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The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of case briefing and the Socratic method as useful apparatus for activating debates in the flipped learning of English subjects. Various learning methodologies have appeared from industrial age to the information age and knowledge based society, and they have changed according to the trend of the times. As one of these learning methodologies, flipped learning appeared based on blended learning. It reverses the traditional learning methodology. It has the paradigm of studying new learning materials online at home and performing various activities such as review, exercise, discussion, debates and assessments, etc. offline in the classroom. English subjects are regarded as suitable for flipped learning because reading and listening can be designed to be performed online as activities of information input, and writing and speaking can be designed to be performed offline as activities of information output. Among the various activities performed in the offline space which are procured by the flipped learning methodology, debates are one of the most effective activities. Debates promote mutual understanding between instructors and learners by their joint participation in debates, facilitate the study of what they have learned and propose solutions in discourses. The methods for activating debates suggested in this article are case briefing and the Socratic method. Applying them in English subjects, case briefing takes the central place in understanding English discourses, and the Socratic method can be utilized for solving problems based on the understanding of discourses.

With the broader application of 5-day work week scheme and expanding wellbeing trend of South Korea, increasing number of people are looking for tourism leisure activities. And the demand for tourism information has surged as well. In this situation, the internet, SNS, broadcasting and many other medial channels have been providing exponentially growing number of tourism information. In this study, smart tourism information system was produced by applying the location-based service (LBS) to provide customized information in line with user characteristics and push function on open platform with a view to activate information, culture and transactional exchanges between local entities and tourists. The system proposed herein enabled tourists to gain the information on their surroundings through a smart phone in major tour destinations and local commercial districts. The system provided more sophisticated customized smart tourism guide service via hybrid BLS method combining GPS location determination method and beacon-using micro location determination method. With the application of IoT technologies, tourism and culture contents have become utilized to the maximum extent, enabling smart tourism service. And with smart devices, tourists are expected gain great help in searching information or making decisions on destination and surrounding places, etc.

Test case prioritization is basically the process of prioritizing the execution order of test cases in order to increase the fault detection rate. If fault detection rate is being gradually improved during regression testing then it will provide faster feedback to system developers which ultimately deliver the software earlier. Many of the existing test case prioritization techniques illustrated that test cases can be executed in any order but the concept of functional dependency plays an important role between test cases. In this paper we have described about testing, its types, test case prioritization and its techniques. Regression testing is normally being used to retest the component of a system that verifies that defects are removed or not from the effected part of the software after modifications. This paper enhances the hill climbing approach for test case prioritization by using functional dependency technique. This prioritization approach schedules test cases based upon functional dependency technique .Our approach is quiet efficient as compare to any other technique. Regression testing is quite popular as it helps to make the system error free after modifications.

To Software product line (SPL) engineering process be efficient, integrated environment supporting SPL is necessary. So far, domain engineering process supporting tools or specific purpose tools such as variability management, feature modeling have been suggested. In this paper, we suggested SW Visualization tools as application engineering supporting tools and VULCAN workbench as domain engineering supporting tools. And we suggested integration mechanism between well-defined open source software tools.

This paper proposes a flexible translation-based knowledge graph embedding that learns unobserved entities by moving positions of embedding vectors from existed embedding space. To reflect unobserved entities, previous methods tend to learn knowledge graphs all over again. This process causes high cost of calculation. Thus, this paper introduces an adjusting method which moves positions of learned embedding vectors according to unobserved entity. This idea is based on TransE model that is a one of translation-based methods. According to experiments, the proposed method shows the plausibility at link prediction task and triple classification task. These experimental results prove that reducing learning cost is a crucial issue for embedding knowledge graphs.

One of the most important and effort intensive activity of the entire software development process is software testing. The effort involved chiefly increases because of the need to obtain optimal test data out of the entire search space of the problem under testing. Software test data generation is one area that has seen tremendous research in terms of automation and optimization. Generating or identifying an optimal test set that satisfies a more robust adequacy criteria, like data flow testing, is still a challenging task. A number of heuristic and meta-heuristics like genetic algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been applied to optimize the test data generation problem. GA, although more popular, has its own difficulties such as complex to implement and slow convergence rate. In this paper an Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithm is applied to generate test data for data-flow dependencies of a program guided by a novel fitness function. Adaptive PSO is used because of its capability of balancing in exploration and exploitation. A new fitness function is designed based on the concepts of dominance relations, weighted branch distance for APSO to guide the search direction. A set of benchmark programs and four modules of Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology (KIET), Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system were taken for the experimental analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed adaptive PSO based approach performed significantly better than random search, Genetic Algorithm and PSO in enhancing the convergence speed.

Researchers do not effectively manage and verify artifacts produced during software R&D projects. And testing software development artifacts cannot test the whole software R&D project. It is necessary to perform continuous and detailed verification of artifacts produced in each phase during software R&D project. Thus, a framework is required to test software and verify documents generated during software R&D project. In this paper, we present requirements of test framework to verify software R&D projects. The requirements are represented with scenarios and use cases for the framework. We show effectiveness of our approach by presenting a part of prototype in case study.

In recent years, the security in Wireless sensor networks becomes a good topic for researchers; it is a challenge task due to inheritance limitations of sensors. Besides, security becomes extremely crucial factor when sensor networks are randomly deployed in a hostile environment. Routing in WSNs is the vital functionality that allows the flow of information generated by sensor nodes to the base station, while considering the severe energy constraint and the limitations of computational and storage resources. However, security of these routing protocols has fallen beyond the scope so far. As sensor nodes may be easily captured and compromised, the classical cryptographic solutions become insufficient to provide optimal routing security, especially, for hierarchical WSNs, where cluster heads can be still among the compromised nodes. In this work, we focus at secure hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networks and represent selected approaches which focusing at this matter. The purpose of this paper is to create a simulation of these protocols using NS2. Then, we analyze to what extend they have been applied to the clustering structure and compare them in terms of security, security issues for WSNs and their solutions are also discussed.

The effectiveness and attractiveness of online learning have proved by many researcher. The flexibility and convenience are typical benefits of online learning. With these benefits of online learning, a great deal of learning occurs in the online setting. Nowadays, universities have been offering many online classes. Particularly, universities are asking professors to re-design existing face-to-face courses into online courses to meet students’ growing demands for online course. However, several challenges of online learning also have identified. The lower interactions between a teacher and a student, and a student and a student than face-to-face learning is one of the challenges. Additionally, several research found that teaching and assessment techniques and method that served well in the traditional classroom don’t work quite well in online course. In online learning, a lot of features related to teaching and learning have changed. With these challenges, professors who have taught face-to-face course are having difficulty converting existing face-to-face course into online course. Thus, it is important to investigate how to design an effective online course to support professors’ online course design. In this study, we analyzed the design process of converting face-to-face course to online course. We collected three converting cases and analyzed those cases with activity system analysis method. As a result, we found design challenges related to converting existing course to online course and professors’ and university’s practical difficulties in online course development. This result of this study will help professors, instructional designers, and universities to design and develop successful online course.

This paper presents a new nonlinear approximate indexing method for high-dimensional data such as multimedia data. The new indexing method is designed for approximate similarity searches and all the work is performed in the transformed Gaussian space. In this indexing method, we first map the input space into a feature space via the Gaussian mapping, and then compute the top eigenvectors in the Gaussian space to capture the cluster structure based on the eigenvectors. We describe each cluster with a minimal hypersphere containing all objects in the cluster, derive the similarity measure for each cluster individually and construct a bitmap index for each cluster. Finally we transform the nearest neighbor query into the hyper-rectangular range query and search the clusters near the query point. The experimental results for our new indexing method show considerable effectiveness and efficiency.

Palmprint recognition system has been one promising biometric system used in Presence System. There are some methods to recognize the individual palmprint as well as to extract its feature. In this research, two recognition methods are compared, i.e., backpropagation neural network and similarity measure using Euclidean distance. While, for feature extraction, we implemented Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method. From the research, it can be concluded that from test results, the best recognition using backpropogation neural networks is 93.33% which is reached when parameters used are: 100 principal components, 1 hidden layer, and 75 neurons. While, implementation of similarity measure using Euclidean distance, the best recognition rate is 96.67% which is reached when 75 principal components are used. When considering the time consumed in recognition, the Euclidean distance gives the better result, i.e. 17.09 seconds, while using backpropagation neural network with 75 neurons, time consumed is 425 seconds. Therefore, from this research, recognition implementation combining both PCA and Euclidean distance are more suggested rather than using combination of PCA and backpropagation neural network.

Many people are using laser scanner for gathering data in relation to indoor space. Laser scanner is able to reduce the required amount of time and labor while generating high-density point cloud. Hence, it is increasingly used in various applications, including construction of indoor three-dimensional model, measurement of inner structure deformation and maintenance and management of deformation of buildings. The purpose of this study was to generate point cloud data of a cave by making use of the mobile handheld scanner created based on SLAM technology. Moreover, this study aimed to produce a cross-section of the cave with this mobile handheld scanner in order to prove its applicability. As a result, the geospatial information about 2km long cave could be constructed effectively with 30-minute data acquisition. Moreover, the cross-section of the cave was generated for proving the effectiveness of this mobile scanner. It would be possible to monitor the changes inside the cave with a periodic data acquisition. Also, the data acquired through mobile scanning would be of great help in constructing geospatial information.

Most information in Web 2.0 is made by users and classified by tags assigned by users. Tag-related services and research are focused on work such as automatic tagging and tag-cloud composition; however, classifying media resources and information according to tags and providing the results to users is not still up to the mark. In this paper, image resources and their tag information scattered in the web are collected and a tag-pair weight matrix is created, according to the relations and semantic similarities between tags. To overcome the problems of the existing system, a tag-pair weight matrix-based tag clustering (TBTC) algorithm was proposed to find highly related tags. The threshold used for clustering in this algorithm was studied, and an optimal threshold with high cluster cohesion was determined. Finally, as an experiment, 500 images with the keyword 'tomato' were searched from the Flickr website and highly related tags were derived from the proposed algorithm. The results of this research were examined and compared with the results of existing studies. It was found that the proposed research showed more advanced accuracy and precision than earlier methods.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hand washing education program on knowledge, attitude and performance of hand washing in pre-practicum nursing students. The study used a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental pre-post test design. A total of 50 nursing students participated in this study. The experimental group was given lecture and practice, hand washing education program, developed by researcher. The control group was given textbook about hand washing developed by researcher. Data were analysed using, ratio, Chi-square, and t-test using the SPSS/Win 21.0 software package. The results of this study ware as follows: After the intervention the experimental group showed significant increases in the attitude and performance of hand washing. In conclusion, it was shown that the hand washing education program had significant impact on attitude and performance of hand washing to the nursing students. It is necessary for continuous education to improve the knowledge, attitude and performance of hand washing on nursing students.

To control the data from many sensors, ‘Autonomic Control System’ is an issue because it has occurred to apply ICT to various domains and it is difficult for human to deal with all information. To ensure the reliability of the ‘Autonomic Control System’, to increase the ‘Fault Detection Rate’ for detecting fault, existing studies suggest a way to connect the ‘Autonomic Control System’ with the ‘Goal Model’. However, evaluation of the ‘Goal Model’ is currently insufficient. Thus, this paper presents a ‘Method for Evaluating the Goal Model based on the Goal Achievement Rate’, which comprises 4 steps: ‘Goal Interpretation’, ‘Goal Modeling’, ‘Monitoring and Evaluation’, ‘Reporting’. Through these steps, it is possible to ensure the reliability of the system. As case study, we apply ‘Goal Model’ to a ‘Smart IoT Kit’, which integrates multiple sensors. The experimental results show the proposed methodology validity.

Software cost estimation is the important activity while the development of the software. Expenditure assessment is bit complex task as it can be affected by many factors. This factors aids in the calculating of maintenance cost of software. In this paper we have implemented the function point analysis and test point analysis in order to discover the maintenance cost. This is accomplished by using the various techniques to calculate the function point analysis and test point analysis. Along with the calculation of maintenance cost we have also presented the module to assess the reliability of the software from the context of white box testing. Software reliability growth models are aids to evaluate the reliability of the software. This paper presented the analysis of code based SRGM to estimate the reliability.

This study aimed to investigate subjectivity of prospective nursing graduates about the departments where they wish to work, and describe characteristics of each type and categorize them using Q-methodology. Thirty prospective nursing graduates were asked to categorize 53 statements describing the clinical departments where they wish to work after graduation. The collected data were analyzed using a QUANL PC Program. As a result of this study, the perception by hospital employees of a medical institution certification system was categorized into four factors and eight types. The types of subjectivity about clinical departments where prospective nursing graduates wish to work include ‘departments prioritizing collaboration and respect’, ‘departments prioritizing sociality enhancement’, ‘departments prioritizing confidence enhancement’, ‘departments prioritizing good interpersonal relationships’, ‘departments prioritizing effective communication’, ‘departments prioritizing task acquisition’, ‘departments prioritizing self-development’, and ‘departments prioritizing vulnerable social groups’. This study has provided basic data useful planning personalized interventions for future clinical adaptation in hospitals.

In this work we propose a development methodology aiming to bridge the gap between approaches used by (e)-science communities to develop their modeling frameworks, and model driven engineering approaches used to develop modeling frameworks with similar complexity. The proposed methodology relies on a sound integration of UML-MARTE, CSP-OZ, and PyCSP. We show, in this paper, how to exploit this similarity to bridge the gap between both approaches. A first contribution of this paper consists in proposing a sound software development methodology for the construction of critical reactive systems in general and multi-scale simulation frameworks in particular. A second contribution consists in adding a new sub-profile for MARTE, the so-called SSRM (Specific Software Resource Model), dedicated to the modeling of multi-scale simulation frameworks. MUSCLE [9], a recent distributed multi-scale simulation framework, serves as a case study in this work. The proposed SSRM sub-profile is intended to define specific software resources that capture a subset of MUSCLE core concepts. A third contribution consists in sketching a formal semantic framework for our software development methodology aiming at ensuring a sound integration (from a semantic point of view) of UML-MARTE, CSP-OZ and PyCSP.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influences of literacy education for early childhood educators on the emotional intelligence of children. For the study, a survey was conducted against 217 research targets in daycare centers and kindergartens in Ulsan Metropolitan City from the 20th of October 2015 to the 20th of January 2016. SPSS program was used to conduct frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results of analysis were as follows. First, it was revealed that the demographical characteristics of early childhood educators significantly changes their literacy education ability and the level of emotional intelligence of children. Secondly, from the analysis on the literacy education ability of early childhood educators, the materials for literacy education was found to be resulting in high level of self-awareness in children’s emotional intelligence. Third, the analysis revealed that the emotional intelligence of children and the literacy education ability of early childhood educators have significant positive correlation. Such results imply that the literacy education of early childhood educators has significant influence on the emotional intelligence of children. The implication of this study is that it serves as preliminary document for the enhancement of educations for the early childhood educators on the improvement of the level of emotional intelligence of children.

Studies on the testing techniques required during process of black box testing in embedded system have been increasing tremendously. This paper suggests test model and test case generation method for model based testing of embedded system. Considering the complicated internal architecture and real-time characteristics of embedded system, test cases are generated by using the state based behavior modeling method. The proposed state transition model based test case generation method suggests systematic procedures ranged from the use case specification to the test case generation. Entire procedure of test case generation in MP3 player case which uses the suggested method is presented in this paper. With the created test cases, the interaction among the components of embedded system can be easily figured out, thereby helping easy error detection. Moreover, the test cases applied with characteristics and constraints of embedded system could be achieved by modeling system behavior using SysML.

Service-oriented computing has been receiving significant importance in recent years. The main aim of service oriented development paradigm is to provide better alignment between business requirements and IT solutions. Despite several benefits, Service Oriented Architecture is facing a number of challenges i.e., Knowledge management, Semantic gaps between requirements etc.In Service Oriented Architecture, Requirements Engineering (RE) is one of the most significant activities for software development but still there are some challenges i.e., traditional requirement issues, user involvement, change in requirements, lack of domain knowledge etc. The aim of our work is to provide a mechanism which address the issue of traditional requirement engineering in service oriented architecture e.g., ambiguity, inconsistency and incorrectness of requirements, that are major causes of failure of projects. Ontology has been adopted as a solution for the improvement of requirement specification. In our thesis, we will provide ontology based solution for alignment of services and requirements.

People tend to argue about the existing mobile first as to not contributing a lot in social commerce. Whether it needs a high-level maintenance or simply the GUI is not as user-friendly as we think it is when viewed through a desktop. Most of our agriculturist refuses to sell their goods online since there are certain factors like agricultural products are prone to urgency when it comes to expiration date than those we usually see stuff advertised online. Discussing the disadvantages like trust issues (since this is the most vital relationship in business), and how much money spent in pursuing a responsive mobile first in agricultural social commerce. One should consider that advantages of technology that runs the internet continually improves, decreases in price, and becomes more accessible as technology progresses. The need for mobile first strategies has been acknowledged by many; however, they haven’t adopted yet this strategy in the agricultural sector. Designing for mobile first not only prepares our agriculturist with a lot of growth and opportunities, but it forces them to be more innovate and productive. This research will help agriculturist understand the power of social commerce and the contribution of mobile first to increase their sales and trades online.

Cloud computing is a very powerful concept that can be used to enhance the next generation data center and allow service provider to use data center capability provided by cloud and develop the application based on user requirement. This work aims to develop an android based web application namely Cloud based Virtual Reporting Application (VRA) wherein the database is stored on the cloud which resembles large storage facility. VRA is basically an android application which can be used by managers of the organization to monitor their employees. It is one kind of employee monitoring application where the manager can monitor the location of the employee and keep track of the his location whether the employee has done the allocated work or not. The app makes use of GPS technology available in the mobile phone to monitor the location. In addition to this, OPENCV library is used for face recognition to verify the authentication of the employee.

The purpose of this article is to examine the structural relationships among teacher creativity, teaching expertise and creative teaching behaviors. Survey data were analyzed for 304 pre-service elementary teachers in Korea. The findings showed that teacher creativity and teaching expertise had a meaningful impact on creative teaching behaviors. Also, teaching expertise had a greater influence on creative teaching behaviors than teacher creativity. In addition, teacher creativity and teaching expertise had a significant effect on creative teaching behaviors regardless of gender and grade. It is important to note that, in order to improve creative teaching behaviors, the curriculum for pre-service teachers should focus on the development of pre-service teachers’ own creativity and teaching expertise. This study also verified that the curriculum to improve creative teaching behaviors does not need to consider gender and grade differences. In a follow-up study, the effect that other variables had on creative teaching behaviors needs to be investigated through structure equation analysis and multi-group analysis. Moreover, the question of whether the structural model among the variances for in-service teachers is the same as that for pre-service teachers needs to be explored.

This study focused on most existing researches related to eco-friendly agricultural goods are subject to offline stores, but the area is to be widened to the internet shopping mall environment in this study. Also, the influence of e-servicescape and consumption propensity of customers using eco-friendly agricultural specialized internet shopping malls on emotional response and behavior intention of customers is to investigated. Based on this, the influence of consumption emotion, which was selected as a parameter, on mind share required to improve competitiveness of eco-friendly agricultural specialized internet shopping malls is to be revealed. As result of analysis in this study, it could be known that e-servicescape and consumption propensity both have positive influence on continuous use intention. Also, it was found that consumption emotion also has positive influence on continuous use intention. This means that consumers can increase continuous use intention through e-servicescape and consumption propensity of eco-friendly agricultural goods are subject to offline stores and can increase continuous use intention through the consumption emotion that is felt in consumer experience. Especially, regarding on which factor between e-servicescape and consumption propensity has more influence, only e-servicescape and consumption propensity showed influence on continuous use intention as result of inserting consumption propensity, e-servicescape, consumption propensity, and consumption emotion. As result of analyzing mediation effect, it could be known that consumption emotion is a more significant factor than consumption propensity from the result that consumption emotion partially mediates between consumption propensity and continuous use intention. However, mediation effect of consumption emotion between e-servicescape and continuous use intention was shown in which it could be known that e-servicescape was the most important factor. Therefore, it is considered that the eco-environment agricultural product market can create situations more developed than specialized internet shopping malls if eco-environment agricultural product specialized internet shopping malls are constructed and operated based on these research results in which it can be said in this part that this research provides theoretical∙ practical implications.

This study shows providing pre-service teachers with training and a checklist for designing performance assessments improves both the internal validity and external validity of the performance assessment. In addition, the higher the year of the pre-service teacher, the greater the content validity of the performance assessment when provided a checklist for performance assessment design.

This paper aims to analyze the factors of residential satisfaction of newly designed high-tech medical complex dwellers of Osong and Daegu, with sixty-one variables grouped into seven components – transportation, public support service, educational environment, welfare services, cultural facilities, social environment, neighborhood city. This study compares the confirmatory factors in Osong and Sinseo and Cronbach’s alpha used to determine the reliability of internal consistency. Findings from the study indicate that the employees consider the quality of local welfare service first for their settlement, followed by educational environment, cultural facilities, and social environment. In gen-eral, the marital status affects the component of factors of settlement consideration. The comparison study of marital status suggested that, although High-tech medical complex has built for the special purpose of particular industry focused development, the potential resident of city choose their settlement with the general component of educational schools, welfare and cultural facilities and social environment. Further research on High-tech industrial district development in Korea should process residential satisfaction for em-ployees in its certain industrial circumstances as residents’ opinions about their neigh-borhood offer important insights.

Use case based Software testing concerned with testing an entire system’s functionality and its constraints. User’s requirements can be drawn in form of use cases to show the internal and external behaviour of a system. The use case has been used to test software system for different levels as well as through many ways according to nature of software. Rather than proposing a new technique, it is necessary to synthesize the existing techniques of Use case based software testing which is available in the literature. A Systematic Literature Review has been performed to investigate all the current approaches of Use case based software testing techniques. A question-wise analysis has also been presented for the researchers to investigate the effectiveness of these techniques. In results, we have discussed all the existing approaches of Use case based software testing along with its strengths & weaknesses and measure the characteristics of these approaches based on some key parameters. We have concluded the current state of the art of all the existing approaches of Use case based testing. Results are based on both types of analysis; Qualitative as well as Quantitative.

This study aims to show the problems of Korean and Chinese SMEs business performance and suggest ways for improvement by presenting actual conditions of Korean and Chinese SMEs business performance using the Importance Performance Analysis. SMEs business performance has becomes deeply related to globalization, As external markets continue to open, it is important to strengthen firm competitiveness. Therefore, it is necessary for the industry to find strategies to invigorate the industry and strengthen international competitiveness. Especially for Korean and Chinese SMEs, providing more efficient business performance than other countries is necessary in order to improve international competitiveness. This study investigates nine variables developed by Hermann Simon[1]. The nine variables are ambitious goals, specialization, globalization, close customer, relations, continuous innovation, competitive advantage, trust my own ability, motivated employee, and strong leadership. This paper identified the current status and problems of SMEs in Korea and China and suggested improvement points to achieve competitiveness of SMEs in both countries and provided opportunities to investors of both countries to understand SME entrepreneurship by comparing the current status and problems of Korea and China’s SME business operations. Previous studies that used IPA analysis were limited to service quality, while this study suggested the concerns of business operations in terms of entrepreneurship. This study also identified the management philosophy of Korean and Chinese small and middle business entrepreneurs and provides basic information to inspire a new business mindset by comparing internal and external business environments of both countries.

Although internal marketing and market orientation are critical requisites for business success, few studies have been done to examine the relationship between internal marketing and market orientation of small and medium manufacturers (SMMs).This paper aims to investigate the effects of internal marketing and market orientation on corporate image and organizational performance of organizational innovation of SMMs in South Korea. The measures of this study were developed and tested on 221 CEOs of Gyeongnam province in South Korea with a questionnaire survey. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis was used to assess the measurement model and hypotheses with AMOS 18.0. The study revealed that in small and medium manufacturers, internal marketing positively affects market orientation and indirectly affects corporate image and organizational performance. Market orientation positively affects corporate image and organizational performance. Therefore, CEOs should make efforts to satisfying and motivating their employees based on internal marketing in order to attain the high level of organizational performance.