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The software development process has been utilized in a variety of methodologies in order to develop high-quality software. There has been a vast array of studies on the various methodologies applicable to the cases of development wherein large-scale systems or requirements have been established. However, very few studies have been conducted regarding the methods suitable for a software project in which the requirements are not determined or the development of additional sub-systems is expected. By utilizing a systematic software development process, designers and developers can perform tasks efficiently when developing additional sub-systems. In this paper, an analysis was performed on the items changed and applied to modify the MESAS software proposed for maritime English into a requirement analysis process suitable for mobile versions by using a continuous integration tool, and to additionally develop a desktop versions.

Generation of test cases is challenging part of software testing phase. Test cases must have ability to cover more test objective features i.e., achieve more test coverage. The different techniques for automatic generation of test cases find small set of test cases reduce human efforts as well as cost of software testing and produce most efficient and effective testing of software product. This survey gives overview of different techniques of automatic test cases generation.

The present study analyzed the effects of mathematics achievement difference on Scratch programming activities. The results showed significant differences in implementation evaluation and perception of Scratch programming by mathematics achievement groups. These differences were larger in the area of geometry, which is directly related to mathematics, than creative activities. The difference, however, was reduced as the classes progress. The results of the present study suggest that instructional plans and organization of learning environment should take mathematics achievement variables in consideration for Scratch programming lessons.

A growing number of people are using laser scanner for gathering data in relation to interior space. Laser scanner is able to reduce the required amount of time and labor while generating high-density point cloud. Hence, it is increasingly used in various applications, including construction of indoor three-dimensional model, measurement of inner structure deformation and maintenance and management of deformation of buildings. In this study, point cloud data about cave was generated by making use of the mobile hand scanner created based on SLAM technology. Moreover, this study aimed to produce a cross-section of the cave with this mobile hand scanner in order to prove its applicability. As a result, the geospatial information about 2km long cave could be constructed effectively with 30-minute data acquisition. Moreover, the cross-section of the cave was generated for proving the effectiveness of this mobile scanner. It would be possible to monitor the changes inside the cave with a periodic data acquisition. Also, the data acquired through mobile scanning would be of great help in constructing geospatial information.

In cloud environment, data intensive applications required to interact with various kinds of databases ranged from SQL (Structured Query Language) to NoSQL. NoSQL databases have wide-ranging physical level data models like key-value, document, column oriented, graph etc. Designing such databases are complex due to absence of well-accepted common meta-modeling concepts for varied physical level data model. Thus, research challenges are exist towards achieving common interpretation of data and their semantics at conceptual level over disparate databases. In this paper, an ontology driven meta-model, called Ontology Driven NoSQL Data Model (ODNSDM), is proposed to conceptualize data representation facets over heterogeneous kinds of databases. The novelty of the proposed approach is to provide common conceptual level abstraction based on semantically enriched formal vocabularies for both NoSQL and SQL databases. The formal vocabularies are further implemented using an ontology editorial tool Protégé based on OWL (Web Ontology Language). Several crucial properties of the proposed model are also prescribed in this paper. In addition, the proposed framework is illustrated using case studies in order to show its practical exhibition. Moreover, step wise algorithms are to map the proposed conceptualization towards SQL and NoSQL based databases.

National Competency Standards (NCS) are defined as required knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to execute one’s duties at work; these are systematized by business sectors and level of ability. To create a competence based society, the South Korean government has established NCS and have promoted the application of NCS in vocational education areas. In accordance with the government’s effort, universities, government institutions, and companies are trying to apply NCS into their system. Particularly, universities have developed NCS-based curriculum and offer courses which are developed based on national competency standards. However, a standardized assessment tool for instructors has not been developed as of yet. With absence of an assessment instrument, instructors are struggling to assess students’ NCS vocational competency. This study developed the performance assessment instrument to assess NCS communication skills, and tested the validity of developed instrument. Developed performance assessment instrument enables the objective and coherent assessment of students’ communication skills. This study will contribute to the development of an assessment instrument for assessing other vocational basic skills.

Background: Software Engineering (SE) is a young discipline aiming at the systematic application of tools, methods and practices to develop and maintain software products on time, under budget and with a certain degree of quality. Research in SE has gradually attracted the attention of various Mexican higher-education institutions and some Mexicanresearch centers. Objective: This study aims to survey the existing SE research conducted in Mexico to identify areas of research and research gaps. Method: A systematic mapping study was performed to find relevant papers on the topic in a structured and repeatable manner. Results: From a total of 380 documents retrieved by the defined search string, 206 relevant papers were selected. Taking as reference the Knowledge Areas (KAs) of the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK V3.0), we observe that more than half (69%) of the Mexican states have at least one published paper in one of the KAs. The knowledge areas KA02 (software design) and KA08 (software engineering process) have the most published papers. The most common venue of publication is the conference, and the second most common is the journal article, among other interesting results. Conclusions: Although SE research in Mexico is gradually being strengthened, more research across the Mexican states remains necessary.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation of the initial value and alteration rate by checking the yearly alteration process of structural relation between benchmarks of teaching-learning engagement included in the NASEL and verifying Multivariate LGM. To this end, the LGM was applied to the estimate optimum alteration model that can explain each study variable and to find longitudinal influence of variables. The main result of the study is as follows. First, when analyzing the optimum growth model of each variable, linear alteration model where both student-faculty interaction (SFI), positive and collaborative learning (PCL), teaching and learning outcomes (TLO) were found to have steadily increased with the lapse of time. Individual differences were found in the initial value and alteration rate. Second, when analyzing the relation among variables by applying Multivariate LGM, both initial value and alteration rate of positive and collaborative learning, teaching and learning outcomes were high when the initial value of student-faculty interaction was higher. Thus, these findings show that the degree of student-faculty interaction can be important basic variable of positive and collaborative learning and teaching and learning outcomes. Third, the initial value and alteration rate of teaching and learning outcomes were also significantly affected by the initial value of positive and collaborative learning and the higher degree of positive and collaborative learning affected the alteration rate of teaching and learning outcomes more significantly. Thus, the results show that the most important task for each university is to search for the proper method which can further increase interaction with student-faculty in order to maximize university students' teaching and learning outcomes.

Recently, as a response to the changing university environments, the shift in educational paradigms have lead South Korean universities to provide diverse educational services for students and emphasize the role of the Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL). This study aims to examine whether the perception of learning support programs offered by the Center for Teaching and Learning affects class satisfaction for the research subjects of science and engineering students. To achieve this, data was collected by surveys and a multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of the perception of learning support programs provided by the CTL on class satisfaction. According to research results, it appeared that related factors had a positive effect on class satisfaction. It was found that in the case where the perception of learning support programs was high, class satisfaction would also increase. In particular, the perception of a well equipped learning support program and prior experience in participating in a learning support program had positive effects on class satisfaction for both major and general education classes.

Agile development model solved a lot of its predecessor the waterfall model problems like time, cost, resources and high risk of failure due to incomplete or inaccurate requirements. However, agile model introduced the client communication problem; due to the structure and nature of agile methodologies, it depends heavily on communicating with client. With four layers of communication that get repeated in almost every agile iteration, failing to handle client communication is one of the main reasons behind failure of agile based projects. In this paper, we survey the existing methods of communication which are classified into two main categories: physical meetings/workshops and software communication tools. Each category is assessed and compared based on certain attributes such as availability, productivity, cost, reliability, trust and project coverage. In addition, the available solutions to address the communication problem, which include enhanced physical meetings/workshops and software tools like requirement engineering tools, agile management tools and social media sites and applications, are analyzed and assessed based on attributes such as usability, formality and project coverage. The study revealed that the available solutions did not address all the aspects of the communication problem. Therefore, it is desirable to develop an integrated solution which utilized communication software tool using social media frameworks as its backbone and physical meetings to benefit from human interaction and relationships to solve the communication problem in agile environment.

The purpose of this study is to attempt to analyze the validity of the modular-type test construction implemented in the CSAT (College Scholastic Ability Test) of 2014. In order to test this, we analyzed the item difficulty and item discrimination according to different modules of the test items of Regional Coalition Academic Tests (RCAT), which is similar to CSAT. Based on the results of the analysis, topic comprehension module and detail information module have turned out to be rather easy test items with relatively high difficulty and discrimination. On the other hand, writing module, grammar/vocabulary module, and interaction module have proved as items with lower difficulty and discrimination. Based on the results of the study, we propose the possibility of applying level-differentiated test on the assumption that it would be easier to derive the complementarity of the construction of modular tests and to minimize the mutual interference between test items. Also, since a module is a group of similar test items that measure the same ability, we discussed the possibility to create a test format that corresponds to learner level, learning content, and the learning environment by adjusting the proportion of each module.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the care worker’s perception of human rights infringement, level of human rights infringement, and social support on job stress. For doing this, we conducted a survey from July to December 2015, and a total of 284 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The main results of the study are as follows. First, the care worker's perception of human rights infringement was average of 3.66, higher than the medium. However, the level of human rights infringement was low as a whole, with verbal and emotional infringement 2.49, followed by physical threat infringement 2.11, physical violence infringement 1.91, and sexual violence infringement 1.48. Second, according to the result of examining the effect of the care-managers’ perception of human rights infringement, level of human rights infringement, and social support on job stress, sexual violence infringement had the biggest effect on the role conflict and role excessiveness in the level of human rights infringement. Also, verbal and emotional infringement and social support had the biggest effect on the role vagueness. Especially, social support was the protection factor for reducing the role vagueness. And, the result that sexual violence infringement is the major effective variable for role conflict and role excessiveness in job stress.

Multi Agent System (MAS) is an assembly of autonomous, proactive and dynamic entities called agents. These agents provide some service once an event is invoked. By providing the designated service the MAS achieves a specific goal. A logic based formal analysis of MAS is necessary to understand the system, its structure and dynamics. A systematic and sequential methodology is used for analysis of MAS. As a result of analysis several constructs in form of templates is obtained to represent the different facets of MAS. This is extremely necessary as it allows to explicitly identify how agents directly or indirectly interact or coordinate and collaborate with each other. This paper proposes an Architectural Design Language called Agent Description Language (ADL) that will be required to map these analysis templates to the design phase. Establishing the correctness of the structural transformation and correspondence from analysis to design phase constitutes the other side of the proposal. The proposed ADL has been used to get the corresponding classes of the templates generated. Jason, the universal MAS programming language has been used to implement the ADL classes to get the logical design which conforms to the conceptual design phase. The case study of Medical Emergency Service (MES) has also been taken to illustrate the proposals and findings.

This study is an analysis of the research trends of the Korean Journal of Educational Research, the leading journal in the study of Korean education. In this paper, the semantic network analysis method that applies to social network analysis was used to measure the frequency of certain types of research themes in order to examine their connection centrality and network diagram. This paper examined 355 theses published from 2006 to 2015. The results of the analysis revealed that the keyword "academic achievement" appeared most frequently (34 times), followed by “self-efficacy,” (24) “learner,” (17) “curriculum,” (16) “education,” (14) “teaching and learning,” (13) and “multicultural education.” (13) In the network diagram, the keywords of “learner,” “sense of efficacy,” “private education,” “academic achievement,” “assessment,” and “curriculum” demonstrated high centrality. Among these keywords, a network was formed centering around words such as “learner,” “assessment,” “academic achievement,” “sense of efficacy,” and “curriculum.” In other words, this indicates that these keywords are often associated with the research process. In this study, moreover, a network text cluster map with a wide variety was formed. This demonstrated that the Korean Journal of Educational Research covers a range of study contents of subcategories within the field of education. This paper examines the core themes of education, their connectivity and connection centrality, and a map of network clusters.

Obtaining thematic maps using image classification techniques from hyperspectral datasets is a very difficult image processing task. In hyperspectral image analysis dimensionality reduction is one of the challenging pre-processing tasks, which is achieved using feature extraction techniques. The beauty of these techniques is that they drastically reduces the dimensionality of image and at the same time preserves the majority of the essential information. In this paper few most frequently used dimensionality reduction methods are being investigated, which helps to get accurateness. This research work presents a relative performance investigation of few mostly frequently used feature extraction techniques like Decision Boundary Feature Extraction (DBFE), Non-Parametric Weighted Feature Extraction (NWFE), Discriminative analysis feature extraction (DAFE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The classification is carried out using two most widely used classification techniques including Gaussian Maximum Likelihood (GML) and neural network (NNs). The results obtained after performing experiments indicates that Decision Boundary Feature Extraction (DBFE) technique has provided the best accuracy among various investigated feature extraction techniques. The application areas of this research include areas like identification of exact location in battle field, drought affected areas, flooded areas and weather forecasting etc.

The purposes of this study were to the influence of team project physical education classes on self-directed learning and creative personality and provide helpful data for the effective management of physical education classes to promote the development of students in various aspects. For this purpose, the investigator gave two ninth grade classes that made the experiment group at G Middle School in Gwangju Metropolitan City and another two ninth grade classes that made the control group. Using the questionnaire, collected data were put to the t-test. The analysis results were as follows: First, there were significant differences in the changes of self-directed learning between the experiment and control group. Secondly, there were also significant differences in the changes of creative personality between the experiment and control group. Therefore Team Project Physical Education Classes which enabled the students to choose project topics themselves, take the initiative in implementing project tasks was a positive influence on self-directed learning and creative personality.

Logistics-IT has been developing with advancement of the logistics industry. However, slow growth of global economy has led Logistics-IT to experience difficulties. In order to respond to fast-changing external environment Logistics-IT attempts to strengthen its competitive advantage by improving efficiency. This study measures and analyzes management efficiency of Logistics-IT companies and compares with data from 2014. Management efficiency is evaluated through relative efficiency using DEA. Through the results, we review trends in efficiency of Logistics-IT in 2 years and propose continuous opportunity to improve efficiency.

In this paper, we present a new approach to reconstruct a high resolution (HR) image from a low resolution (LR) input image based on a two dimensional (2D) sparse method. The new method consists of three phases. Firstly, the nonlinear feature of the input LR image is divided into the linear subspace, and then LR-HR dictionaries are learned to reduce the blurred artifacts of the image. Secondly, 2D sparse representation and self-similarity are developed to strengthen and enhance the image structure. Finally, the final HR image is achieved by reconstruction of all HR patches. Simulation results demonstrated that our proposed method achieved superior results on real images, and shows various improvements in terms of PSNR and SSIM values as compared with some other competent methods.

Public research institutes take major role in creating breakthrough technology development but most cases, fail to successfully commercialize it. This is very critical symptom in Korea where the government R&D expenditure is among top in the world, but its money value of commercialization is very low. In this study, we studied all Korean public research institutes to evaluate the efficiency of their technology development and technology transfer, showing the wide gap of two activities. In order to properly measure the efficiency, we make full use of input and output variables such as research/TLO human resources and expense, and research outputs such as patents and royalty revenue. In summary, we show that, in order to efficiently manage government-supported R&D, it is necessary to maximize the efficiency both for technology development and technology transfer of public research institutes.

This study proposes a novel method of learning Chinese vocabulary using vibrotactile stimuli corresponding to Chinese intonation. We have created vibration feedback for the experiment, and developed a mobile application for the testing. Learning and testing have been carried out using the developed application with 30 subjects that had no preliminary knowledge of Chinese, and were divided into haptic and non-haptic groups. The experiment results show that the haptic group earned higher points than the non-haptic group by 46%, in terms of the average test score. Consequently, we conclude that learning Chinese intonation with vibrotactile stimuli is effective.

Mobile devices are playing a vital role in information processing systems in day to day life. Current trend suggests that smart phones are going to be the first-most computing devices which many people will carry with them for maximum time everywhere. However, smart phones are still lacking behind the essential resources. This demands the need for Mobile Cloud Computing, where the key elements of data storage and data processing are carried outside the mobile devices. So this provides flexibility to mobile users as, the application and the data stored remotely can be accessed on-the-fly with high speed networks. Variation among the mobile network on basis of elements such as, bandwidth, unstable network and its uncertain availability are barriers for Quality Of Services in the performance. Thus the solution is to connect the mobile devices heterogeneously where they work collaboratively as resource providers. Our mechanism suggest for “Mobile to Hub to Cloud” model which can tackles the network disparity problem. A scenario gives the perfect example for the need of such model, mobile users in areas with infrastructure where the costs of accessing the network is too high, such as traveler who doesn’t wished to pay high roaming charges. Thus the suggested model can evaluate the following options: storing data in mobile hubs and improving the message delivery performance. So as in our example, traveler now can push the data onto the mobile buffers or hubs which in turn will send it to the cloud server.

This study was to examine the persistently influential course evaluation factors at college level from 10 years longitudinal research to provide qualitative suggestions to improve college education. This paper analyzed 47,177courses (100%) from spring semester of 2005 to fall semester of 2014 for 10 years at a university located at metropolitan city in mid area of South Korea. Based on the related literature review, this study selected important evaluation factors such as class size, course classification, course open student year, academic area of course specialty, lecture type, course grading system, faculty status, and faculty position. From the results, the persistent factors are course by student year, class size, course classification, and non persistent factors are normative vs. relative course grading system, course open department, faculty status and position. This study suggested that qualitative comments data could be also analyzed using big data analysis techniques such as text mining and data mining, and provide authentic suggestions to improve individual faculty lecture quality and finally college education overall.

The purpose of this non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental study was to determine the difference between the effect of consonant and dissonant music therapy on the autonomic nervous system and stress management. Participants were thirty-eight college students that were enrolled between August 2, 2015 and September 7, 2015. Twenty-one students were allocated to the experimental group and listened to consonant music, and 17 students were allocated to the control group and listened to dissonant music. SPSS Ver. 21 program was used for an analysis, and χ²-test and t-test were used for homogeneity test. Analysis of covariance was used to compare results before and after music therapy after controlling for baseline scores. Consonant music therapy had a significant positive effect on subjective stress (p< .001), parasympathetic nerve activity (F = 4.66, p= 0.038), and sympathetic nerve activity (F= 4.65, p=0.038) compared with the control group.

Non Cerebral regions affect the accuracy of segmentation process in many automated approaches towards delineating objects of interest. Further this will have its impact on proper diagnosis and treatment planning in many cognitive related disorders. As large volumes of data are produced though medical imaging, fast and accurate processing is much sought. As manual delineation is time taking and unwanted portions need more processing steps, regions like skull should be removed. In the current work, a simple algorithm is proposed that involves modeling of histogram in such a way that only brain tissue is extracted. It will involve deriving two threshold values from the intensity distribution by using Gaussian fit. The significance of Gaussian fit is that it helps in finding the maximum deviation of histogram of given MR image with respect to approximated distribution. The thresholds calculated, partitions the given coronal slice into two regions skull and brain. After a binary mask is generated, a sequence of morphological operations is used to get the final result.

This research focused on the practical training program provided by government and practiced by human resources development service of Korea to fire protection engineers to analyze the training program is suitable to improve their productive capacity. To continually improve job skills through the educational program for fire protection engineers, we propose the following suggestions. First, the educational programs of the practical training for the fire protection engineers should be separated with the educational programs of practical training for the fire protection inspection and testing engineers and associate fire protection engineers. Second, diverse educational programs for the fire protection engineers should be provided. Finally, the government needs to recommend to Korea fire safety association to improve the educational program and to provide diverse educational programs. Otherwise, the government needs to allow enter the practical training program to the other institutions outside Korea fire safety association.

This study aims to analyze university students’ learning strategies preferred in the knowledge creation process and academic achievement according to their learning styles in a cyber learning environment. The participants of this study were 196 university students who attended cyber lecture classes in C University in Korea, and the research instruments were Felder-Silverman’s learning styles inventory, preferred knowledge creation learning strategies questionnaire and academic achievement test. First, from the results of comparing preferences of four knowledge creation learning strategies in learning styles, active and global learners showed significantly high preference in knowledge activation, elaboration, divergent thinking, knowledge sharing strategy than reflective and sequential learners. Intuitive and visual learners showed significantly higher preference in the rest three learning strategies excluding respectively knowledge activation strategy and elaboration strategy than sensing and verbal learners. Second, the result of difference in academic achievement according to learning style, sequential learners showed higher scores than global learners. There was no significant difference in academic achievement between active and reflective leaner, between sensing and intuitive learners and between visual and verbal learners. The results of this study may be utilized for basic sources to design cyber learning tasks and support functions to perform learning strategies according to individual learners.

Software plays a significant role in technological and economic development due to its utmost importance in day to day activities. A sequence of rigorous activities under certain constraints is followed to come up with reliable software. Various measures are taken during the process of software development to ensure high quality software. One such method is software module fault prediction for quality assurance to discover defects in the software prior to testing. It aids in predicting the software module faults earlier in the development of the software which predicts fault prone modules so that these can be given special attention to avoid any future risk which eventually curbs the testing along with maintenance cost and effort. The literature survey uncovers many findings that had never been focused like dimensionality reduction and feature selection based on individual feature importance which leads to increase in time complexity and chances of false information. This paper addresses these issues and proposes a supervised machine learning based software module fault prediction technique by implementing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as classifier model. Feature selection methods used are InfoGain and Correlation. The results obtained are compared with the existing method HySOM (SOM Clustering with Artificial Neural Network Classification) by considering three different feature sets (Fifteen features, Eighteen features and Twenty one features) of PC1 dataset from NASA. The comparative analysis is performed on the basis of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-measure. The results clearly show better performance of the proposed CNN based technique than HySOM. This paper will contribute towards improvement of quality assurance models utilized for software fault prediction by automating this process using machine learning which enhances True Positive Rate and reduces the detection error. This in turn will help project managers, testers and developers to locate and keep track of fault prone modules so that final software is more accurate, consistent and reliable without consuming much of the testing and maintenance resources.

Busan Metropolitan City has already become the first aged society out of the seven metropolitan cities in 2014. Four towns (namely Dong-gu, Jung-gu, Yeongdo-gu, Seo-gu) in the downtown areas in Busan city have already become super aged society. Busan city, where there is a high number of the aging society, has been fast becoming a city for the ageing. It is expected that Korea will enter an aged society in 2018 and a super aged society in 2026. Increase of the older-aged population will be connected to a rapid increase of the elderly with dementia, which could become a severe social and economic problem to the community. Therefore, this study analyzes regional resources in each town and offers plans for efficient dementia prevention according to regional ageing in Busan city.

A vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) communication is becoming an important and popular research factor in the wireless networking. It has the potential to improve road safety and travelers comfort. VANETs are distributed, self-organizing communication networks built by moving vehicles. Its differ from MANET by their architecture, characteristics and applications as well as some sort of security issues. A vehicular ad hoc network (VANETs) is very important factor for improving the road safety and comforting of the travelers. Recently VANETs have emerged to turn the attention of researchers in the field of wireless and mobile communications; they differ from MANET by their architecture, characteristics and applications as well as some sort of security issues which make them to the deployment stage, potential security and privacy issues must be addressed. It’s associate spontaneous network for the longer term Intelligent Transport System (ITS) sensible progress achieved by the investigator on study of Vehicular Ad hoc Network. However some challenges and problems still here for analysis is to be like communication, security, application, stimulation, verification and services. These solutions is classified into Public-Key Approaches, Symmetric; Hybrid Approaches and ID based mostly having the aim to construct a strong security framework for VANETs and thereby stop security attacks considerately to adapt with specific options of VANETs. In this paper we have a tendency to present the maximum aspects alongside the comparison associated with this field to assist researchers and developers to know and distinguish the most surrounding VANET in one solid document, while not the necessity to travel through different relevant papers and articles preliminary from VANET architecture by gaging up with the improving productivity of node compromise attack in vehicular Ad hoc network using Connected Dominating Set recommended general algorithmic program, that promotes the attacking productivity by destroying the network backbone and Analysis of Novel & Empirical Methods Explained Attacks & Countermeasures in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network.

Sustainable Development is a vision for development as a concept including environment, economy, and society for future and current generation. There are many studies related to SD in various fields. The purposes of this study are to identify research trends of Sustainable Development and to draw shared views in topics of SD research. For the foregoing, this study classified 107 Korean researches related to sustainable development published from 2005 to January 2016,and drew out the definitions of SD. In researches related to SD, SD is defined as balanced and equal development considering capacities of environment, society, and economy. Because the notion of development is dominated by the principle of economic-interest-first, fundamental pursuits of SD can be seen as sustainable economic development. In this approach of SD, there are still oppositions and conflicts between sustain ability and development. And without solving those conflicts, it is difficult to achieve SD. To solve the conflicts between sustain ability and development, we have to abstain from man-oriented world views and pursue for respect, harmony and balance in nature-centered-values.