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This is a descriptive research to identify the factors affecting the adversity experienced by nurses and office workers. The research was conducted among 270 nurses at a general hospital and 192 office workers in the metropolitan area, and the collected data were analyzed using an SPSS 20.0 program. Statistically significant differences were found in emotional intelligence and the adversity quotient between nurses and office workers. Nurses had both variables at lower levels compared to office workers. Statistically significant correlation was found between the adversity quotient and emotional intelligence in each group. In each group, emotional intelligence significantly affected statistically the adversity quotient. It accounted for 19.0% for nurses and 26.0% for office workers. On the basis of these results, it is necessary to develop and employ a program to improve emotional intelligence, which was found to affect the level of adversity quotient, and develop an intervention strategy to raise the adversity quotient, particularly a customized intervention strategy for nurses who had emotional intelligence and adversity quotient at lower levels compared to office workers. The objective is to help them cope efficiently with their changing job environment and to improve the quality of each work service, the nurses’ and office workers’ job satisfaction, and their quality of life.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most commonly used bio-medical signal for diagnostic purpose. It can be used to diagnose heart disease, identify cardiac arrhythmias, and evaluate effect of drugs. Earlier the ECG systems were designed to be used in hospitals and clinics, but now there is an increased demand for the ECG machines that can be used as a lifestyle product for routine health monitoring. For example, we already have systems that are being used in homes for blood pressure and glucose level measurement. Therefore, user- friendly, affordable and portable ECG system that can be managed by the user is a great research area. The size, cost, performance, recording time & energy efficiency of medical equipment design has undergone a great transition along with a timeline. With the advancement in low power embedded hardware technology & Signal processing platforms, more efficient ECG system designs have started to emerge. This paper presents a review of the resent work on the design of portable & low power ECG systems. Further inspired by some of the related work [3-6], this paper also presents to design & development of a wearable & ultra-low power ECG data acquisition system using MSP430 microcontroller. The power consumption of the given design is then compared with other designs discussed in the literature review. The comparison shows that our design consumes the lowest power among these.

Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most frequently occurring community- and hospi-tal-associated pathogens. Infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus are in various forms, ranging from mild skin infection, endocarditis, to fulminant septicemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage rates among nursing students. The relevant data were collected using a questionnaire, and microbial samples were collected from the nasal cavities of 215 nursing students. From the collected specimens, strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests. Of 215 students, 62 (28.8%) were nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus, and three students (1.4%) were nasal carriers of MRSA. None of the three students with MRSA had any history of hospitalization over the past 12 months and had not provided nursing care for MRSA patients. However, two students among these three had received antibiotics. All MRSA isolated from these three students were mupirocin-sensitive. According to the results, the rates of MRSA nasal carriage among the nursing students were lower than those of patients or other healthcare workers. Thus, routine screening for nasal MRSA culturing is not recommended in students who practice in the clinic. However, students should be educated about infection control in order to prevent practice-related MRSA nasal.

This study figured out oral status of the elderly dwelling on a facility and in owner-occupation, and carried out to supply basic data for promotion of oral health for those who dwell on facilities. Study target were 259; 131 of convalescent hospital, and 128 of owner-occupation in Daegu. It showed the difference of general characteristic and health behavior variables by dwelling forms, and statistically significant levels as to the number of survival teeth (p< 0.05).

Communication is a key factor in a developing society. It is usually carried out by using signals that come from the brain, and then produced as sounds in the Place of Articulation. An alternative to this type of communication is subvocal speech or “subvocalization”, which consists in the acquisition of the signals produced in the cerebral cortex and their analysis before the voice production process in the Place of Articulation is made. This paper proposes a prototype system for acquisition of the signals produced in the Place of Articulation; by using a Data Acquisition System (DAS) and MATLAB® as a tool for comparing the obtained results.

The purpose of this study was to exam effects of Standardized Diabetes Education for clinical nurses on the level of diabetes knowledge, the level of persuasion of knowledge and the level of practical application of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus. This study was a one group quasi-experimental study. Study participants were 115 clinical nurses who 3 general hospitals in Korea from August 3 to September 30, 2013. Data were collected using structured questionnaires including the Knowledge on the DM and NPQ tool by Brett. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's α, means, standard deviations, and t-test with the SPSS windows 19.0 program. The result of implementing the standardized education of diabetes showed that the level of diabetes knowledge (t=2.19, p=.032) was significantly increased. And the level of practical application of diabetes knowledge (t=2.98, p=.004) based on the standardized education of diabetes showed a statistically significant difference between before education and after education

Effect of couple stress fluid flow on magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic blood flow with porous medium trough inclined channel in the presence of slip effect-Blood flow study have been studied under the assumption of long wavelength approximations. The expressions of the axial velocity, transverse velocity, pressure gradient, volume flow rate, average volume flow rate, pressure rise and shear stress are obtained and discussed through graphs. It is noted that the axial velocity increases with increase in M, S and α and deceases with increase in D and β and the transverse velocity increases with increase in D and S and decreases with increase in M, β and α in the entire flow field. We notice the pressure gradient is maximum at x = 0.5.

This study was conducted to investigate the workload and work importance of Clinical Research Nurses (CRNs). Subjects consisted of 152 CRNs. The mean scores were 4.79/7 points in workload; 5.75/7 points in work importance. Workload differed significantly according to their job-related characteristics, depending on the type of employment (p=.027), the number of ongoing studies (p=.027), while there was no statistically significant difference in their work importance according to their job-related characteristics. These findings indicated that, in order to increase CRN’s job satisfaction, it is necessary to understand their job related characteristics, well and to prepare a work environment for effective job performance along with standardized job analysis.

The existing Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) toolkit includes only a clinical term search, and its output functions are not linked to a particular database, making it difficult for users to map biological data, and the use of biobanks requires much time and effort. This study developed a SNOMED-CT toolkit using an optimized search, allowing users to map clinical items for efficient utilization and standardization of biobank resources. The toolkit was developed using the Java programming language and Java Database Connectivity to connect to a previously developed research database. The user interface was implemented using Swing. The functions and interfaces of the toolkit were developed after a requirement analysis by SNOMED-CT experts. Using the toolkit, the user can search SNOMED-CT concepts. Using pre-and post-coordinated mapping of clinical items with the toolkit, it is possible to maximize the semantic interoperability of the previously developed database.

This paper proposes an effective model for prediction of different blood diseases by measuring the electromagnetic field created by human heart using SQUID meter. Four parameters such as voltage, current, resistivity of blood and accumulation time are measured using the proposed model and hence developed a relationship to find out various types of diseases such as diabetes, polycythemia, and anemia. Resistivity of blood is used as disease determinant that plays a vital role for prediction the disease. A number of experiments have been done to ascertain the accumulation time of blood particles from a patient blood which gives staggering information.

This study was attempted in the hopes of establishing an inner foundation for the reasonable job performance of journalists by understanding the coping methods for occupational stress of daily economy newspaper journalists. 92 reporters that work in the editorial offices of 5 different daily economy newspapers in Seoul, as well as ‘S Economy Newspaper,’ were the subjects of a survey conducted between July 1 to December 31 of 2014. The data was collected from the T-test, frequency analysis, and explanatory factor analysis conducted using the SPSS Win 18.0 program, and in the case of positive analysis, the data was verified at the significance level of 5%. The study results firstly revealed that the qualitative pressure of occupational stress has an impact on the method of pursuing mental relief. Secondly, it revealed that factors such as role conflicts and career management have a significant influence on active methods of problem solving. The implications of this study are hoped to be used as foundational data in the effective control and management of occupational stress and the arrangement of health promotion programs for journalists of daily economy newspapers.

This study was designed to investigate the collagen metabolism and tyrosinase activity of Olibanum extracts (OE). The currently known effects of OE are to move blood, calm pain, solve oedema, and promote tissue regeneration. The effect of OE on type I procollagen production and collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1, henceforth referred as MMP-1) activity in human normal fibroblasts Hs68 after ultraviolet B (UVB, 312 nm) irradiation was measured by the ELISA method. The tyrosinase activity after treatment with OE was measured as well. There was no cytotoxicity at all tested concentrations. OE significantly inhibited the increased collagenase activity after UVB damage, whereas it did not recover the reduced type I procollagen production in UVB damaged Hs68 cells. It did not reduce the tyrosinase activity and the L-DOPA oxidation, either. In conclusion, OE showed the anti-wrinkle effects via the collagenase inhibitory mechanism. Although further research is needed to validate its efficacy, these results suggest that OE may have potential as an anti-aging ingredient in cosmetic herb markets.

Diabetes is a condition in which the amount of sugar in the blood is higher than normal. Classification systems have been widely used in the medical domain to explore patient’s data and extract a predictive model or set of rules. The prime objective of this research work is to facilitate a better diagnosis (classification) of diabetes disease. There are already several methodologies which have been implemented on classification for the diabetes disease. The proposed methodology implemented work in 2 stages: (a) In the first stage Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used as a feature selection method on Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIDD) (b) In the second stage, J48graft Decision Tree (J48graft DT) has been used for the classification and prediction on the selected feature. Early diagnosis of any disease with less cost is preferable. Diabetes is also one of such diseases. GA is noted to reduce not only the storage capacity, cost and computation time of the diagnostic process, but the proposed approach also improved the ROC of classification. The experimental results obtained classification accuracy (74.7826%) and ROC (0.786) show that GA and J48graft DT can be successfully used for the diagnosing of diabetes disease.

This study investigated the caring effect of hand massage using aroma essential oil and music therapy on an anxiety and sleeping for the 72 elderly comprising of groups I (24 elderly) and II (25) and a control group (23) living in the sanatorium. The group I was given with hand massage using aroma essential oil and music therapy at the same time twice a week, for 4 weeks, while group II was with only hand massage using aroma essential oil and the control group was with none. Despite no difference between beforehand between group I and II, the average anxiety scores (AAS) of the group I has statistically significantly reduced; AAS of the group I has reduced by 4 from beforehand 53 to afterward 49, while group II by 1 from 52 to 51. However, there was no significant difference in improvement in sleeping among groups. This study demonstrates that non-medicated, hand massage using aroma essential oil coupled with music therapy can be effective for relieving the anxiety of the elderly living in the sanatorium.

The present study deals with the phyto-diversity, population structure including regeneration of un- established seedlings, established saplings and mature trees and physico-chemical properties of soil in southern moist mixed deciduous forest of Bori Wild Life Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh, India. The results indicated that the average number of un-established and established regeneration of tree seedlings per hectare worked out to be 30,000 ha-1, and 2,778 ha-1, respectively, which were quite adequate. The dominant species in the stand were Tectona grandis, Saccopetalum tomentosum and Lagerstroemia parviflora. The distribution pattern of individuals of tree species in different girth classes was also seemed to be uninterrupted in the stand studied. This trend of uninterrupted distribution of in different growth phases with plenty of established regeneration was the healthy sign of establishment. Other associates showed different growth patterns. The dominant ground flora species were Achyranthes aspera, Zingiber roseum and Flemingia nana. The total density of tree and ground flora species was 247.37 ha-1 and 74,665 ha-1, respectively. The level of organic matter in soil was high, which was greater than 1.29 percent. The level of available nitrogen was low, which was less than 280 kg ha-1.

This survey study systematically investigated issues associated with medication-related procedures and elucidated the issues regarding high-risk intravenous medication safety among nurses. The results indicated that for nurses, high-risk intravenous medication safety issues included a lack of knowledge about administered medicines, patient confirmation negligence, inappropriate medicine management, inappropriate storage, lack of awareness about high-risk medicines, frequent verbal prescriptions, and confusion regarding packages and containers. This study therefore will contribute to improvements in nurses’ work satisfaction, patient safety, and medication-related knowledge and performance in terms of the safety of high-risk medicines requiring caution.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in physical activity, dietary habits, and physical strength between college students with normal and high body fat. This is a comparative study. In total, 78 people aged 20–29 consented to participate in the study: 48 in the normal body fat group and 30 in the high body fat group. Participants were surveyed on general and health-related characteristics, physical activities, and dietary habits through a questionnaire. Body fat, body mass index, muscular strength, flexibility, and lung capacity were measured. The differences in general and health-related characteristics, physical activity, dietary habits, and physical strength between the two groups were examined with the χ2- test and an independent t-test using SPSS 21.0. There were no significant differences on gender, perceived health, and interest in health between the two groups. There was a significant difference in the awareness of body shape, intensity, type and frequency of exercise, muscular strength, flexibility, and lung capacity between two groups. There were no differences in dietary habits between the two groups. The result of this study indicates that physical activity and physical strength have a more direct relationship with body fat than dietary habits. Constant interest and management of body fat is required, especially with regard to physical activity and physical strength.

Recent development of robot technology is revolutionizing the medical field. The concept of using robot assistance in medical surgery has been receiving more and more recognition throughout the world. Robot-assisted surgery has the advantage of reducing surgeons' hand tremor, decreasing post-operative complications, reducing patients' pains, and increasing operation dexterity inside the patients' body. Robotic assistants have been broadly used in many medical fields such as orthopedics, neurology, urology and cardiology, and robot assisted surgery is keeping expanding its influences in more general medical field. Refer to this research, auxiliary sliding variable sliding mode controller is proposed for multi DOF joint with application in surgical robot manipulator. The main problem in this research is design robust chattering free sliding mode controller. The chattering phenomenon problem is reduced in certain/uncertain system by using auxiliary sliding variable. The simulation results exhibit that the sliding mode controller with auxiliary sliding variable works well in certain and uncertain condition.

This study was to analyze the oral health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women and to provide basic data as the basis for improving quality of life measures. The subjects included 163 postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65 years, living in Busan and Gyeongnam from July 20 to September 30, 2014. Menopausal symptoms, depressive symptoms, dry mouth, monthly income, presence of systemic oral disease, use of dentures, and academic level appeared to affect the overall and oral health-related quality of life for postmenopausal women. Thus, menopausal women were to provide a basis for improving the quality of oral health-related life.

A hierarchical system of wireless USB (WUSB) over wireless body area networks (WBAN) is adopted for wearable health-monitoring systems (WHMS). It is executed on the basis of WUSB over WBAN protocol at each wearable sensor node comprising the WHMS. Basically, a single WHMS operates based on WUSB over WBAN protocol. And the multiple WHMSs operate based on the WiMedia D-MAC protocol and dual-role device (DRD) function. In this paper, a multimedia streaming scheme for N-screen services is proposed for WHMS networks. In a hospital, N-screen applications must be required by using WHMS networks. The multimedia streaming scheme for N-screen services is composed of service interval-based resource allocation and multicast reservation schemes. In simulation results, efficiency of the multimedia streaming scheme is proven through throughput and delay performances at an N-screen service scenario.

This paper aims at designing an oxygen level monitoring technique in an oxygen cylinder. The amount of oxygen present inside an oxygen cylinder is a very vital information when such cylinder is in use as life saving measure to a critical patient. In this paper, it is proposed to measure oxygen level using pressure and temperature sensors. Conditioned output of these sensors is connected as input to ARM micro-controller. ARM is programmed to display the actual pressure of oxygen cylinder in terms of numerical values and also in terms of fuzzy variables. A buzzer is also used as indicator to caution the attendants of patients whenever the level of oxygen is below a pre-decided value. The signal from the cylinder is further transmitted to the monitoring station through wireless communication module. Graphical display is used at monitoring station to indicate pressure of all oxygen cylinders to initiate actions like use cylinders which are in good conditions, replacement of empty cylinders with filled ones, etc. Experimental results show that, the aims set for this work are achieved satisfactorily.

This research was conducted to examine the effects of enneagram group counseling on the self-consciousness, communication competence, and interpersonal relationship of nursing students. As a research design, this research was performed to a nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test on a total of 20 students, 10 in experimental group and 10 in control group. For the experimental group, enneagram group counseling program, which consists of self-observation, self-exploration and self-understanding, self-change and understanding of others, and self-growth, was carried out in a total of 8 sessions, 2 or 3 times a week for 120 minutes per sessions using self-reflection daily record , education, group activities , presentation, and discussion. The collected data was analyzed by Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test using SPSS 15.0 program, and the results are as follows: the self-consciousness, communication competence, and interpersonal relationship points of nursing students who participated in the enneagram group counseling program appeared to be significantly higher than those of nursing students who did not. To conclude, it was confirmed that enneagram group counseling program was an effective program for improving the self-consciousness, communication competence, and interpersonal relationship of nursing students. It is considered necessary to support nursing students to grow as professional nurses who have the proper awareness of themselves as well as strong communication competence and interpersonal skills, by using enneagram group counseling as a part of character education that is emphasized to nurses.

The paper is in continuation of the previous work in which the effect on Bragg peak position, range and penumbra width of proton beam in radiation therapy is observed when inhomogenities such as brain, kidney and thyroid are placed in a homogeneous medium. The human organs along with the positioning of the tumour region were designed and the suitable energy range for each tumour of the human organ was optimized. A significant shift in the Bragg peak position was observed in each case i.e., approx. -0.36% for muscular skeleton, -0.44% for soft tissue (S. Bhatnagar et.al, 2014) [1]. In this paper, we will discuss the significant effect of the absorbed dose of proton beam during treatment in different ages. Distinct phantom volumes with their respective organs i.e. brain, kidney and thyroid of children at various ages such as 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 years and also an adult are considered from OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (ORNL) report (M. Cristy et.al) [2] for present simulation study. The relation between dose equivalent, absorbed dose as function of depth to target volume is computed. We observed that the dose deposition is dependent on the age where patient at younger age receives dose at higher rate while it gradually decreases in the other cases i.e. 10 year, 15 year and adult. The step length of the particle is varied which imposes a limit during particle interaction in the medium per unit length. The obtained dose rate on varying the step length is compared among the Geant4 9.3 and 9.4 versions to observe its data accuracy.

This study was to examine the conditions of nursing practice programs at small and medium-sized hospitals as well as the needs and levels of satisfaction among nurses. The subjects of study were 136 nurses working at the small and medium-sized hospitals in G Metropolitan City of J Province. The data collection period was one month in November 2010, and this data was analyzed using SPSS Program Ver. 19.0 ver. descriptive statistics, Independent T-Test, ANOVA, Duncan Post-Hoc Test, and correlation. Regarding needs, nurses responded that nursing practice programs are most necessary for nursing practice at the professional level, but they had difficulty in receiving nursing practice programs due to their hectic work schedules, and they thought that one hour per month is enough time to spend on nursing practice programs. There were subjects who thought that the nursing practice programs contribute to the provision of quality nursing, utilizing specific skills, developing expertise and supplementing education. There were significant differences in the responses of the subjects. In terms of general attributes, accommodation of and satisfaction levels regarding nursing practice programs were of an adequate level and nurses were overall satisfied with their current position in their careers. The total time elapsed since embarking on their nursing careers was under 1 year, and this seemed to have significant effects on the subjects in that they responded by saying that they could grow as the professionals due to being satisfied with their careers in nursing. Satisfaction levels regarding accommodation and content of nursing practice programs appeared to correlate with quantity. Accommodation was significant to satisfaction regarding practical training.

The aim of this study is to identify the factors of the healing environment for the elderly receiving long-term care, as perceived by healthcare providers in long-term care hospital and nursing home. The participants were 130 healthcare providers who worked at long-term care hospitals and a nursing home in a region. The data was collected by the structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS/Win 22.0. The mean of the healing environmental importance perceived by participants were 4.76(±0.46). Among the healing environmental domains, comfort scored highest with 4.64 (±0.32) on average, followed by sociality with 4.41 (±0.58), stability with 4.35 (±0.53), territoriality with 4.31 (±0.61), and livability with 4.21 (±0.66). There was no significant difference in the mean importance of any domains in the healing environment between long-term care hospitals and nursing home where the respondents worked. The healing environmental factors affecting the perceived healing environmental importance of participants were natural view, safety/security, and privacy (R2= 0.29). The research findings suggest that healthcare providers in long-term care facilities need to make efforts to recognize the importance of the healing environment and to reflect it in the health care plans.

Identification and prediction of stress using existing data processing methodologies are incompetent to predict the stress either in real time or laboratory based experiments. The main aim of this work is to classify the stress. The appropriate signal processing methodology, (i) to analyze the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal for normal and stress condition and (ii) to derive the optimum features from a set of statistical features over frequency band. This paper represent method to find out stress condition. Electrocardiogram, were recorded continuously while drivers followed a set route through open roads in the greater Boston area. Stress levels are created by driving into different condition. By driving in city, highway and rest condition. We used physionet data base ‘Stress Recognition in Automobile Drivers’ for ECG signal.ECG signal is used to analysis the stress. Parameters( RMS, Max ,Std ,kurtosis , min ,mean ,variance)are used for analysis by using discrete wavelet transform by using ‘db6’ mother wavelet function . Entropy Correlation, Skew ness, median, crest factor are not giving the appropriate changes from normal condition to stressed condition so these parameters are not considered. Artificial neural network was used for decision making you are in stress or not.

The purpose of this study is to assess the job stress and level of discomfort related to musculoskeletal disorders by body parts of dental hygienists in some regions, determine the presence of pain from work in dental clinics, and identify the type of work that might make dental hygienists feel the most uncomfortable level of pain. As for job stress, the married subjects were relatively unstable about relational conflicts associated with interpersonal relationships and support and about their job (p<.05). The more educated subjects received greater pressure from their job (p<.05), and those with more than 36 months of career who received greater pressure by their job (p<.01), who had more relational conflicts (p<.01), and whose organization was less systematic (p<.01) experienced more stress. Rewarding inadequacy was strongly negatively correlated. The part in which they felt pain most frequently was the neck (93.6%), followed by the shoulders (89.7%), the waist (86.4%), the hands/wrists (74.9%), the knees (67.4%), the back (67.2%), the arms/elbows (47.5%), and the feet/ankles (65.1%). Since job stress may occur in such a working and medical practice environment, it is necessary to change the environment; dental hygienists need to be willing to treat any uncomfortable part in their body and prevent it. It is necessary to develop a safety management program for their health.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of professional self-concept and professional autonomy on clinical performance of clinical nurses. Participants were clinical nurses working at the university hospital in Seoul. Data were collected using questionnaires that contained items on individual characteristic, professional self-concept, professional autonomy, nursing performance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. The study results indicate that, flexibility, medium autonomy, and position are factors that affect nursing performance. In conclusion, the improvement of nurses’ professional self-concept and autonomy will improve their nursing performance of clinical nurses. Therefore, strategies that strengthen professional self-concept and autonomy should be developed in order to improve nursing performance of clinical nurses.

In this paper describe a new technology of placing electrodes on user’s muscle recording the electrical activity which is called as electromyography. EMG is an instrument that recording the electrical activity of the muscles. It is a diagnostic procedure to assess the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them. In this paper reviews relating to the biofeedback used in physical rehabilitation. The physiological systems of the body which can be measured to provide biofeedback are the musculoskeletal system. EMG biofeedback useful in both musculoskeletal and neurological rehabilitation

This study was performed to evaluate the applicability of the ego-integrity model for home residing elderly to elderly patients in long-term care hospitals. In order to identify the predictors of ego-integrity in elderly patients, a regression analysis was conducted. Results showed that higher age, lower pain levels, higher levels of fantasy and perspective taking, and lower personal distress level in the empathy dimension, as well as higher spiritual well-being, were related to higher ego-integrity. These results show that multidimensional factors covering all the physical, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects have to be considered to formulate a comprehensive understanding of ego-integrity in seniors.