Earticle

This study examined whether subjective age (SA) protects against the adverse effects of low social activity on cognitive func tion in older people. Data from the National Survey of Older Koreans collected during the COVID-19 pandemic were ana lyzed to test this hypothesis. Among the 10,097 older adults aged 65 and older, 9,878 who met the inclusion criteria were se lected. Participants were classified into “older SA” (n=6,437) and “youthful SA” (n=3,441). The results demonstrated that low social activities decreased cognitive function (B= .55, t= 6.20, p< .001), and this effect was more pronounced in the older SA group (B=.82, t=11.55, p<.001), suggesting that the older SA group is more vulnerable to limited social activities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the reduced social activity of older adults negatively affected their cognitive function. However, these results suggest that maintaining a youthful mind can protect older adults against the adverse effects of limited social ac tivity on cognitive function.

배경: 저출산과 초고령화 사회에서 부모부양의 문제를 부모의 경제적 부양뿐만 아니라 우리나라의 전통 적 가치관인 효의 관점에서 부모존중과 정서적 지원을 위한 방안을 고려하기 위해 부모에 대한 양육태도 인식을 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 부모의 양육태도와 자아존중감이 관계가 있고 자아존중감과 효의식 간의 관 계가 있다는 선행연구를 근거로 대학생의 자아존중감과 효의식 증진을 위한 방안 모색을 위해 아버지에 대한 양육태도 인식과 어머니에 대한 양육태도 인식 간의 관계를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 자아존중감, 효의식, 아버지와 어머니에 대한 양육태도 인식의 관계가 어떠한지 살펴보고, 대학생의 자아존중감과 효의식 간에 아버지와 어머니에 대한 양육태도 인식의 이중 매개효과가 어떠한지를 살펴보는 것이다. 방법론/접근: 본 연구의 방법은 서울시 소재 S대학 재학생 124명을 대상으로 자아존중감, 효의식, 아버지 와 어머니 각각의 부모 양육 태도에 대한 인식을 설문조사하였다. 자료의 분석은 SPSS 22.0을 활용하여 기초통계, 신뢰도, 상관관계, 중다회귀분석을 실시하였고, PROCESS Macro V. 4.2의 모델 4번을 활용하여 이중매개효과분석과 그 효과검증을 위해 Bootstrapping 절차를 적용하여 검증하였다. 결과/결론: 첫째, 자아존중감과 아버지에 대한 양육태도 인식, 자아존중감과 어머니에 대한 양육태도 인 식, 자아존중감과 효의식, 아버지에 대한 양육태도 인식과 효의식, 어머니에 대한 양육태도 인식과 효의 식은 통계적으로 유의미한 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 중다회귀분석 결과는 자아존중감과 어 머니에 대한 양육태도 인식이 효의식에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생의 자아존중감과 효 의식 관계에서 어머니에 대한 양육태도 인식이 간접매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시사점: 대학생의 어머니에 대한 양육태도 인식은 자아존중감과 효의식 간의 매개역할을 하므로 효의식 증진을 위해 대학 교과과정에 어머니에 대한 이해와 관계 증진을 위한 교육과목 개설이 필요하다. 또한 대학생의 자아존중감을 향상시키고 어머니뿐만 아니라 아버지에 대한 추가적인 연구와 더불어 효의식 증 진과 그 실천 방안을 마련하기 위해 대학생을 대상으로 한 구체적인 프로그램 개발과 그 효과를 검증하 기 위한 연구가 필요함을 시사한다.

Background: To consider the issue of supporting parents in a low birth rate and super-aging society, not only the economic support of parents, but also the measures for respecting parents and emotional support from the perspective of filial piety, which is a traditional value in Korea, it is necessary to examine the perception of parenting attitude for parents, and to examine the relationship between university students’self-esteem, filial piety, father’s perception of parenting attitude, and mother’s perception of parenting attitude based on previous studies that there is a relationship between parenting attitude and self-esteem and that there is a relationship between self-esteem and filial piety. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between university students’self-esteem, filial piety, father’s perception of parenting attitude, and mother’s perception of parenting attitude, and to explore the double mediating effect of father’s perception of parenting attitude and mother’s perception of parenting attitude between college students’ self-esteem and filial piety. Methodology/Approach: For the methodology, this study attempted to survey 124 students at A University in Seoul for their self-esteem, filial piety, and perception of parenting attitude of fathers and mothers respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 for basic statistics, reliability, correlation, and multiple regression analysis, and Model 4 of PROCESS Macro V. 4.2 was used to verify double mediation analysis and its effect verification through the bootstrapping procedure. Results/Conclusion: First, self-esteem and perception of parenting attitude for father, self-esteem and perception of parenting attitude for mother, self-esteem and filial piety, perception of parenting attitude for father and filial piety, and perception of parenting attitude for mother and filial piety were found to have statistically significant positive correlations, but the results of the multiple regression analysis showed that self-esteem and perception of parenting attitude for mother affect filial piety. Second, it was found that perception of parenting attitude for mother had an indirect mediating effect on the relationship between university students’self-esteem and filial piety. Implications: Since university students' perception of parenting attitudes toward the mother plays a mediating role between self-esteem and filial piety, it is necessary to open a curriculum for understanding and improving relationships with mothers in the university curriculum to enhance filial piety. In addition, it suggests that in order to enhance the self-esteem of university students and conduct additional research on not only mothers but also fathers, it is necessary to develop a specific program targeting university students and verify its effectiveness in order to establish a plan for promoting filial piety and its implementation.

본 연구는 기업 ‘삼성’ 또는 국가 한국 명성을 형성하는데 영향을 미치는 문화계발효과(Cultivation Effects) 이론 변인과 ‘갤럭시’ 브랜드 구매의사 변인의 상호작용에 대해 살펴보고자 했다. 특히 본 연구에서는 ‘공명성’이라는 변인을 집중 탐구해 보고자 하였다. 문화계발효과에서 주장하는 ‘직접경험’ 뿐 만 아니라 정치커뮤니케이션에서 사용하는 공명성 개념을 본 연구에 가지고 와 분석을 실시하였다. 문화 계발효과에서 ‘직접 경험’ 변인을 반박하는 학자들이 아직까지도 많다는 점을 주목하여 본 연구는 공명성 개념을 명확하게 하고자 하였으며 TV세계를 현실로 인식함에 있어 직접경험이 아닌 인지적 차원 또한 중 요한 변인이 될 수 있을지 확인하고자 하였다. 그래서 본 연구는 한류 현상이 다른 국가에 비해 지속적으 로 증가하고 있는 중국에 초점을 맞춰 한국 드라마를 시청한 도심 지역 중국인 거주자 212명을 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 거시적 관점은 물론 미시적 관점의 공명성이 TV 현실세계인식에 영향을 미 치는 것으로 나타났다. 매개효과에 대한 분석 결과, TV 현식세계인식과 기업명성 간의 관계에서 브랜드 구매의사는 부분 매개효과가 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 브랜드 구매의사와 국가명성 간의 관계에 서 기업명성은 완전 매개효과가 나타났다.

This study sought to investigate the interaction between the theoretical variables of cultivation, which influence the reputation formation of the “Samsung” corporation and the country of South Korea, and the variability of purchase intention toward the “Galaxy” product line. The concept of direct experience that is advocated in cultivation theory and the resonance concept that is used in political communication were included in this study for the purpose of analysis. By focusing on a context in which many researchers still refute the notion that direct experience is a variable of cultivation, this study sought to elucidate the concept of resonance, as well as to verify whether the cognitive dimension, rather than direct experience, can be an important variable in the perception of the TV world as reality. This study therefore focused on China, where the popularity of the Korean Wave consistently increased over recent years compared with other countries, and conducted an analysis of 212 Chinese residents in urban areas who watched Korean dramas. As a result, resonance based on a microscopic viewpoint has an effect on awareness of a real world through TV. The analysis result of the mediator effect showed that brand purchase intention has a partial meditation effect in relationship between awareness of a real world through TV and corporate reputation. Also, corporate reputation showed a complete mediation effect in the relation between brand purchase intention and national reputation.

A pelvic belt decreases patient-reported perception of difficulty during the active straight leg raising (ASLR) test in individuals with pelvic girdle pain. However, the influence of a pelvic belt on the perception of diffi-culty during ASLR was not investigated in pain-free subjects. Therefore, this influence excluding the impact of pain is not clear. This paper aimed to clarify the effect of a pelvic belt on the perception of difficulty and muscle activity during ASLR performance in the subjective heavier side leg in pain-free subjects. Twenty pain-free female subjects participated. ASLR using the subjective heavier side leg was performed under two conditions: without and with a pelvic belt. Muscle activation of the ex-ternal oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris was measured during ASLR using a surface electro-myograph. Difference in perceived difficulty in performing ASLR with and without a belt was assessed. In total, 80% of subjects had de-creased perception of difficulty using a pelvic belt during ASLR. For ASLR performed with a pelvic belt, muscle activity significantly de-creased in the contralateral rectus abdominis, ipsilateral external oblique, and bilateral internal oblique (P<0.05), while it significantly in-creased in the contralateral biceps femoris (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in muscle activity of the ipsilateral rectus ab-dominis, contralateral external oblique, and ipsilateral rectus femoris between the two conditions (P>0.05). In conclusion, using a pelvic belt can decrease the perception of difficulty during ASLR, and the pelvic belt may improve impairment of load transfer between the trunk and pelvis.

이 연구는 미세플라스틱 위험을 둘러싸고 사람들이 느끼는 불확실성이 대응행동 의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 탐색하였다. 이 과정에서 매개변수로서 과학불신과 위험인식의 작용을 살펴보고, 심리적 거리감의 조절효과를 함께 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 미세플라스틱 위험에 관한 불확실성 인식은 대응행동 의도에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 과학불신과 위험인식에 각각 정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 불확실성 인식은 위험인식을 매개하여 대응행동 의도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤으나, 과학불신과 위험인식을 모두 매개하는 경로를 통해서는 대응행동 의도에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 심리적 거리감이 가까운 집단에서는 불확실성 인식이 위험인식을 통해 대응행동 의도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤지만, 심리적 거리감이 먼 집단에서는 불확실성 인식이 과학불신을 통해 대응행동 의도에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여, 커뮤니케이션 전략 관점에서 결론을 도출하고, 후속 연구를 위한 제안점을 제시하였다.

This study examines how uncertainty about microplastic risks influences individual's intentions to take responsive actions, focusing on the mediating roles of distrust in science and risk perception, and moderating effect of psychological distance. Findings show that perceived uncertainty does not directly affect the intention to act; however, it positively impact both distrust in science and risk perception. Uncertainty was found to increase intention through risk perception but decrease it through distrust in science. Additionally, psychological distance moderates these pathways: among those with a closer psychological distance, uncertainty positively impacts intentions to act through risk perception, while for those with greater psychological distance, uncertainty leads to lower intentions due to distrust in science. Based on these results, conclusions were drawn from a communication strategy perspective, and suggestions for future research were provided.

목적: 본 연구는 뷰티 산업 종사자의 블랙컨슈머 행동지각이 직무열의와 자아존중감에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하는 것을 목적으 로 한다. 방법: 서울, 인천, 경기 지역의 뷰티 서비스업 종사자를 대상으로 2020년 3월 2일부터 한 달간 설문조사를 하였고, 총 293 부를 분석에 사용하였다. 분석방법은 SPSS 25.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 일원분산분 석, 사후검증, 다중회귀분석을 수행하였다. 결과: 첫째, 블랙컨슈머 행동지각은 20대, 30대 보다 40대 이상이 많게 나타났다. 둘째, 블랙컨슈머 행동지각이 직무열의와 자아존중감에 부적(-) 상관관계를 보였고, 직무열의와 자아존중감은 서로 정적(+) 상관관계를 보였다. 셋째, 블랙컨슈머 요인 중 억지성이 직무열의에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 블랙컨슈머 요인 중 억지성이 자아 존중감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 이번 연구결과는 미용산업 발전을 위한 기초자료로 제공되고, 블랙컨슈머 해결방 안과 뷰티 서비스 종사자들의 직무열의, 자아존중감 향상을 위한 체계적인 인전자원관리가 계획되고 추진되기를 바란다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of black consumers’ perception of behavior on job enthusiasm and self-respect among beauty industry workers. Methods: The survey was conducted for 1 month beginning March 2, 2020, for beauty service workers in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province, and a total of 293 responses were analyzed. SPSS version 25.0 program was used to analyze frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance, post-verification, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The perception of behavior of black consumers was found to be more in their 40s than in their 20s and 30s. Second, black consumers’ perception of behavior showed a negative correlation with job enthusiasm and self-respect, and job enthusiasm and self-respect showed a positive correlation with each other. Conclusion: The results of this study provide basic data for the development of the beauty industry, and it is hoped that systematic human resources management will be planned and promoted to address the perception of behavior of black consumers and improve the job enthusiasm of beauty industry workers.

目的: 探索“黑色消费者”的行为感知对美容行业工作人员的工作热情和自尊心的影响。方法: 从2020年3月2日开 始，对首尔，仁川和京畿道的美容服务工作者进行了为期1个月的调查，共进行了293次调查。SPSS 25.0版程序 用于分析频率，因子分析，可靠性分析，相关性分析，方差单向分析，验证后和多元回归分析。结果: 发现“黑 色消费者”的行为感知在40多岁的人比20多岁和30多岁的人更多。其次，“黑色消费者”的行为感知与工作热情和 自尊呈负相关，而工作热情和自尊则呈正相关。结论: 本研究结果为美容行业的发展提供了基础数据，希望能够 规划和促进系统的人力资源管理，以解决“黑色消费者”的行为观念，并提高美容行业工作者的工作热情。

디지털로 시작된 세대 간의 지식전복과 이에 따른 격차는 게임이라는 콘텐츠를 통해 그 차이점을 드러낼 것이라는 것을 가정하고 본 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 증명하기 위해 실제 부모의 게임에 관한 인식이 자녀 의 삶에 중요한 변수로 자리를 잡고 있는지 분석해 보는 것이 본 연구를 통해 알아보고자 하는 것이 주요 내용이었다. 분석 결과, 부모의 게임인식은 자녀의 삶에 직접적으로 영향을 미치진 않았다. 하지만 자녀가 판단했을 때 부모의 게임인식 수준은 자녀의 삶의 만족도에 상당한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 확인이 되 었다. 이는 부모가 스스로 판단하는 게임인식보다, 디지털 세대인 자녀의 게임 활동과 문화를 어떻게 인식 하고 대하는지에 따라 자녀의 행복에 영향을 미친다는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 자녀가 인식하는 부모의 게임인식과 자녀의 게임인식 간의 격차는 청소년 자녀의 행복에 매우 중요한 요인으로 작용을 하며, 이는 청소년 자녀의 게임 활동을 부모세대가 꼭 배우고 습득하는 것만이 자녀 세대를 이해하는 길이 아니라, 자 녀와 함께 소통하면서 현재의 상황을 이해하는 것이 보다 중요한 요인으로 나타났다고 할 수 있다. 시대적 상황에 의하여 한 가정 내에 부득이하게 발생한 문화적 취향의 차이지만, 이를 부모가 인정하고 이해하는 방향으로 소통을 진행한다면 자녀의 삶에 매우 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 의미하기도 한다.

This study was conducted assuming that knowledge subversion between generations arising from digital technology and the resulting generational gaps are revealed through video games, a form of content. This study seeks to prove this assumption by examining whether parents’ actual perception of video games has become a significant factor in their children’s lives. The game user panel data released by the Korea Creative Content Agency includes game use data from youth children and parents. Using this, a regression analysis model was developed. The results revealed that parents’ perception did not directly affect their children’s lives. However, parental perception level of video games as judged by their children significantly impacts their life satisfaction. This suggests that, rather than parents’ perception of video games, how parents perceive and treat their children’s video gaming activities and cultures as part of the digital generation affects the latter’s happiness. The results also indicate that the difference in perceptions of video games between parents and children is a significant factor in adolescent happiness. Parents learning and mastering their adolescent children’s video game activities is not the only way for them to understand their children’s generation. Instead, it is more important to communicate with children and understand the situations in which they find themselves. The circumstances of the times have inevitably resulted in a disparity in cultural taste within the family. However, it also means that parents can positively affect their children’s lives if they communicate in ways that acknowledge and understand the differences with their children.

목적 : 본 연구는 수예공작 프로그램을 이용하여 자폐아동과 지적장애아동의 시지각 효과를 비교함으로써 그 필요성을 밝히고자 한다. 연구방법 : 선정기준에 따라 자폐아동 10명, 지적장애 아동 10명을 선별한 후 시지각 프로그 램을 적용하였다. 사용된 수예공작 프로그램은 수예공작을 치료로 적용하고 있거나 적용 한 경험이 있는 전문가에 의해 의뢰되고 만들어졌다. 항목에 들어가는 것은 도예작업, 모 빌공예작업, 밀가루 반죽작업, 지점토작업, 골판지공예작업, 칼라믹스작업이 선택되었다. 이 프로그램은 4주 동안 일주일에 두 번 적용하였고, 치료 전후의 효과를 확인하기 위해 MVPT-3를 사용하였다. 결과 : 첫째, 수예공작 프로그램이 자폐아동과 지적장애아동 모두 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 수예 공작 프로그램 적용 후 각각을 비교하였을 때, 지적장애아동에게 더 높은 효과가 있었다. 결론 : 수예공작 프로그램이 자폐아동과 지적장애아동의 시지각 기능 발달에 영향을 미친다 는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Objective : We try to show the necessity of crafts and arts comparing visual perception of autism with that of mental retardation using craft programmes. Methods : We applied a visual perception programme after sorting 10 autism and 10 mental retardation according to criteria. A used craft programmes are consulted and produced by specialist who are applying crafts as treatment or have experienced applying crafts. The items included potter, mobile art, wheat flour kneading, clay, corrugated cardboard work and color mix work. We applied the programmes twice a week during 4 weeks and used motor-free visual perception test-third edition(MVPT-3) to investigate the effect before and after treatments. Results : First, craft programmes had effect on both autism and mental retardation. Second, craft programmes had more effect on mental retardation. Conclusion : We could know that craft programmes influenced on visual perceptional development of autism and mental retardation.

　본 연구의 목적은 여대생의 데이트 폭력 인식이 데이트 폭력 피해자 행동에 미치는 영향에서 폭력허용도의 매개효과 를 분석하는 것이었다. 본 연구를 위해 U대학교 4개 학과에 재학 중인 여대생 161명을 대상으로 설문을 배포 및 수집하였다. 통계분석은 빈도와 백분율, 상관분석, 단순회귀분석, 계층적 다중회귀분석, Sobel 검증을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 여대 생의 데이트 폭력에 대한 인식이 데이트 폭력 피해자 행동 간에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 설명력은 5%였다. 둘 째, 폭력 허용도는 모든 데이트 폭력 피해자의 행동에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 설명력은 12%로 나타났다. 셋째, Sobel 검증 결과 첫 번째 단계에서 여대생 데이트 폭력에 대한 인식은 폭력에 대한 허용도를 유의하게 설명하였고, 두 번째 단계에서는 데이트폭력 인식이 데이트 폭력 피해자의 행동을 유의하게 설명하였다. 세 번째 단계에서는 폭력을 허용하는 것 으로 데이트폭력 피해자의 행동을 설명하였고, 네 번째 단계에서는 폭력에 대한 허용을 도입하였을 때 데이트 폭력 인식이 데 이트 폭력의 피해 행동에 미치는 영향은 감소하였지만 유의미한 수준은 아니었다. 즉, 폭력허용도는 데이트 폭력 인식이 데이 트 폭력 피해자 행동에 미치는 영향에서 부분 매개효과를 보였다. 향후 데이트 폭력의 피해자 예방을 위해 폭력에 대한 인식 을 높이고, 폭력에 대한 허용을 낮출 수 있는 실용적인 프로그램 개발 및 적용이 필요할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating effect of female university students' perception of dating violence on the dating violence victims behavior. A questionnaire was distributed and collected to a total of 161 female students enrolled in four departments of U University. Frequency and percentage, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed, and the Sobel test was performed to verify the significance of the indirect effects. Findings First, it was found that female university students' perception of dating violence had a negative effect on the behavior of victims of dating violence, and the explanation power was 5%. Second, violence tolerance was found to have a positive effect on the behavior of all dating violence victims, and the explanatory power was 12%. Third, in the first stage, female university students' perception of dating violence significantly explained the tolerance of violence. In step 2, perception of dating violence significantly explained the behavior of dating violence victims, and in step 3, the tolerance of violence explained the behavior of victims of dating violence. When violence tolerance was introduced in step 4, the influence of dating violence perception on the victimization behavior of dating violence decreased, but it was not significant. That is, violence tolerance showed a partial mediating effect in the effect of dating violence perception on dating violence victim behavior. It is necessary to develop and implement practical programs that can raise perception of violence and lower the tolerance for violence to prevent victims of dating violence.

The effect of maternal forced exercise on central disorders in offsprings has been shown but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the role of 5-HT2 and D2 receptors in neuroprotective effects of maternal forced exercise on offspring neurodevelopment and neurobehavioral symptoms is evaluated. Sixty pregnant rats were trained by forced ex-ercise and some behavioral and molecular aspects in their offspring were evaluated in presence of 5-HT2 and D2 receptors agonists and an-tagonists. The results showed that maternal forced exercise causes in-crease of pain tolerability and increase latency of pain perception in offspring in hot plate test, writhing test and tail flick test. Also maternal forced exercise causes decrease of depression and anxiety like behav-ior in offsprings. On the other hand, treatment of mothers by forced ex-ercise in combination with 5-HT2 and D2 receptor antagonists inhibited the protective effects of forced exercise and cause disturbance in pain perception and tolerability and increase depression and anxiety in off-springs. Also expression of cyclic AMP response element binding pro-tein (CREB) was changed in all experimental groups. In conclusion, our data suggested that maternal forced exercise causes neurobehavioral protective effect on offsprings and this effect might probably be mediat-ed by 5-HT2 and D2 receptors and activation of CREB gene expression.

This study examined how the level of Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) affects learners’ perception of Foreigner-Directed Speech (FDS) in a Korean EFL context. Thirty-five university students participated by completing the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale and then listening to two speech styles: standard speech and FDS produced by a native English speaker. After each listening task, they evaluated the speech on five dimensions: comprehensibility, confidence, friendliness, naturalness, and positivity. Participants were categorized into anxiety-high (AH) and anxiety-low (AL) groups according to the median of their FLA scores. The collected data were analyzed through independent-samples t-tests and mixed-effects models. Overall, FDS was perceived as clearer, friendlier, and more positive, while it sounded less confident and natural than standard speech. Compared with the AH group, the AL group assigned more negative ratings for confidence and naturalness, indicating that learners who have stronger anxiety levels may perceive FDS more favorably. These findings suggest that Foreign Language Anxiety influences how learners interpret speech addressed to non-native listeners and highlights the importance of affective factors when speakers adjust their communication in EFL environments.

While there has been extensive research on how familiarity affects time perception, there remains a significant gap in studies examining the impact of unfamiliarity on time perception. Therefore, we aim to identify the opposite mechanism and explore the impact of unfamiliarity on time perception. When navigating unfamiliar paths, efforts are made to quickly avoid or escape from unfamiliar situations. This process involves significant cognitive effort, giving rise to various emotions such as anxiety, restlessness, and tension. Individuals facing unfamiliar situations may also have a low perceived sense of control over the situation or task. Therefore, the current research aims to examine the influence of unfamiliarity on perceived control and time perception. Specifically, we seek to clarify the impact of presenting unfamiliar tasks through experiments on perceived control and time perception. The experimental results align with our expectations, indicating that in the case of unfamiliar tasks (vs. familiar tasks), perceived control was lower, leading to a longer perceived time than the actual time taken to perform the task. Based on these discussions, we present academic and practical insights.

The present study investigates the effect of pronunciation training on Korean adult learners’ perception and production of English vowels, /i/, /I/, /u/, and /Ω/. The study examines 1) the effect of pronunciation training on perception and production and 2) the maintenance of the effect over a one-month period. The subjects were 10 Korean graduate students who took a 4-week long English pronunciation training course. They were tested before and after pronunciation training and tested again one month after the training. In each test, both perception and production of the vowels were tested to see if the subjects were able to distinguish tense and lax vowels. In the perception part, subjects listened for words and checked the vowel (either tense or lax) sound they heard. For the production part, subjects read the selected words which contained the target vowels. The results show that pronunciation training has an effect, which supports the teachability of phonology in adulthood; however, the maintenance of the effect demonstrated a difference between perception and production, in which the effect was maintained in production but not in perception. Based on the results of the study, implications are discussed.

본 연구는 비전테라피가 시각 문제를 가지고 있는 ADHD 경향 아동의 증상과 시지각 기술을 향상시키는지 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상자는 ADHD 경향이 있는 아동 중 시각적인 문제를 가지고 있는 아동 10명이다. 비전 테라피 전· 후로 시각 기능 검사, 시지각 운동협응 검사, 시지각 기술 검사, ADHD 평가척도 검사를 실시하였다. 비전 테라피는 주 2회, 6개월∼1년 동안 실시되었다. 비전테라피 후에 대상자 모두 시각기능의 시력, 입체시, 버전스 범위, 폭주 근점에서 정상 범위에 도달했으며, 시각 기능과 시지각 기술이 향상되었고 ADHD 증상에 대한 점수가 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 비전테라피가 ADHD 경향을 가진 아동들의 증상과 시지각을 개선하고 시각문제를 해결하는 데 활용될 수 있는 것으로 보인다.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether vision therapy improves symptom and visual perceptual skills in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder tendency who have visual problems. The subjects of this study were 10 children. Before and after vision therapy, the visual function test, developmental test of visual-motor integration, test of visual perceptual skills, and ADHD rating scale test were performed. Vision therapy was conducted twice a week for a period of 6 months to 1 year. After vision therapy, all subjects achieved normal ranges of visual function, sensory fusion, stereoacuity, vergence function, and convergence. The visual function and visual perceptual skill were improved and the score for ADHD symptoms was reduced. Therefore, it seems that vision therapy can be used to improve the symptoms and visual perception of children with ADHD.

Brand reputation holds a vital role in meeting the needs of consumers in the market, and it helps to align consumer preferences in the market segmentation. For that reason, the primary purpose of business activities is to affect the perception and behavior of consumers toward a specific brand. This study discusses the effect of brand reputation, product quality, brand endorsement, and price perception on consumer purchase decisions in Laneige skincare products to determine whether those independent variables affect people's decision to purchase a specific brand's product. This study uses quantitative methodology, and the data is gathered through online questionnaires that assess the consumers' perception of how the brand reputation, product quality, brand endorsement, and price perception influence their purchase decisions. This study uses a non-probability sampling to select the sample. The questionnaire data is processed using a multiple linear regression analysis method using SPSS software. The analysis shows that all the independent variables (brand reputation, product quality, brand endorsement, and price perception) have a significant relationship with the dependent variable (purchase decision), and brand endorsement showing the strongest effect on purchase decision, indicated by B coefficient value of 0.317. This study provides accurate data to contribute to giving insights and useful information for business references by emphasizing brand reputation, product quality, brand endorsement, and price perception. It provides valuable insight to marketers, practitioners, and researchers in the beauty sector, as well as informs them of strategies for enhancing brand appeal and optimizing the shopping experience.

이 연구의 목적은 중환자실 간호사의 생애말 간호역량, 긍정심리자본, 죽음인식, 중환자실 간호근무환경 간의 관계를 조사하고, 중환자실 간호사의 생애말 간호 역량에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하는 것이다. 이 연구의 대상은 일개 상급종합병원 중환자실에서 3개월 이상 근무한 간호사 134명이다. 데이터는 2024년 8월 28일부터 9월 3일까지 수집되었으며, 수집된 데이터는 SPSS/WIN 27.0 프로그램으로 기술통 계, t-검정, ANOVA, Pearson 상관계수, 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 분석되었다. 생애말간호역량에 영향을 미치는 요인은 긍정심리자본(β = .47, p < .001), 죽음인식(β = .18, p = .009), 중환자실 간호근무환경 (β = .14, p = .050)이었으며, 모형의 설명력은 40.5%이었다( F = 17.41, p < .001, R2=.405, Adj-R2=.381). 본 연구의 결과는 중환자실 간호사의 생애말 간호역량 강화를 위한 프로그램 개발 및 후속 연구뿐만 아니라, 인적자원관리에 기초한 핵심 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between end-of-life nursing competency, positive psychological capital, death perception, and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nursing work environment, and to identify factors affecting the end-of-life nursing competency of ICU nurses. The participants were 134 nurses who had worked for more than 3 months in ICUs. Data were collected from August 28th to September 3rd, 2024. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 27.0. As a results, factors influencing end-of-life nursing competency were positive psychological capital (β = .47, p < .001), death perception (β = .18, p = .009), and ICU nursing work environment (β = .14, p = .050), explaining 40.5% of the variance (F = 17.41, p < .001, R2=.405, Adj-R2=.381). This research findings will provide significant data for development of programs to foster end-of-life nursing competence among ICU nurses, as well as for follow-up studies and human resource management.

목적: 본 연구는 색조화장품 사용 태도를 파악하여 외모 인식에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 외모 만족도와의 매개 관계에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 서울과 수도권에 거주하고 색조화장품을 사용하는 20-50대 여성 대상으로 8월 1개월 간 설문을 실시하여 최종 307개를 SPSS Version 26.0를 이용하여 빈도분석, χ2검정, One-way ANOVA 및 t-test 검증으로 분석하였다. 결과: 색조화장품 사 용 태도가 외모 인식에 유의한 영향을 주되 외모 만족도가 높을 때 더 밀접한 관계를 확인하였고, 가장 관심 있는 부분은 사용 연령 이 높을수록 외모 인식의 중요성이 높아지며 나이가 들수록 외모에 관심이 많은 것으로 사료된다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 나이가 많을 수록 외모 인식이 중요해짐에 따라 외모 만족도를 충족하기 위해 색조화장품 사용이 증가하는 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 이러한 결과 는 젊은 여성뿐만 아니라 높은 연령층 여성의 외모 만족을 충족시킬 수 있는 전문화된 색조화장품 구성이 필요할 것으로 사료되며, 세분화된 상품기획 방향과 마케팅 전략의 필요성이 있다고 판단되고 후속 연구가 계속 이어져야 할 것이다.

Purpose: This study aims to understand the attitude toward using color cosmetics to find their effects on appearance perception and the attendant mediating relation with appearance satisfaction. Methods: A one-month survey of women in their 20s and 50s residing in Seoul and the surrounding metropolitan area and using color cosmetics was conducted in August 2024; the final 307 responses were analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0 by frequency analysis, χ2 test, one-way ANOVA, and t-test verification. Results: The attitude toward using color cosmetics has a significant effect on appearance recognition, but a closer relation was confirmed when appearance satisfaction was high. Results show that appearance recognition becomes more important with increasing age—the older you get, the more interested you are in your appearance. Conclusion: In this study, the use of color cosmetics to engender appearance satisfaction increases as appearance recognition is important with increasing age. These results are considered to require a specialized composition of color cosmetics that can generate appearance satisfaction among both young and older women, and the need for detailed product planning directions, marketing strategies, and follow-up research should continue.

目的: 了解使用彩妆态度，对外貌认识产生何种影响，并与外貌满意度的媒介关系。方法: 以居住在首尔和首都 圈并使用彩妆的20-50岁女性为对象，于8月进行了为期1个月的问卷调查，共307例采用SPSS Version 26.0进行 频率分析、χ2检验、One way ANOVA和t 检验进行验证分析。结果: 使用彩妆的态度对外观认知度有显着影响， 但当外观满意度较高时，证实了更密切的关系。最关心的部分是使用年龄越大,对外貌的认知就越大,年龄越大,对 外貌的关注就越多。结论: 在这项研究中，可以预见的是，随着年龄的增长，外表认知变得更加重要，为了满足 外表满意度，彩妆的使用也会增加。这些结果表明，需要既能满足年轻女性，又能满足老年女性外观满意度的 专门彩妆，需要详细的产品规划方向和营销策略，并应继续进行后续研究。

배경: 초고령 사회로 들어서면서 부모부양을 효의 관점에서 인식하고 대학생의 효의식을 증진시기키 위 한 방안을 찾아보기 위하여 어머니에 대한 양육태도에 대한 인식, 자아존중감, 효의식이 관련이 있고, 효 의식과 관련된 주요개념으로 자아존중감에 대한 논의가 증가하고 있다. 목적: 본 연구는 대학생 자녀의 어머니에 대한 양육태도와 효의식 간에 자아존중감의 매개효과를 확인하 는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법론/접근: 본 연구의 통계분석을 위해 SPSS 22.0을 활용하였고, 각 연구개념 간 관련성을 확인하기 위 해 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다. 연구모형의 적합도를 검증하기 위하여 SPSS 22.0 Process Macro의 모델 4번을 활용하였고, 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 Bootstrapping 절차를 통해 유의도를 검증하였다. 결과/결론: 첫째, 대학생이 인식하는 어머니의 양육태도와 자아존중감, 그리고 효의식은 통계적으로 유의 미한 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 어머니에 대한 양육태도에 대한 인식이 높을수록 자아존중 감이 높아지고, 효의식도 높아진다. 둘째, 어머니의 양육태도에 대한 인식과 효의식 간에 관계에서 자아 존중감이 부분매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 시사점: 대학생의 효의식을 증진하기 위해 자아존중감 향상을 위한 함의를 제시하였다.

Background: As we enter a super-aged society, to perceive supporting parents from the perspective of filial piety and to find ways to enhance the consciousness of filial piety of undergraduate students, the perception of parenting attitude towards mother, self-esteem, and consciousness of filial piety are related, and as a major concept that is related to the consciousness of filial piety, discussion on self-esteem is increasing. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the mediating effect of self-esteem between the parenting attitude toward mothers of undergraduate students and their consciousness of filial piety. Methodology/Access: For the statistical analysis of this study, SPSS 22.0 was used, and correlation analysis was conducted to confirm the relevance between each research concept. To verify the fit of the research model, model No. 4 of the SPSS 22.0 Process Macro was used, and to verify the mediating effect, significance was verified through the Bootstrapping procedure. Results/Conclusion: First, it was found that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between mother's parenting attitude, self-esteem, and perception of filial piety perceived by undergraduate students. In other words, the higher the perception of the parenting attitude toward the mother, the higher the self-esteem and the higher the perception of filial piety. Second, it was found that self-esteem was partially mediated in the relationship between the mother's perception of parenting attitude and perception of filial piety. Implications: To enhance the consciousness of filial piety of undergraduate students, implications for improving self-esteem were suggested.