Earticle

Thrombolytic drugs have been used in the clinical arena to treat a wide variety of venous and arterial thromboembolic disorders which are a main cause of death. Thrombolytic molecules are plasminogen activators that convert the inactive plasminogen to the active proteolytic enzyme plasmin which dissolves the blood clot. Fibrin specific plasminoactivators such as tissue – type plasmino activator (t-PA), single chain urokinase type PA, staphylokinase etc. are superior to the non-specific ones such as streptokinase and two chain urokinase-type-PA (tcu-PA). The main advantage of the latest generation of fibrinolytic drugs for treating acute myocardial infarction (MI) is their ease of administration. Four thrombolytic drugs are currently available in market: alteplase, reteplase, streptokinase and tenecteplase. Streptokinase became the most widely used drug due to its low cost. However, newer agents have a longer half-life, making them easier to deliver, but these also are associated with bleeding complications. In a search to overcome these drawbacks, many efforts have been made to develop the more potent thrombolytic agents without bleeding complications. In this review, different generations of thrombolytic agents have been discussed.

The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (MWW) test statistic, while distribution-free, suffers from a loss of efficacy for certain underlying distributions. In this manuscript, we instead use a data-adaptive weighted generalized Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (AWGMWW) test statistic, one that is optimal in the Pitman Asymptotic Efficacy (PAE) sense, to discern differences in hippocampus shape among twin populations with or without Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Using this more powerful statistic, we verify, based on a previous study using the MWW statistic, that a high-risk group is more similar to the control group than the depressed group, the depressed group is more similar to the control group than the high-risk group, and the control group cannot be distinguished as more similar to one group or the other in terms of hippocampus shape.

The present paper deals wth a mathematical model for blood flow through stenosed arteries with axially variable peripheral layer thickness and variable slip at the wall. The model consists of a core region of suspension of all the erythrocytes assumed to be a Casson fluid and a peripheral layer of plasma as a Newtonian fluid. For such models, in literature, the peripheral layer thickness is assumed a priori based on experimental observations. In the present analysis, new analytic expression for the thickness of the peripheral layer has been obtained in terms of measurable quantities (flow rate (Q), centerline velocity (U), pressure gradient (-dp/dz), plasma viscosity (0p), and yield stress (θ)). Using the experimental values of Q, U, (-dp/dz), 0p and θ, the value of the peripheral layer thickness has been computed. The theoretically obtained peripheral layer thickness is compared with its experimental value. It is found that the agreement between the two is very good (error <1.4%). This information of blood could be useful in the development of new diagnosis tools for many diseases.

The paper throws light on the investigation of the global stability of a Mathematical model of Mortal Ammensal and an Enemy Ecological Model with Immigration for Ammensal Species at a Constant Rate. It is instituted by Liapunov’s stability criteria by constructing a suitable Liapunov’s function for appraising the global stability of the model in the case of coexistence equilibrium state.