Earticle

The use of computer based election process becomes more effective to get the tally votes and also increase the numbers of voters. Different type of e-voting creates different type of vulnerabilities. But most discussed issues are privacy and security issues. This paper discusses the vulnerabilities in e-voting system. E-voting is an electronic election or voting system that has strong implications in the life of the country that implements them as classified in Safety Critical Systems. But there are some issues in e-voting system such as some vulnerability in this system that had been discuss by the previous authors. There are some proposed solutions provided by the previous author. In this paper some type of e-voting has been chosen as the scope of the study. This study will focus on the type of vuln

Finding a destination in an unfamiliar indoor environment requires cumbersome effort to refer to a physical floor plan or directory to locate the intended destination. With the advancements of mobile technologies, a navigational system using mobile computing devices such as mobile phone or tablet could aid users in locating the desired destination with ease. This paper presented an interactive virtual indoor navigation system which is developed for Sunway University campus. In order to provide an interactive and context-sensitive navigation platform, a hybrid solution has been proposed by blending the sensor capabilities on the mobile devices to work in an indoor environment. These sensors include utilizing the built-in accelerometer, compass and camera capabilities to create an interactive content of indoor navigation system using visual recognition and pedestrian dead reckoning for Augmented Reality (AR). Furthermore, user satisfaction

We present an unsharp masking technique which applies two parameters α and β. We assume an original image is considered to be blurred due to low pass filter such as average filter. A high pass filter is applied in that image and α and β parameter combination of low pass and high pass images concludes output image. Simulation results indicate that (α,β)=(1.0,1.2) provides the most appropriate parameter set with giving reliable performance. Experiments were completed on 18 images, and their corresponding subjective and objective performances are provided.

This research predicts the 12-month out-of-sample wholesale price of onion and cabbage by using price and inflow data of the Garak agricultural wholesale market from January 2004 to March 2014, and the yearly production data from Statistics Korea. The HW smoothing, ARIMA, VAR, X-12 ARIMA, and ARDL models are chosen for the analysis and their prediction power are compared. The HW smoothing, ARIMA and VAR models predicts the out-of-sample wholesale prices to range between 650 and 800 won. In the X-12 model, the wholesale prices are predicted to exceed 1000 won. For cabbage, the HW Smoothing, ARIMA, and VAR models predict the cabbage wholesale price to range between 450 and 490. The X-12 ARIMA model predicts the highest price to amount to 558 won. The ARDL model suggests that it is in September when the highest price is 780 won.

For the past decades and until now, association rule mining is one of the most prominent research topics in data mining. However, the main challenge among public or private practitioners is to find the interesting rule from data repository. As a result, many efforts have been put forward to explore this rule by applying several methods and interesting measures. Therefore, in this paper, we introduced an enhanced association rule mining method namely Significant Least Pattern Growth (SLP-Growth), where the algorithm embeds with two interesting measures called Critical Relative Support (CRS) and Correlation (Corr). The experiment uses the dataset that contains the records of preferred programs being selected by post-matriculation or post-STPM students of Malaysia via Electronic Management of Admission System (e-MAS) for the year 2008/2009. The experimental results show that the SLP-Algorithm with the embedded measures can successfully in categorizing the association rules. In addition, this information can be used by educators and higher university authority personnel in the university to understand the programs’ patterns being selected by the students. More importantly, it can assist them as a basis to offer more relevant programs to the potential students rather than by chance technique.

Digital paradigms became the lens from where we view the world. Now all of us pay attention to how does the digital paradigms shift affect the world around us. In turn, the ongoing introduction of new technologies and the increasing importance of computational thinking continue to reframe the debate on instructional practice, improvement and student learning in education. Literature instructors are also today being forced to think about 'how to teach', rather than 'what to teach'. Aware of the issues, this paper proposes a new instructional model using big data suitable to be used to teach literary history. Today's learners are different. They had grown up surrounded with an excess of technology and media use in everyday life. This paper provides them with opportunities to make literary studies more attractive and easier to understand. Through this, it attempts to explore theoretically educational methodology of studying literary history in order to encourage learners' meaningful participation in classroom.

This paper shows the analysis results of time offsets using P1, P2 and P3 code in GPS time transfer. The r2cggtts program has been used in GNSS Time Transfer and use the P3 ionosphere free combination of P1 and P2 code measurements. We modified the r2cggtts program in order to calculate and write all kinds of time offsets P3 as well as P1 and P2. The result of the modified r2cggtts program shows that time offsets using P1 and P2 are of wide distribution comparing to time offsets using P3. In order to Figure out the error factors for wide distributions of P1 and P2, we analyze and present the relation between the elevation angle and time offsets in this paper.

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard notation used to model user’s requirements for object oriented software systems. With the growing adoption of UML by software developers and researchers, studies have begun to investigate how it can be used to conduct testing. Several approaches of UML-based software testing have been proposed where test cases are derived from UML diagrams based on efficient algorithms. However, these approaches still suffer from three major limitations namely; inadequate test coverage criteria, insufficient diagrams coverages and incompatibility with various UML tools. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved approach for generating test cases from various UML diagrams based on full coverage criteria. To achieve this aim, a robust method for extracting artefacts from the underlying diagrams of the software under test (SUT) was developed, where the artefacts are represented in an intermediate form using a tree and test cases are generated by traversing the contents of the tree. The proposed approach is fully automated and the generated test cases satisfied the criteria defined for the generation process. The novelty of this approach is its systematic rather than ad hoc test case generation from UML diagrams to achieve high test coverage.

The AIS is an automatic tracking system used on ships and by vessel traffic services for identifying and locating vessels through electronically exchanging data with other nearby ships and VTS stations. Defining new application specific message has augmented the functionalities and informational content of AIS. This paper proposes RF monitoring service using AIS application specific message. The vessel, which has an AIS RF monitoring device, measures and monitors the sensitivity of the AIS signal transmitted from other nearby ships, AtoN devices and base stations. It can facilitate maintenance of the AIS devices and can also determine the AIS signal strength.

This paper proposes a new solar-powered streetlamp light control system that improves the efficiency of energy consumption of conventional solar-powered streetlamps. The proposed new solar-powered streetlamp light control system is efficiently recharged using the solar-power recharging controller, having the maximum power point tracking function and controls the lamp using the vehicle detection system data applying the audio recognition technology. The test result confirmed that the streetlamps were lighted in accordance with the detected vehicle data and that the performance was 25% higher than the conventional solar-powered recharging controller. The system is expected to help solve the problem of energy efficiency of conventional solar-powered streetlamp system, ensuring traffic safety, and preventing the risk of crimes when walking at nighttime.

In this work, we are going to survey the latest progress in Internet of Things (IoTs) and also design IoTs enable electronics design like frame buffer, content addressable memory, and key generator for encryption and decryption. We are analyzing future perspective, overall impact, and its role in every corner of life, characteristics features and current aspects of IoTs. Apart from this, we study how this concept came into existence and its emergence changes our lives. In this paper, we have also designed IoTs enable Frame Buffer on FPGA for Object Tracking, IoTs enable Content Addressable Memory for processor and IoTs enable Key Generator for Green Communication. In order to make IOTs enable design, we are embedding a 128-bit Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) address in each and every design that enables.

This study investigates changes in the relationship between product satisfaction and behavioral intention based on perceived value and risk over time in the context of smartphones, which is a typical product in the issue of smart devices these days. As the smartphone market is a typical product market that changes rapidly, changes in user needs appear largely over time, according to improving product performance and the turning of competitive environments. Therefore, a study of the contemporary time as a parameter in the smartphone market is assessed as offering very important implications. A study of Ha & Son [7] has confirmed change over time in the relationship between product usage satisfaction and loyalty intentions based on performance and financial risk. However, it has used a portion of risk factors and provider’s overall satisfaction, switching cost and stipulated time to moderate variables, so it is necessary to extend the study on relationships between generally perceived risk and value. Thus, this study focuses change overtime in the relationship, perceived value, perceived risk and time for satisfaction and behavioral intention, based on a traditional consumption-system approach by Mittal, Kumar and Tsiros [27]. The purpose of this study is to research changes of value and risk overtime that are inherent in the psychology of customers in mobile service, product and related industries as well as the smartphone market. Findings show that perceived value and risk have an influence on product satisfaction positively and negatively at time points T and T+1, and that product satisfaction has an effect on behavioral intention [10]. However, while perceived value affects behavioral intention directly, perceived risk does not. Carryover effects appear significantly for all variables, perceived value, perceived risk, product satisfaction and behavioral intention. In this study, through finding the changes in customer’s satisfaction and intention and the effect between earlier time and continuous time, it provides theoretical implications through the extending of previous research and managerial implications to change the perception of customers due to the time variable.

Images which are captured in outdoor scenes often degrade in quality due to atmospheric conditions induced by suspending particles like mist, haze, fog, etc. which scatter and absorb light before it reaches to the camera. The weather-degraded images directly affect the efficiency of computerized surveillance and monitoring system. In this paper, we propose an efficient haze removal technique which integrates dark channel prior with an ant colony optimization algorithm. Firstly, we use the dark channel prior method to compute dark channel in the hazy image and secondly, ant colony optimization algorithm is applied to make restoration factor for hazy images, adaptive between 0 to 1. The restoration factor in all the previous work is fixed value i.e. 0.1. Experimental-results show that proposed algorithm is effective, robust and is yielding high-contrast images.

This paper proposes a fuzzy logic control based dynamic channel allocation (DCA) to ECMA-368 based WiMedia UWB networks, which aims to support mixed high-quality video traffic and shipboard control data traffic with high reliability and priority as well. The DCA method applied in this paper is to flexibly vary the portions of time slots of either the prioritized contention access (PCA) or the distributed reservation protocol (DRP), according to traffic condition and priority. Furthermore, the proposed DCA with the fuzzy logic control algorithm can intelligently divide the portion of time slots and allocate channels to both PCA and DRP, resulting in support of both HD-video stream services and shipboard instrument control data. It is shown that the proposed fuzzy logic controlled DCA with WiMedia UWB MAC protocol can provide reliable mixed video and shipboard control data traffic as well, and it can provide better performance of the aggregated throughput than that of without fuzzy logic control algorithm.

A skyline of a n-dimensional data contains the data objects that are not dominated by any other data object on all dimensions. However, as the number of data dimensions increases the probability of domination points become very low, accordingly the number of points in the skyline becomes large. Also skyline search space has been identified as the key problem in real-time multidimensional databases. None of the traditional search techniques include the use of dimensionality reduction to optimize the search space. Skyline query computation on the server consecutively reduces the amount of data transferred between the server sites. Traditional static lower bound and upper bound probability computation will increase the number of non-dominance points. In this proposed work, an optimized skyline boundary detection algorithm is used to filter the skyline objects and pruning the local probability. Also, global probability computation was improved on the large skyline databases in order to minimize the search space and storage .The experimental results show that the efficiency of the proposed approach compared to traditional static skyline bound techniques in terms of time and search space are concerned.

Spatial analysis method is one of the most common methods. This research selects an appropriate interpolation method to generate the precipitation data for the grid of mostly urban area missing South Korean detailed precipitation data according to RCP 8.5 scenario provided by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and considers the applicability of 1km*1km grid precipitation date to the administrative district of Korea. To generate the precipitation data of missing area, ESRI ArcGIS was used, and an optimum interpolation method will be selected to generate the precipitation data for the missing areas according to the future climate change scenario, the used interpolation method includes Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method, Ordinary Kriging, Universal Kriging, and Spline methods. The most accurate value was found with the Ordinary Kriging in the calculation of suitable interpolation methods using the precipitation data of August, where the precipitation was the highest in the period of 2015 through 2019 with the RCP 8.5 scenario.

The automatic classification of urban sounds is important for environmental monitoring. In this work we employ SAX-based Multiresolution Motif Discovery to generate features for Urban Sound Classification. Our approach consists in the discovery of relevant frequent motifs in the audio signals and use the frequency of discovered motifs as characterizing attributes. We explore and evaluate different configurations of motif discovery for defining attributes. In the automatic classification step we use a decision tree based algorithm, random forests and SVM. Results obtained are compared with the ones using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) as features. MFCCs are commonly used in environmental sound analysis, as well as in other sound classification tasks. Experiments were performed on the Urban Sound dataset, which is publicly available. Our results indicate that we can separate difficult pairs of classes (where MFCC fails) using the motif approach for feature construction.

Forecasting ordering size and performance cost correctly in the ordering of IT service projects and the initial stage of performance is a very important factor not only to the ordering body but also the company who performs the project. Middle standing IT service companies receive/perform public IT service project, substituting large companies, after 2013 amendment of Software Industry Promotion Act. However, the business competence accumulated by middle standing IT service companies is relatively insufficient in project management ability compared with large companies, and the style that project companies bear all risks of the project, such as Turn-key order in the market focused on large companies in the past, has great risk to the ordering body, project company, and service beneficiaries in quality, costs, profit and delivery date. Currently, the market centered on middle standing IT service companies deteriorates the profitability of interested parties, which makes IT service ecosystem as an element of cost increase due to reduction of ordering size, low earnings yield, and increase of management expenses. Therefore, there is necessity that the cost calculation and order style structure for IT services, in which project companies should bear all the risk of project performance, should be improved. This treatise is going to analyze the IT service market ecosystem and agreement, project performance style upon current IT service project cost calculation method based on SW lifespan process and suggest improvement methods.

An XG-PON (10-Gbps-capable passive optical network) system is comprised of an OLT (optical line termination) and multiple ONUs (optical network units). In general, ONUs report their requests to the OLT and then the OLT performs a dynamic bandwidth allocation operation to allocate non-overlapping transmission slots to ONUs. In this paper, we consider an XG-PON system that ONUs do not report their requests to. The OLT estimates the ONU status by monitoring the upstream bandwidth usage of the ONU. We propose a dynamic bandwidth allocation method for the XG-PON system in which ONUs do not report their reports. The proposed method allocates a bandwidth to an ONU only if the ONU has fully used its upstream slot. Also, the proposed method periodically allocates a probe bandwidth to an ONU to prevent service starvation. Using simulation, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method under balanced and unbalanced traffic.

The core of the versioning is change management. Versioning is related to the creation and management of the software changes for the traceability of number of releases of software, all of which has the same general function but is enhanced or tailored. Version control gives you the option to expand your project in the future and engage in possible collaborations with others. Even after the software is delivered it is required for every successful software system continues to be improved and adapted over time to meet the changing needs of the market. In this paper the Markov model is then proposed, and market share of software according to optimal release version analysis for n versions is studied.

The single most important concept to master when designing mobile device interfaces is "context". The context in which an application is used and the context of how information is input are both key issues; each must be understood before a well-crafted design may be implemented. When these two notions of context are explored, it becomes clear that designing for a mobile device can lead to a solution that is worlds different than its desktop equivalent. In this paper, we developed a graphical user interface of mobile application to control a digital audio system remotely. Most significantly, this remote control mobile application for the control of digital audio must be able to control many channels simultaneously. The number of input channels is 4 and the number of output is 8. Also, it has a lot of graphical components and has many kinds of components that are controlled by the mobile application. It creates an experience especially for many users of digital audio, allowing the user to interact with the software for digital audio operation in a natural and intuitive way. As a result, we implemented the mobile application interface of digital audio to provide a user-friendly experience. An efficient memory management is also necessary in order to execute the operation for the remote control and hard cording is needed on the mobile application. To solve that problem, a GridLayout was used. As a result, the screen size is not problem in operating the mobile application on android.

Testing requirements in the earlier stages of system design is a necessary step in system development. Mobile TV system has been in the spotlight due to widespread use of smart devices. Nowadays, most people in public transportation watch TV programs on their smartphones. However, this activity consumes a lot of smartphone battery power. The solution to this problem can be a cloud-based mobile TV system, which transfers the energy consuming processes to cloud and enables a prolonged, quality user experience enriched by social interaction. CPN tools provide an environment in which we can efficiently edit and simulate time colored Petri nets. This paper builds a Petri net model with CPN tools in order to evaluate the efficiency of the cloud-based mobile TV system. Since Petri net can become too big to handle when dealing with a complex system, we built a hierarchical colored Petri net. Furthermore, to investigate the response time of the system we built a timed Petri net. The introduced Petri net will help software developers to test the requirements of their cloud-based mobile TV systems.