Earticle

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) abstracts the chemical events at synapses into simple transfer functions, usually sigmoid in shape. Through a variable topological connectedness, they are capable of learning, optimizing, recognizing patterns and other pseudo-cognitive functions. Most cells in the organism communicate by chemical signals of a variety of types, neurons being special because of their highly specialized anatomy. Seven primary sites for tumors are identified: 1.Buccal Mucosa 2. Tongue, 3.Retromolar Trigone 4. Floor of Mouth 5.Ventral Tongue 6. Oropharynx 7. Lower Alveolus. Ten secondary regions of lymph nodes metastasis are observed: five regions each on the same and opposite side (ipsilateral/contralateral) as the primary tumor site.: In this paper a study is carried out on oral squamous cell carcinoma using ANN and data analysis approach is explored with two ANN methods:- (1) a supervised multilayer feed forward back propagation (back-prop) method, and (2) an unsupervised self-organizing map (SOM) method. This experience provides insight into implementation of ANN and directions to future investigation. The results from back-prop are comparable to that using multidimensional scaling (MDS) with respect to prediction of lymph nodes that have highest percentage of being metastasized, while SOM requires further work to identify clustering for individual primary cancer as well as next level of lymph node metastases..

In the past, many of the medical information produced by hospitals (such as medical records or imagery) have had trouble being transferred from place to place; the main reason for this being the difference in the many formats that are used by each and every brand. With the development of the ages, the need for exchange of medical information has increased. Thus, imagery medical information uses the DICOM（Digital Image and Communication in Medicine）standard. The goal of this study is to establish a reformatting interface using the DICOM file management system to transfer paper-based records into DICOM format. Once in DICOM format, these records can then be sent to the DICOM server so that they may be accessed via the DICOM Viewer cross hospitals. This study also aims to transform text information into DICOM format so that files may be exchanged with other hospitals through DICOM’s secure system so that medical records can be incorporated into hospitals’ image systems to form a congregation of hospital resources.

Personal Area Network for Intra-body communication using human body as the transmission medium enables wireless communication without transmitting radio waves through the air. With the vision of transmitting data through the human body, several trials have been made to model the human body as communication channel through which cablefree transmission is achieved. Making use of human body as a transmission medium signal transmission offers new data communication scheme in biomedical monitoring systems. Such a new wireless data communication technology will offer substantially increased freedom for long-term risk patients. On body sensors in the form of intelligent band-aids monitor the human vital functions. Enabled by the intra-body communication capability of every on-body sensors, the recorded data will be transferred wireless through the body within the Body Area Network sensor nodes. Eventually, one single node will act as a central monitoring node and is connected by a traditional wireless link, e.g. blue tooth, to the remote hospital monitoring infrastructure. There , the data will be displayed or stored in the patient’s record. Electronic data transfer over and through the human body has been proposed by research and industry as a promising technology for ultra low power wireless Body Area Networks.

This paper presents a simulation and fabrication of a PMMA (Poly (methyl methacrylate)) micro-suction tool for a capsular endoscope using a solid chemical propellant, AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile). A capsular endoscope integrated with a micro-suction tool can gather gastro-intestinal juice for medical diagnosis. Our previous PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) micro-suction tool has a fabrication problem: the PDMS Venturi-tube body and the glass substrate become detached during suction operation. In this study, PMMA is used as a material for enhancing the bonding strength. Additionally, PMMA has a lower contact angle than does PDMS, which results in an improved suction efficiency. The proposed PMMA micro-suction tool consists of an AIBN chamber, a micro-heater, a Venturi-tube, and a liquid reservoir. The PMMA Venturi-tube body is fabricated using X-ray lithography. The suction mechanism is as follows: The AIBN is decomposed into by-product and inert nitrogen gas by the heat generated by the micro-heater. The generated nitrogen gas is accelerated through the vena contracta section of the Venturi-tube. The accelerated nitrogen gas induces a negative pressure, so that the negative pressure pumps the target gastro-intestinal juice. The bonding strength of the PMMA and PDMS micro-suction tool are measured to be 1.6 N/m and 0.3 N/m, respectively. The PMMA micro-suction tool starts to pump the diluted ink when the generated negative pressure is 0.11 kPa. This value is approximately three times lower than the pressure of the PDMS micro-suction tool. The capsular endoscope integrated with the PMMA micro-suction tool is expected to improve the diagnosis achievable with the intended pathological research.