was to define the effects of body image, career identity, and family health on depression in college students. Methods: This descriptive research was conducted from the 1st to the 16th of July, 2018. The data was collected through convenience sampling of 222 college students. To draw conclusions from the data, we used statistical analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: Depression showed negative correlations with body image, career identity and family health. Multiple regression revealed that the factors significantly influencing depression were body image, career identity, and gender. The total explanation of depression by these variables was 29.9%. Conclusion: These findings indicate that intervention strategies to prevent and manage depression in college students should include programs to help them develop positive body image and career identity, considering gender differences.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the factors associated with long hours of smartphone usage and to identify the characteristics of the high-risk group among female middle school students in South Korea. Methods: The study analyzed the data of 13,648 female middle school students using their own smartphone extracted from the 13th Youth Health Behavior Online Survey (2017). The factors related to using smartphones for a long time was analyzed by binomial logistic regression. The characteristics of the high-risk group was defined by a decision tree analysis. Results: The average hours spent on smartphone usage was 269.54 minutes per day. The significant factors associated with the long hours of smartphone usage were grade, living with parents, perceived household economic status, perceived academic achievement, stress, sadness and hopelessness, the main purpose of smartphone usage, drinking, body mass index, breakfast, and satisfaction with sleep quality. The subjects showing low academic performance and having breakfast four times a week or less were more likely to use their smartphone for a long time. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, we need to establish intervention strategies focusing on the factors influencing long-time usage of smartphone. Particularly, the subjects who show poor academic performance and skip breakfast frequently should be considered as the high-risk group for spending long hours on smartphone usage.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the factors related to violence victimization between multicultural and Korean-origin adolescents. Methods: This study used the data of the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. A total of 54,748 multicultral and Korean-origin adolescents were included in the analysis. Weighted percentage and means were used to describe the sample. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were conducted using SAS 9.2. Results: The multicultural adolescents experienced more violence victimization than Korean-origin adolescents. In both groups, middle school students, habitual drug users, and those not living with their family showed a greater risk of becoming a victim of violence. In Korean-origin adolescents, while girls and those with mid-level family economic status showed a lower risk, those who had experienced sadness or despair, suicidal ideation, smoking and problematic drinking showed a higher risk of becoming a violence victim. In multicultural adolescents, those with a lower subjective health status and a lower stress level had a higher risk of violence victimization. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the factors significantly related to violence victimization differ between multicultural and Korean-origin adolescents. Therefore, different approaches are required for the prevention and management of violence victimization in different populations.

Purpose: This review aimed to provide a new perspective on School Heath Promotion(SHP) in the context of Korea's school system. Methods: Relevant literature and reports on SHP were investigated. On the basis of the analysis, this review closely examined how SHP had been developed, and what has been happening in the recent years of SHP in advanced nations. Results: Major findings from this review in terms of finding a new perspective on SHP in Korea were to : 1) share awareness of the fundamentals of SHP; 2) establish a national framework for school-based SHP; 3) build a cooperative SHP governance; 4) strengthen a SHP monitoring and evaluation system; 5) integrate health and education. Conclusion: Recently, serious student health threats have been putting pressure on schools in Korea. This review will serve as a critical implication of how to effectively implement SHP in Korea.

Purpose: This study examined the factors that affect suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents according to their family type. Methods: The data of the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was used in this study. Out of 62,276, a total of 60,077 adolescents (51,367 adolescents from two-parent families and 8,710 adolescents from single-parent families) were included in the analysis. Results: This study demonstrated that the level of suicidal ideation of the adolescents in single-parent families was significantly higher than that of the adolescents in two-parent families. The factors that affect suicidal ideation among the two-parent family adolescents were gender, grade, economic status, academic performance, smoking, drinking, physical activity, subjective health status, subjective body image, subjective happiness, stress, and depression. The factors that affect suicidal ideation among the single-parent family adolescents included gender, grade, smoking, subjective health status, subjective happiness, stress and depression. Conclusion: Single-parent family adolescents are likely to have a higher level of suicidal ideation along with higher levels of depression and stress and lower levels of subjective health and happiness, compared to single-parent family adolescents. For this higher-risk group of suicidal ideation, more thoughtful attentions and proactive policies are needed to manage their mental health and stress in school and family situations.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of auriculotherapy on reducing signs of dry eye syndrome. Methods: This study is based on a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The participants who scored higher than 13 on the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) were divided randomly into two groups, the experimental group (n=45) and the control group (n=44). Auriculotherapy was performed by researchers for 2 weeks. For the experimental group, seed stickers were applied to the eye, liver, shenmen, and tubercle point of their ears. The pretest and the posttest included the same questionnaires of the OSDI as well as the Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ25) and the eye fatigue. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test and paired t-test, using SAS 20.0 program. Results: The difference in the OSDI’s scores showed a significant decrease between the pretest and the posttest (t=-4.12, p<.001) in the experimental group. No significant difference was found in the NEI-VFQ25 (t=-0.10, p=0.921, t=-0.91 p=0.374). However, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in eye fatigue (t=5.78, p<.001), whereas the control group showed no difference (t=1.38, p=0.18). Conclusion: Auriculotherapy can be used effectively on relieving the symptoms of dry eye syndrome and eye fatigue. However, the quality of life related to eyes was not improved by auriculotherapy.

목적 : 본 연구는 전문대학생의 식행동과 스트레스에 영향요인을 알아보기 위하여, 건강관련요인, 식행동과 스트레스관련요인을 조사하였다. 방법 : 전문대학생 405명(남자-195명, 여자-210명)을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문내용은 일반적 특성, 건강관련요인, 식행동, 그리고 스트레스관련요인에 관한 문항으로 구성하였다. 결과 : 평균체질량지수는 남학생이 높고, 저체중 비율은 여학생이 높고, 과체중이상 비율은 남학생이 높게 나타났다. 운동 빈도, 건강에 대한 관심도, 그리고 건강상태가 좋다는 남학생이 높게 나타났고, TV시청과 컴퓨터게임시간은 여학생이 높게 나타났다. 남학생이 규칙적인식사, 아침식사, 그리고 흡연비율은 남학생이 높게 나타났다. 식생활의 문제점은 남학생과 여학생사이에 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 스트레스 원인은 ‘사회적 요인’, ‘학업’, ‘개인적 요인’ 순으로 나타났고, 스트레스를 받았을 때 나타나는 증상은 ‘신경예민·걱정·근심·불안’, ‘두통’, ‘소화불량’ 순으로 나타났고, 스트레스 해소방법으로는 ‘휴식’, ‘알코올과 담배’, ‘실외활동’ 순으로 남학생과 여학생사이에 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 스트레스를 받았을 때 선호하는 음식으로는 ‘알코올과 음료’, ‘맵고 뜨거운 음식’, ‘달콤한 음식’ 순으로 나타나 남학생과 여학생사이에 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 결론 : 스트레스는 식행동, 음주, 흡연, 그리고 건강 상태 등에 영향을 미친 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 대학생의 건전한 식행동과 영양적인 측면을 고려한 지속적인 영양교육이 요구되며, 스트레스 해소를 위한 각종 프로그램 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the dietary behaviors and stress-related factors among male and female college students. Methods : A total of 405 college students (male-195, female-210) were recruited, of whom a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The study investigated the general characteristics, health-related factors, dietary behaviors, and stress-related factors of the respondents. Results : The body mass index was significantly higher in males. The rates of underweight and overweight were significantly different between male and female respondents. The scores for workout frequency, health concerns and health condition were significantly higher in males, while the score for watching TV & playing computer games was significantly higher in females. The scores for meal regularity, frequency of breakfast consumption, and smoking were significantly higher in males. Eating problems showed a significant difference between males and females. The biggest source of stress was social factors, followed by college study and individual factors and the most experienced stress-induced symptom was anxiety, followed by headache and stomachache. The most popular way to overcome stress was taking a rest, followed by drinking & smoking and outdoor activity. The most preferred food under stressful conditions were alcohol or beverages, followed by hot & spicy food and sweet food, which showed a significant difference between males and females. Conclusions : These results indicate that stress affects dietary behaviors, drinking, smoking, and health status. Stress not only changes dietary behaviors, but is also related to health status. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate programs for emotional stability and stress relief targeting college students which provide continuous nutrition education focused on desirable dietary behaviors and nutritional aspects.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity and energy drinks consumption in Korean Adolescents. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis using statistics from the 2017 (13th) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The variables used in the study were physical activity, energy drinks consumption and socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, academic achievement, household economic status and weekly allowance. The data were analyzed by χ2-test and multinominal logistic regression and the results were presented in percentage. Results: As the number of days engaging in moderate and vigorous physical activities increased, the response that they consume energy drinks ‘more than 5 times a week’ also increased. The subjects who participated in a ‘moderate’ or ‘high’ level of moderate physical activity consumed 1.4 times more energy drinks than those who do not participate in physical activity. And the subjects who engaged in a ‘low’ or ‘moderate’ level of vigorous physical activity consumed about 1.3 times more energy drinks than those who don't work out. Conclusion: As the level and intensity of physical activity increased, the number and frequency of energy drinks consumption increased. The results of this study can be used as basic data for intervention programs to reduce energy drinks consumption and promote proper physical activity.

Purpose: This study provides information for the development of educational programs for improving awareness of support to the elderly among adolescents. Method: The 350 students of high schools located in Seoul were selected as subjects and surveyed using structured questionnaires during 11th-15th of April in 2014. The 327 subjects were used for analysis and the response rate was 93.4%. SPSS WIN18.0 program was performed for t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis. Results: First, adolescents with parents aged over 50 compared to those with parents younger than 40 showed high level of awareness of support to the elderly. The high level of cognitive factors including image and perception towards the elderly (t=3.07, p=.01) were significant factors of awareness of support to the elderly. In experiential factors, adolescents with extensive influence of media and experiences with cohabitation with grandparents, and experiences with voluntary service activities were statistically significant with the high level of awareness of support to the elderly. Second, in regression analysis, adolescents' economic support awareness was higher with the stronger influence in the elderly-related media (β=.221, p=.032). The emotional support awareness was higher among the eldest sons (β=.220, p=.017) and perception (β=.352, p=.001) to elderly (β=.221, p=.032). Physical support awareness was higher when the positive image for the elderly (β=.223, p=.016) and the high perception towards the elderly (β=.293, p=.007). Conclusion: The awareness of support to the elderly should be constantly strengthened to the adolescents. Despite the rapid increase of the elderly, studies are not sufficient. Further research will be necessary.