Earticle

In a resource constrained network such as Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN), efficient utilization of resources such as energy is important for optimum network performance. However, due to nodes mobility, frequency of encounters and message transmission, most of node’s energy in this type of network is continuously depleted. A node’s energy in DTN plays an important role in the success of delivering messages. The lower the energy a node has, the lower its chance to deliver messages across the network. Thus, a proper energy-efficient routing protocol should be selected for message transmission for DTN applications. This issue leads us to investigate on the energy consumption of nodes in DTN. We simulated and compared several existing routing protocols and assessed them in terms of average remaining energy and number of dead nodes. Our results show that significant characteristics of these routing protocols contribute to either consuming low or high energy in delivering messages under certain network settings.

In this paper, we propose a word recognition method for printed Arabic word images using HMM and Levenshtein Distance. The existing algorithm has the difficulty for Arabic text recognition to treat various fonts and sizes. This is because Arabic characters are cursive and each character may have up to four different shapes based on its location in a word. Our work begins with segmentation of a word into characters. Then each character is recognized individually using HMM classifier. Since the recognition of HMM is not accurate enough, we apply Levenshtein distance to correct misclassification and miss segmentation of a character in a word. Levenshtein distance works by comparing between recognized word and every words in a dictionary. We tested our proposed system with APTI dataset, and the achieved average recognition rates in more than 95% for six different fonts.

Project and process management is a challenging task and CMMI architecture can bring a scientific management to this task. Software systems are integrated to a wide extent. As the time passes it becomes important to maintain the software. Software organization coming up with more efficient technologies to improve the results upon their clients and stakeholders, CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is one of them. It is a promising way model for improvement and overall development of the software process. In this paper a systematic review has been done on how the CMMI can prove beneficial in software process improvement. The paper explores the software development and improvement process by CMMI.

The three-dimensional (3D) displays required the depth information which is unavailable in the conventional 2D content. This work describes a novel method that automatically converts 2D images into 3D ones. The proposed algorithm is composed of the estimation of depth levels by using modulation transfer function (MTF) squeeze model and determination of gradient map related to each depth level. The grouping is based on the pixels having similar colors and spatial locality. Based on a depth gradient map, a depth level is assigned. Next, the depth map is assigned by cooperating with a cross bilateral filter to diminish the blocky artifacts.

This paper presents an adaptive interpolation algorithm for effective picture format conversion, namely deinterlacing based on total edge directions estimation. The deinterlacing algorithms are generally made up of two parts, such as the estimation of edge directions and the interpolation of missing pixels along with the estimated direction. The proposed algorithm adopts and enhances the block-based search concept for estimation of edge directions, which is introduced in the direction-oriented interpolation (DOI) algorithm. In this paper the edge directions are estimated with the vertical angles as well as the horizontal angles in the DOI and then the missing pixels are interpolated by using median operation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can estimate edge directions and interpolate missing pixels more accurately compared with the conventional deinterlacing algorithms in terms of the objective performance measured in PSNR and the subjective visual quality.

Software development process is vulnerable to different risk factors. Several works were done in order to identify these factors and to introduce new ones. On the other hand, little research has been conducted around investigating the relationship between these risk factors. In this paper, a detailed set of software risk factors were examined. It was found that the relationship between these factors is a (cause- effect) relationship. As a result, a causality table and a cause-effect diagram are introduced to illustrate this causality relationship.

In our previous study on a Correlative Maturity between TMMi and TPI next [1], the correlation analysis method was a mapping with KPA on the empirical practice, but was insufficient to find how to deeply relate key elements between them. To solve this problem, we analyze correlations and intention across the measure items. With the analyzed results, we propose how to improve test process for test organization assessed with TMMi based on hybrid analysis in software engineering.

In this paper, we introduce an HTML5-based interactive and integrated e-book reader system, which supports hyperlink, user interaction, audio and video, animation, and 3D model view. The reader has been implemented as a hybrid application – web and wrapping Android application. For the web, we utilized HTML5 and CSS3 for page layout, JavaScript and jQuery for scripting and user interaction, and WebGL/Three.js libraries for 3D model view. Our work shows that the possibility of e-book viewer with rich interaction and rich multimedia features utilizing pure Web technologies, and some reasonable merits of this approach. HTML-5 based technologies have reasonable merits for e-book: ease of implementation, rich built-in features for multimedia and user interaction, a lot of existing libraries and tools, and many developers who are familiar to those technologies.

This research paper presents a study towards search-based information retrieval and fault prediction with distance functions. The objective of this research is to minimize software costs. Predict the error in software correctly and use the results in future estimation. Through this prediction technique, we have taken different software metrics as input and give output either the software is fault prone or not fault prone or shows any problem in software module in terms of number of errors. This paper presents a work in which we have extended our previous work [12]. In this paper, we discuss an application of Machine learning to error prediction. We have used five different similarity measures namely Euclidean method, Canberra method, Clark method, Exponential method and a Manhattan method to find the best method that increases accuracy. It is observed that the CBR method using the Exponential distance weighted function yielded the best error prediction. In this paper we have used the terms errors and faults, and no explicit distinction made between errors and faults. This software is compiled using Turbo C++ 3.0 and hence it is very compact and standalone, it can be readily deployed on any lower configuration system and it would not impact its performance, as it does not rely on external runtimes and DLL’s like the .NET programs rely on. The software is a console based application and thus does not use the GUI functions of the Operating System, which makes it very fast in execution. In order to obtain a result we have used indigenous tool.

With the proliferation of mobile devices and the development of cloud computing, mobile cloud services become potential, and it is expected to be a new growth power in the IT field. Since mobile devices have been developed to have a high speed and high capacity, it becomes more necessary to reuse resources of the high-performance mobile devices. In this paper, a method of reusing a mobile device resource in a mobile cloud is provided. A method according to an embodiment may be a method for using a mobile device resource of a mobile device resource provider in the mobile cloud. In this case, the mobile device resource includes content stored by the mobile device resource provider, a function provided to the mobile device resource provider, and an application installed to the mobile device resource provider. The method may include requesting use of at least one of the mobile device resources from the mobile device resource provider, and receiving the requested mobile device resource of the mobile device resource provider. In this case, when use of the content is requested, the requested content may be received through download or streaming, and when use of the function or the application is requested, a result of executing the function or the application may be received.

This paper presents three-step process for validating the software process assessment model and report the result of each step to check the validity of MND-ESPAM. MND-ESPAM is the software process assessment model invented for evaluating the software process capability of Korean military software organizations, but it is not sufficiently validated so that it cannot be decided to spread it into the military software industry. The three-step process suggested in this paper is composed of 1) the investigation of the state of the Korean military software companies via a questionnaire survey, 2) the software process assessment via a questionnaire survey based on MND-ESPAM, and 3) the experimental software process assessment by the CMMI appraisal team with MND-ESPAM. After the validation, we suggest important improvements of the MND-ESPAM assessment model.

This paper defines the various resources for developing software product line (SPL) and presents the resource versioning scheme for evolutionary SPL based system development and maintenance. For the resource versioning, we suggest the resource versioning identifiers and how to maintain the resources with the identifiers to keep consistency between software artifacts in the SPL and its derived products. In addition, the resource identifiers are simulated in the diverse SPL and product evolution scenarios. The approach has been applied to building the SPL based Home Service Robot system and its maintenance.

In this paper, we propose a hybrid system for contextual and semantic indexing of Arabic documents, bringing an improvement to classical models based on n-grams and the TFIDF model. This new approach takes into account the concept of the semantic vicinity of terms. We proceed in fact by the calculation of similarity between words using an hybridization of NGRAMs-TFIDF statistical measures and a kernel function in order to identify relevant descriptors. Terminological resources such as graphs and semantic dictionaries are integrated into the system to improve the indexing and the classification processes.

Since many existing systems have been still working even these system have several problems in extending or maintaining. This is big obstacle for company to adopt the product line engineering. Extractive approach can be alternative approach when the company has their own system and adopt product line engineering. In extractive approach, commonality and variability modeling is critical also. In this paper, we suggested feature identification techniques using user interface and scenario-based analysis based on goals. With user interface scenario we can identify the features and we can group the features and make the hierarchy among the features with goal-based analysis.

With traditional video live streaming technologies, the quality of the video degrades as more viewers tune in. Big viewers need a lot of bandwidth to support them. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm with which mobile user is both capable of broadcasting and watching live video at the same time. It is called MobileCast. MobileCast allows users broadcast their own video in real-time to neighbor mobiles based on peer-to-peer network using BitTorrent protocol technology. With MobileCast, the quality and reliability of the broadcast actually improves every time a new viewer joins, since every new viewer becomes a miniature broadcaster and amplifies the stream. The idea is to use some of the idle sending capacity at the end mobile users. When mobile user captures and sends video in real-time, the mobile device becomes a broadcaster then it can send this video for other mobile devices which again would forward the stream to other mobile, and so on.

Open Smart Platform (OSP) is a system on which any authorized person or organization can upload content and from which any authorized person can use any uploaded content. Therefore, OSP consists of many components including content registration system (CRS), user management system, content management system, content distribution system, billing system, and meta-data management system. This paper introduces our design of CRS. Our CRS allows a content provider to register his/her content via the web portal, editor, and API.

In software engineering, almost for the past three and a half decades, software measurements and metrics have been the subject of a variety of criticisms and many software metrics are proposed and given with inadequate methods for implementation and verification of results. All the engineering systems except software engineering have used the measure and measurement systems in day to day activities for the production of their product. In order to measure process efficiency and product effectiveness in software engineering, this research paper introduces the procedure based metrics system for software measurement and proposes complete and comprehensive object-oriented design metrics for measuring the quality of the design. The proposed set has been formulated drawing upon the more significant properties and attributes. The proposed six metrics set will be more comprehensive and complete than that of any one of the previous sets. The set of design quality attributes measured by the suite of metrics are functionality, understandability, effectiveness, flexibility, extendibility and reusability. The set of design properties measured using the metrics are encapsulation, inheritance, coupling, cohesion and complexity. Each proposed metric has a range of 0 to 1 and desired values for measuring the design and hence, this is result-oriented metrics. The computation formulae for design metrics have been proposed. The proposed metrics set and methodology is complete since it is a result based metrics set. When compared with previously defined metrics set, this metrics introduces improvements in methodology of execution and gives the solution for the usage of metrics in software engineering.

Recently, A significant portion of aircraft accidents occur during takeoff and landing, and leads to the most serious accidents. ASDE (Airport Surface Detection Equipment) related research is being conducted to ensure the safety of passengers and to support air traffic control services. A significant portion of aircraft accidents occur during takeoff and landing resulting in serious disasters. ASDE (Airport Surface Detection Equipment) research aims to find new techniques to avoid these accidents. This paper proposes an algorithm of conflict alert for landing aircraft to the air traffic control in ASDE data processing system. The proposed algorithm of ASDE prevents runway collision caused by runway incursions. The proposed algorithm is based on conflict alert to the air traffic control for intersecting runway in ASDE data processing system. The proposed algorithm of ASDE prevents aircraft collisions in case of takeoff and landing of aircraft on intersecting runways.

Several models have been created for Smart Grid resource-allocation problem. The principal purpose of the models is to connect power sources with appropriate sinks when considering the input parameters of power balance and consumption size, etc. Fuzzy logic is representative of these models. When creating the fuzzy model, the parameters and rule construction play the most significant role. For the fuzzy Logic model, the rule base has been constructed considering the operator’s general knowledge, the operator’s activity and the experience. However, the fuzzy model did not have any clear boundary for the price, power, and distance values, so the model output was largely dependent on the contributions from individual portions. This paper introduces an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) approach to the smart grid problem. Learning is another attribute that can be incorporated into the current model. ANFIS is one way that the current model can be extended to. In ANFIS, the learning is done with the incorporation of a neural network. The Fuzzy system is trained over time to become self-adaptive. Once the training is complete, the system is capable of making intelligent changes based on a neural network. As a result, ANFIS has a distinct boundary for each segment. Hence, a little change along the boundary value pushed the value into the next segment.

Discovering a required web service still looks like finding a needle in a haystack despite enhanced proposed web service discovery methods. These methods which are based generaly on information retrieval techniques (word sense disambiguation, stemming, etc.), domain knowledge, ontology, etc. are more complex in practice. This motivates us to propose a seamless approach to discover a more appropriate web service metting user's requirements and also to invoke it using a generated GUI. To expriment our approach, we have developped a Discovery and Visual Interactive Web Service Engine based on popularity. The aims of DIVISE framework is to help users to select the right service according to their requirements and to provide them with an adequate GUI generated automatically to invoke the selected service (simple, composed or semantic). The proposed WS selection is based on popularity concept.

Amid the emerging importance of electric power, the demand for ESS is on the rise. However, high price of ESS is a stumbling block in using ESS. Thus, this study suggests a mobile IT convergence technology that allows efficient use of ESS, and we have developed a system similar to the ESS for demonstration. This proposed system proves that voltage values of a plurality of lithium ion batteries can be monitored easily using a mobile device, which means that ESS can be efficiently used.

Basically, there are six types of warranty that can be offered either by manufacturer or dealers of a product or services which are basic warranty, extended warranty, warranty for used, repair limit warranty, service warranty and lifetime warranty. The different types of warranty policy have been established in order to fulfill the demand of manufacturers and the requirement of buyers so that a win-win situation could be acquired. However, when considering these warranty policies, an important concept to keep in mind is warranty reclaims. Warranty reclaims extend the scope of warranty activities beyond the walls of a single company to encompass suppliers, manufacturers, OEMs, distributors, dealers, repair centers, policy carriers, and customers. This paper presents a methodology to adapt historical maintenance warranty reclaims data with Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) approach. The main motivations for conducting this paper are simplicity and less computational mass of the ANFIS based on linear generating functions with regard to warranty reclaims prediction.

Mobile and Wireless Information Systems received considerable interest in research and development communities. As a result, significant advances were made, which will affect our life both as users and researchers of mobile and wireless technologies. Wireless technologies provide a new channel for implementation of mobile payments systems. In this paper, we discuss mobile wireless technologies characteristics which required to be used by mobile payment systems. A complete comparison between the commonly used technologies like: Bluetooth, Infrared data association (IrDA), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Near Field Communications (NFC) according to the most common factors which affect the quality of mobile payment systems is presented. In this paper evaluations of the advantages and issues involved with using these technologies are presented. We address wireless technologies characteristics, security and challenges.

The different types of warranty policy have been established in order to fulfill the demand of manufacturers and the requirement of buyers so that a win-win situation could be acquired. However, when considering these warranty policies, an important concept to keep in mind is warranty reclaims. Warranty reclaims extend the scope of warranty activities beyond the walls of a single company to encompass suppliers, manufacturers, OEMs, distributors, dealers, repair centers, policy carriers, and customers. The present work is designed for a novel method to solve the nonlinear warranty reclaims in the form of diffusion equations. The main motivation for this work is that the warranty reclaims can be represented as the diffusion equations, and the diffusion equation is a partial differential equation which describes density dynamics in a material undergoing diffusion. The diffusion equation is also used to describe processes exhibiting diffusive-like behavior such as warranty reclaims. The approximate solution of this problem is calculated in the form of finite differences with easily computable terms. To represent the capability and reliability of the method, some automobile warranty cases have been illustrated.

This paper is to evaluate radon concentrations emitted from Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) mortar with industrial material (Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, GBFS) by sensing technology for continuous monitoring of indoor air quality. Semiconductor detector was chosen to measure the radon concentrations for over 24h to study daily variation. The detector is a patented electronic detecting device using a diffused-junction photodiode sensor to measure the concentration of radon gas. Since the cement mortar has the most critical role in the radon release process relative to other concrete constituents, and their contribution is dominant in the overall radium content of mortar, tests were carried out on cement mortar specimens with different GBFS contents, 0-40% by weight of the binder. It is found that the dosage of GBFS in cement paste has an influence on radon exhalation rate. The radon of OPC-GBFS material mortar is higher than that of reference mortar.

The requirement of information security on network has become more and more important. Cryptography is a method to provide information confidentiality, authenticity and integrity. There are so many challenges to implement cryptography algorithm such as execution time, memory requirement, and computation power. Parallel computation is a promising technique to improve the performance of cryptography algorithm. Mainly divide-and-conquer strategy is used in parallel computation to solve the algorithms in parallel by partitioning and allocating, number of given subtask to available processing units. Parallel computation can be performed using multicore processors by parallelizing the execution of algorithm in multiple cores. In this paper we explore the implementation of AES (Advanced Encryption Algorithm) cryptography algorithm on dual core processor by using OpenMP API to reduce the execution time.

In this paper, the effectiveness of clandestine audio recording with respect to different placements of recording devices was evaluated through a simulation study. Audio samples from prospective placements and methods of clandestine audio recording were analyzed, and finally the optimal configuration was suggested in this paper based on waveform analysis. Existing methods of clandestine audio recording were first investigated and analyzed in order to identify their problems, and then to suggest an improved method to solve these problems. The result of this research shows that there is an optimal position of recording devices for clandestine audio recording and that we may use an improved recording method for better performance. The result can be applied to areas including the use of personal audio blackboxes for keeping records for legal disputes and the protection of national security from potential espionage.

Korean government has recently constructed the integrated database for disaster prevention under the participation of relevant agencies. But the government project has been delayed because local governments have not properly provided basic data necessary to construct the database. And to formulate an effective disaster prevention policy, it is necessary to analyze the acceptable level of disaster by region through the analysis of the association between the degree of disaster and the disaster prevention facility within the region. Finally, it is thought that it is possible to take the preventive measure for minimizing the damage resulting from natural disasters by providing disaster-related information for local residents on a real-time basis through the construction of the mobile system.