Earticle

For decades, the Western paradigm of English language teaching has occupied a prestigious position in Asia. It is now generally recognized, however, that the varieties as well as the uses of English differ from place to place. Furthermore, language teaching and learning is affected by a host of factors ranging from the macro political and cultural environments of a country or region to the micro perceptions and practices of individual teachers or learners, which calls for different methodologies for different learners or learning situations. By taking a close look at all the local features that affect the choice of the varieties of English to be learned, the content of learning and the approaches to teaching and learning in the Asian context, this article attempts to reveal limitations in the established theories and practices in English language teaching. It calls for a paradigm shift within the Asian region that is responsive not only to indigenous traditions of language learning but also to the increasing use of English as a language of contact between non-native speakers across national boundaries while at the same time continuing to welcome the theories and practices of English language teaching from outside the region.

오늘날 강력화, 집단화, 흉포화, 저연령화, 사이버 매체화의 특징을 보이는 학교폭력 문제는 학생들의 복지와 안전, 행복은 물론 학교 교육의 붕괴, 더 나아가 한국사회를 위협하는 요인이 되고 있다. 본 논문은 학교폭력 문제 해결을 위한 연구와 대책 및 정책의 접근 방법의 한계 ― 미시적ㆍ단편적ㆍ제한적 ― 를 지적하면서 인간과 사회의 상호연관성 속에서 좀 더 근원적ㆍ심층적ㆍ총체적ㆍ통합적인 방법으로의 접근해야 할 것을 요구하고 있다. 학교폭력과 학교문제 해결을 위해서는 기존 경쟁지향적인 전통적 지능(IQ) 교육에서 탈피한 새로운 지능교육 ― 다중지능(MQ)ㆍ감성지능(EQ)ㆍ사회지능(SQ)ㆍ도덕지능(MQ) ― 이어야 할 것과 닉 데이비스(Nick Davies)의 ‘광범위한 교육복지’와 데이비드 W. 오어(David W. Orr)의 ‘교육에의 지속가능한 생태학’을 대안적 패러다임으로 소개하고 있다.

The school violence of today, which gradually becomes systematized, strong and brutal, and is conducted more by younger persons than ever and by cyber media, threatens collapse of the school education as well as welfare, safety and happiness of the students. This paper points out that approaches to the studies and policies on a solution to the school violence that have been carried out for several years has been microscopic, fragmentary and limited, proposing to convert the way of thinking into interdisciplinary, general and integrated methods. Therefore, it introduces multiple intelligence(MQ)ㆍsocial intelligence(SQ)ㆍmoral intelligence(MQ) from existing traditional intelligence quotient(IQ). And as theories for paradigm shift, the theory of Nick Davies who proposed a harmonious right people having analyzed that failure in the school education is caused by neo-liberalism based on competition and the theory of David W. Orr who proposed consistent educational ecological access as an alternative for the school violence and problems of school education.

여기서는 Beck의 ‘위험사회론’ 으로부터 벗어나려는 최근의 사회현실 진단 경향에 상응하게 위험에 대한 주 객관적 인지에서 위험 소통으로 논의 방향이 이동하는 것을 추적하고자 한다. Luhmann은 그의 ‘위험의 사회학’에서 사회체계이론의 관점에서 위험 소통의 구조화되고 조직된 역동성을 강조하고 있다. 이에 Luhmann이 위험연구에 제안한 패러다임 전환, 즉 전통적인 위험과 안전의 구별에서 새로운 위험과 위해의 구별로의 패러다임 전환이 타당한지를 헤아려 볼 것이다.

This paper aims to follow direction of social science which discussions changed from subjective, objective risk-perception to risk-communications, in order to overcome limits of a sociological concept Beck`s ‘risk-society’ in a way that corresponds to contemporary societies. Luhmann emphasized dynamics of structuralized and organized risk-communications in a view of social system theory with his concept ‘risk of society’. Therefore this study verify the paradigm shift that Luhmann suggested the risk studies, from traditional distinction of 'danger and security' to new distinction of 'risk and danger'.

Rapid changes in the 21st century require a new approach to consumer safety. In this paper, a paradigm shift in the field of consumer safety was proposed by proposing a few fundamental tasks after briefly reviewing technological and social changes from a safety perspective. As a preliminary task for changing the paradigm of consumer safety, the application of the new concept of Human Error 3.0 and a behavioral economic approach were proposed. The proposed tasks with a new paradigm to consumer safety could contribute to establishing the starting point for steering the technical development of consumer safety in 21st century.

본 논문은 17세기 프랑스 개혁주의자 위그노들의 신앙과 삶이 어떻게 유럽 사회， 문화 그리고 산업의 변화를 가지고 왔는가에 대한 분제를 살 펴 보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 시기 위그노는 종교적 정치척 억합 아래 에 있었으며 많은 위그노들은 그들의 생명과 신앙을 바꾸기도 했다. 이 중 적지 않은 위그노블은 신앙올 지키기 위해 쩡치적 신앙적 난민으료 주 변 국가로 이민자의 삶을 선택했다. 그리고 그들은 새로운 삶의 터전 안 에서 자신들이 지니고 있는 신앙과 기술， 사상 등을 통하여 자신들의 새 로운 고향의 사회척， 분화적， 정제적 패러다임을 변화시키고 새로운 가치를 제공하였다. 즉， 유럽은 위그노에 의해 패러다임 전환의 시기를 맞 이했다. 이러한 새로운 가치관 대전환은 새로운 세계， 즉 영척 변화， 계 몽주의， 산업혁명， 과학혁명 그리고 자본주의의 길을 열었다. 이러한 위그노 신앙을 통한 사회의 변화는 오늘을 살아가는 그리스도 인인 우리들에게 중요한 사실을 제시한다. 즉， 오늘 우리에게 주어진 환 정이 아무리 부정적이라 해도 하나님의 부르심에 합당한 자로 오늘을 살 고， 그 삶으로 하나님의 역사를 이 땅에서 이루어가야 한다는 것이다. 이 목적을 위해 우리는 위그노의 신앙과 그들의 역사적 의미를 살며 볼 것이다.

This paper of this thesis is to examine the question of how the faith and life of Huguenots, the French reformists in the 17th century, brought about changes in European society. culture and industry. During this period, the Huguenots were under religious and polîtical oppression, and many HuguenotB changed their lives and beliefs. Not a few of these, Huguenots, chose to live as immigrants to neighboring countries as political and religiouB refugees in order to keep their faith. And they changed the social, cultural and economic paradigm of their new hometown and provided ne￦ values through their beliefs, skills, and ideas in their ne￦ place of Iife. In other words, Europe has entered a period of paradigm shift by Huguenot. This great shift in new values opened the way for a new world: spiritual change, Enlightenment, Industrial Revolution, Scientific Revolution, and capita!ism. This social change through the Huguenot faith presents important factB to us as Christians living today. In other words no matter how negative the environment giγen to us today, we must Iive today as God's calling and accomplish God’s work here in his life. For this purpose, we will examine the be!iefs of the Huguenots and their historical implications.

본 연구에서는 경제, 기술, 사회 패러다임 전환에 따라 소비자가 어떤 변화를 겪고 있는지살펴보고, 미래 소비자의 특성을 예상해 보았다. 미래 소비자는 소비환경과 일상환경이통합된 맥락 속에서 다양한 디지털 기술을 활용해 소비활동을 할 것으로 예상된다. 또한 소비를 삶 그자체로 인식하며 행복의 원천으로 생각하고 소비를 통해 나눔을 실천하는 문화를 생성할 것이다. 더불어 소비자는 감정적 충동적으로 행동할 것이며, 소비자 욕구의 개인화 맞춤화 경향은 가속화될 것으로 전망된다. 이에 따라 미래 소비자를 연구할 광고학연구에서는 이와 같은 변화 특성에 맞추어 연구 주제를 확장할 필요가 있으며, 신경생리학적 방법, 질적 연구방법, 행동 관찰에 기초한 빅데이터 연구방법 등과 같은 다양한 연구 방법을 융합하여 활용해야 할 것이다.

The researchers examined that the consumer is experiencing some changesdepending on the economic, technical, social paradigm shift. And we hadexpected the ‘future consumer’ characteristics. As a result, ‘future consumer’ will consumeutilizing a variety of digital technology in context integrated with the daily environmentand consumption environment. In addition, ‘future consumer’ will recognize thatconsumption is the life and the source of happiness. Thus, the culture of sharing will beformed through consumption practice of sharing. ‘Future consumer’ will behaveemotionally and impulsively, and he/she’s need will be customized and personalized. Accordingly, Journal of advertising research must expand the research topic for explaining‘future consumer’. And it would have to be fusion of various research methods, such asneuro-physiological methods, qualitative research methods, and big data methods basedon the observed behavior.

21세기의 행정은 급속도로 변화하고 있다. 정보사회의 고도화를 통해 제시되고 있는 유비쿼터스 기반의 재구성은 정보지식사회로의 패러다임 환경 변화를 반영하고 있다. 공공부문에서의 행정조직의 재구조화(restructuring)와 조직혁신(organization reengineering)을 통해 행정서비스를 개선시키려는 시도도 역시 지속되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에 서는 지금까지 추진되어 온 전자정부의 진행과정을 정리해보고, 진단과 성과 측정을 위한 시론적 접근을 시도하고 있다. 이는 앞으로 대두될 미래의 전자정부가 지속성을 유지하기 위한 차원에서 점검이 필요하다. 또한 향후 보다 분석적 연구를 통해 전자정부에 관한 명확하고 다양한 성과관리 및 평가가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

In the 21st century, administration is changing rapidly. The process of reconstruction based on ubiquitous environment in the enhanced information society reflects the paradigm shift to the information and knowledge society. Attempts to improve administrative services are also continuing through restructuring of administrative organization and organization reengineering in public sector. Thus, this study reviews the process of development in the e-government and tries a preliminary approach for diagnosis and performance measurement. It is needed to examine in order to maintain continuity of the future e-government. Henceforth, clear and diverse performance management and evaluation on the e-government should be made.

본 연구는 켄 윌버의 홀라키적 전일주의와 수운의 ｢시(侍)｣에 나타난 통합적 비전을 비교 고찰하고 그 실천적 함의를 밝히기 위한 것이다. 이러한 비교론적 연구는 통합 패러다임과 통합 학문의 비전을 제시하고, 생명의 전일성에 대한 통찰력을 제고함으로써 지구생명공동체의 구현에 기여할 수 있다는 점에서 그 의미가 크다. 또한 이들 통합적 비전에 대한 비교론적 고찰은 주체와 객체의 이분법에 근거한 기계론적․환원론적 세계관의 편협성에서 벗어나 보편적인 전일적 시각으로의 패러다임 전환을 촉구함으로써 생명시대의 도래를 추동하는 한 요인으로 작용할 수 있다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 초개인심리학자이자 포스트모더니스트인 켄 윌버는 ‘통합적(integral)’이란 용어를 ’다양성 속의 통일(unity-in-diversity)’이라는 의미로 사용한다. 한마디로 의식과 물질, 내면과 외면, 자아와 세계, 주관과 객관이 모두 ‘한맛(One Taste)’이라는 것이다. ‘생명의 3화음적 구조(the triad structure of life)’를 갖는 수운 최제우의 ｢시(侍)｣철학 또한 전일적인 생명의 역동적 본질을 명료하게 보여준다. 윌버의 홀라키적 우주론(Holarchic Kosmology)과 수운의 ｢시(侍)｣철학은 만물의 전체적인 전일성, 즉 모든 것을 포괄하는 거대한 전체를 상정한다. 다시 말해 이 우주 속의 모든 것이 상호 연결되어 있어 홀라키적인 다차원적 생명의 그물망을 형성한다고 보는 것이다. 윌버와 수운의 통합적 비전은 그들의 홀라키적 전일주의와 비이원론적인 세계관에서 비롯된다. 통합적 비전의 필요성은 낡은 기계론적 세계관의 관점이 더 이상은 생물적, 심리적, 사회적, 환경적 현상이 상호적으로 연결되어 있는 오늘의 실제 세계를 반영하지도, 문제해결의 유익한 단서를 제공하지도 못한다는 사실에 있다. 하여 근대의 ‘도구적 이성’과 ‘도구적 합리주의’에 대한 자기반성이 촉구되고 패러다임 전환의 필요성이 역설되면서 통합적 비전에 의해 세계가 재해석될 필요가 생겨난 것이다. ‘영적인, 그러나 종교적이지 않은’――이 말 속에 지구생명공동체의 가능성이 있다.

This study is to consider comparatively the integral vision in Ken Wilber’s holarchic holism and Suun’s idea of ｢Si｣and to clarify its practical implication. It is indeed meaningful in that this comparative study enables to present the vision of integral paradigm and integrative learning and to contribute to the embodiment of global life community by raising an insight into the oneness of life. We also can find its meaning in that such comparative consideration for the integral vision enables to get out of narrow-mindedness of a mechanistic and reductionistic world view based on the dichotomy of subject and object and to operate as a factor of deriving the advent of life age by urging paradigm shift to the universal holistic vision. Ken Wilber, transpersonal psychologist and postmodernist, uses the term ’integral’ as implying a true unity-in-diversity. In a word, consciousness and matter, interior and exterior, self and world, are of One Taste. Suun Je-u Choe’s philosophy of ｢si｣ which has ‘the triad structure of life’ also shows lucidly the dynamic nature of holistic life. Wilber’s Holarchic Kosmology and Suun’s philosophy of ｢si｣ assume the oneness of the totality of all things, that is, the great all-including whole. In other words, their view reveals that all things in the universe are mutually interconnected and thus form the holarchic multi-dimensional web of life. Wilber and Suun’s integral vision is derived from their holarchic holism and nondual world view. The necessity of the integral vision lies in the fact that the old mechanistic world view reflects no more today’s real world in which biological, psychological, social, and environmental phenomena are mutually interrelated and interconnected, and offers no more a useful clue to the solution of the problem. Thus, self-reflection on modern instrumental reason and instrumental rationalism has come to be urged and the necessity of paradigm shift to be emphasized and thus has been arisen the necessity of reinterpretation of world by the integral vision. Spiritual, but not religious――in this word lies the possibility of global life community.

Researchers have been debating over the relative merits of two research designs in conducting research： quantitative and qualitative research. The purpose of this paper is to present the conceptual basis and methods of qualitative research to educational researchers by introducing four qualitative studies which were conducted to investigate the students＇ language learning in naturalistic settings (i.e., Brock, 1997；Gilles, 1991； Kuhlman, 1995； Marriage, 1996). In those four qualitative studies, naturalistic qualitative research methodology allowed the researchers to recognize the nature and quality of the group or the child investigated, or the class in their interactions or conversations as student(s) was were engaged in learning language skills； listening speaking, reading and writing in the classroom. Therefore, a closer look at dynamics of class and speech community while teaching and learning the English language in the practical classroom would be helpful to enhance instructional guidelines for the development of English language proficiency.

This article is based on wish for new future that we can be appreciated by future generations for overcoming numerous challenges and crises that the global village is facing due to COVID-19. The exploration of multicultural education’s paradigm shift is discussed in two categories. The first category is to research the prerequisites for investigation of new multicultural education paradigm. Here, five prerequisites(overcoming immediate challenges of the global village, good finality, optimum field operation tool, high quality intellectual and democratic citizen education, practical and qualitative outcome creation) are discussed. Another category is to explore the goals and tasks of better multicultural education’s paradigm. The discussion here is divided into everyone’s better dignity and prosperity, high quality operation of diversity and systematization of field-friendly social intelligence, and more faithful operation of school multicultural education and more thorough partnership cooperation.

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명기 정부 비상대비정책이 주요 정보통신기술과 융합하여 지능화할 것을 제언 한 것이다. 한국과 주요 국가들이 4차 산업혁명과 관련하여 추진하는 주요 정책을 살펴보면서 정부 비상대비정책의 혁신적 전환을 모색하였다. 정부 기관들이 동일한 플랫폼에서 인공지능과 빅데이터 를 활용한 상황분석을 통한 의사결정, 사물인터넷과 무인자율체계를 활용한 동원자원의 효율적 관 리와 수송, 가상현실과 증강현실을 활용한 교육훈련, 클라우드 컴퓨팅에 의한 정보체계의 통합운용 과 데이터의 공유 등으로 정부 비상대비정책의 패러다임 전환의 전망과 대응 방안을 고찰하였다.

This study suggested that the government’s emergency preparedness policy during the fourth industrial revolution should become more intelligent by being integrated with major information and communication technologies. This study sought to make an innovative shift in the government’s emergency preparedness policy by reviewing major policies in connection with the fourth industrial revolution in South Korea and other major countries. The prospects for a paradigm shift in the government’s emergency preparedness policy include decision-making by artificial intelligence and big data on the same platform, efficient management and transport of mobilized resources via IoT (Internet of Things) and unmanned self-regulation systems, training using virtual reality and augmented reality, and sharing data with integrated management of the information system by cloud computing.

Urban infrastructure has historically operated as a primary engine of economic growth, facilitating rapid urban expansion while systematically externalizing ecological costs. This paper advances the concept of the Green and Blue Shift, a paradigm-level reorientation of infrastructural logics that positions ecological processes not as peripheral or ornamental, but as the foundational substrate of urban life. Rather than relegating nature to an aesthetic supplement, the Green and Blue Shift reconceptualizes infrastructure as a dynamic, living ecological system in which green (vegetated) and blue (water-based) networks constitute the structural and metabolic basis of urban environments. Drawing upon urban ecology, landscape urbanism, and theories of urban metabolism, the paper introduces the notion of Supernature as a theoretical lens through which cities may be understood as hybrid socio-ecological systems. This framing challenges the entrenched dichotomy between the built and the natural, arguing instead for their co-constitutive integration. Through historical analysis, conceptual synthesis, and engagement with applied research evidence, the paper contends that contemporary ecological crises—climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion—demand a fundamental transformation of infrastructural paradigms. This transition must shift from linear, extractive systems premised on throughput and accumulation, toward regenerative, networked frameworks that prioritize resilience, reciprocity, and ecological continuity. In doing so, the paper contributes a conceptual foundation for ecological urbanism, situating it within broader debates on sustainability and post-anthropocentric design while critically interrogating the normative assumptions that have historically underpinned infrastructural development. Furthermore, the study explicitly positions itself as a bridge between theoretical critique and design-oriented application. While acknowledging the limitations of a literature-based conceptual study, it establishes a theoretical basis and proposes concrete directions for future empirical, methodological, and practice-oriented research. Ultimately, by foregrounding ecological processes as infrastructural logics, the Green and Blue Shift reframes urbanization itself as an ecological project, thereby opening new pathways for reimagining the relationship between cities, nature, and planetary systems.

한국은 2025년 65세 이상 인구가 전체의 21.21%를 기록하며 초고령사회에 진입하였다. 2026년 3월 27일 시행된「의료‧요양 등 지역 돌 봄의 통합지원에 관한 법률」(이하 돌봄통합지원법)은 파편화된 시설 중심 돌봄 체계를 지역사회 중심으로 전환하는 법적 토대를 마련하였다. 그러나 기존 정책 논의는 행정적‧재정적 측면에 치우쳐 있으며, 돌봄의 근본적 가치와 철학에 대한 성찰이 부족하다. 본 연구는 플로렌스 나이팅게일(Florence Nightingale)의 환경이론, 진 왓슨(Jean Watson)의 인간 돌봄이론, 마사 로저스(Martha Rogers)의 고유인간과학을 이론적 토대로 삼아, 홀리스틱 돌봄 철학이 한국 통합돌봄 정책에 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지를 탐구한다. 이를 위해 체계적 문헌 고찰과 함께 덴마크, 스웨덴, 영국, 일본의 사례와 국내 시범 사업 성과를 비교 분석하여, 홀리스틱(全人的) 관점의 정책 제언을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 통합돌봄이 단순한 서비스 통합을 넘어 인간 존엄성과 전인적 안녕을 회복하는 사회적 투자임을 역설한다.

South Korea officially entered asuper-aged society in 2025, with 21.21% of its population aged 65 and older. The Integrated Community Care Support Act, effective March 27, 2026, provides thel egal foundation for transitioning from a fragmented, facility-centered care system to a community-based model. However, existing policy discourse has disproportionately focused on administrative and financial dimensions, neglecting a critical examination of the fundamental values and philosophy of care. Grounded in Florence Nightingale's environmental theory, Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring, and Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings, this study explores how holistic care philosophy can inform Korean integrated care policy. Through comparative analysis of Denmark, Sweden, United Kingdom, and Japan, alongside domestic pilot program outcomes, five holistic policy recommendations are proposed. This study argues that integrated care mustbe reconceived not merely as service coordination, but as a societal investment in restoring human dignity and whole-person well-being.

본 논문의 목적은 AI 시대 일본어 교육의 패러다임 전환을 이론적으로 분석하고, 한국･일본･대만의 지역별 현황을 비교 분석하며, 향후 실천적 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 제1장(서론)에서는 현재 일본어 교육 현장이 직면한 근본적 문제—기술 활용은 급속하 게 이루어지고 있으나 교육의 본질 재정의는 미흡한 상황을 제기한다. 특히 ChatGPT 시대에 학습자가 문화적으로 적절한 표현을 판단할 수 있는 능력의 부재를 강조하며, 새로운 연구방향으로 AI–매개 문화 리터러시 발달 교육학의 개념을 도입한다. 제2장(선행연구의 한계와 AI 시대의 과제)에서는 기존 선행연구의 네 가지 근본적 한계—단기 효과 검증의 편중, 교사 전문성 개발의 공백, 문화 맥락의 부재, 평가 방법론의 한계—를 도출한다. 이를 바탕으로 AI 시대 일본어 교육의 네 가지 핵심 과제(이론–실천 통합, 문화 맥락 체계화, 평가 패러다임 전환, 교사 전문성 개발)를 제시한다. 제3장(지역 비교분석)에서는 일본(문부과학성 가이드라인과 岩手大学 DX.E 프로그 램), 한국(대학 현장사례), 대만(淡江大学의 메타버스 통합)의 현황을 분석한다. 세 지역 의 공통과제 즉, 교사 수용도는 높지만 교수법 혁신은 뒤쳐져 있으며, 장기적 지속 가능성 이 미검증이라는 한계를 도출한다. 제4장(결론)에서는 본 논문이 제시하는 AI–매개 문화 리터러시 발달 교육학과 삼각형 협력 모델을 통해 단기･중기･장기의 실천 과제를 구체화한다. 결론적으로 AI는 교사를 대체하지 않으며, 인간 교사와 학습자의 고차 역량 발달을 위해 저차 작업을 담당하는 파트너가 되어야 함을 강조한다.

This study examines the paradigm shift in Japanese language education in the AI(Artificial Intelligence) era through a qualitative comparative analysis of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, focusing on cultural literacy and metalinguistic judgment in honorific usage. First, it identifies a structural gap shared by these regions: while generative AI adoption has rapidly advanced in practice and policy, it has not been matched by the pedagogical reconfigurations required to genuinely support higher-order cultural literacy. Second, the comparison elucidates how Japan’s institutional leadership, Korea’s field-centered experimentation, and Taiwan’s philosophical instructional design represent distinct strengths with complementary limitations, indicating the necessity of an integrated framework. Third, the findings underscore the inadequacy of conventional satisfaction-based evaluations, demonstrating their inability to capture learners’ capacity for culturally appropriate judgment and critical negotiation of meaning. Building on these results, the paper proposes an “AI-Mediated Cultural Literacy Development Pedagogy” that redistributes educational roles: AI functions as a partner for lower-order linguistic processing, teachers act as mediators of cultural interpretation, and learners develop the metalinguistic and metacognitive competencies necessary for critical engagement with AI outputs.

한국의 민간투자사업(PPP)은 1994년 ｢사회간접자본시설에대한민간자본유치촉진법」제정 이후 30년간 누적 872개 사업, 총 142조원 규모로 성장하며 국가 인프라 확충에 기여했다. 그러나 현행 분쟁해결 메커니즘은 심각한 구조적 딜레마에 직면해 있다. 법원 소송은 전문성 부족과 심리 장기화 문제를, 외국중재기구를 통한 국제중재는 용인경전철 ICC 사례에서 보듯 법률대리인 비용만 99억원 이상의 고비용 구조를, 민간투자사업분쟁조정위원회는 최근 3년간 출석회의 2회, 예산 0원으로 사실상 기능 정지 상태를 보인다. 본 연구는 용인경전철(ICC)과 광주순환도로(KCAB) 사례를 정량·정성 비교하여 국내 중재의 우월성을 실증하고, 표준실시협약 제76조 전면 개정을 통한 전속적 대한상사중 재원 중재 도입, Arb-Med-Arb 구조를 통한 화해중재판정 활용, 고액사건 중재인 보수 현실화, 민간투자 전문 중재인 풀 육성 등의 정책 방안을 제안한다.

Since the enactment of the Act on Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure in 1994, Korea’s PPP projects have experienced explosive growth over 30 years, encompassing 872 projects with a cumulative investment of 142 trillion KRW. However, the current dispute resolution mechanisms confront a profound structural trilemma: court litigation suffers from insufficient expertise and prolonged proceedings; foreign-led international arbitration exemplifies exorbitant costs as seen in the Yongin Light Rail ICC case (legal fees exceeding 9.9 billion KRW); and the PPP Dispute Adjustment Committee has been effectively defunct with only two meetings and zero budget in the past three years. This study empirically demonstrates the superiority of domestic arbitration through a rigorous comparison of the Yongin Light Rail (ICC) versus Gwangju Ring Road (KCAB) cases. From a policy perspective, the study proposes a comprehensive overhaul of Standard Implementation Agreement Article 76: introduction of mandatory exclusive KCAB arbitration clauses, adoption of an Arb-Med-Arb framework, hourly remuneration for high-value cases, and cultivation of a specialized PPP arbitrator pool.

This study investigates the changes in factors influencing aircraft utilization based on aircraft types during the pandemic period. The analysis categorizes the periods into three phases: pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and post-pandemic, while the aircraft types are classified into two groups (C-class and E-class or higher). Utilizing SHAP and Random Forest methodologies, the study analyzes the importance of various factors for each group and examines the significance of differences in importance across the specified periods and aircraft types through group difference testing. The findings reveal that for C-class aircraft, the importance of the USD/KRW exchange rate and the lagging composite index was notably high before the pandemic. However, during the pandemic, there was a substantial surge in the significance of the JPY/KRW exchange rate, and post-pandemic, the importance of economic indicators increased. E-class or higher aircraft exhibited a similar trend, with a significant rise in the importance of the CNY/KRW exchange rate observed after the pandemic. The Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed that most average changes among the groups were not statistically significant, except for the C-class aircraft in the Random Forest analysis. This indicates that there were no substantial changes in the underlying factors between the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods, suggesting that the impact of the pandemic on airline fleet utilization extends beyond short-term changes. Furthermore, the findings highlight the need for airlines to enhance their sensitivity to external environments and develop utilization strategies in volatile markets. Additionally, there is a possibility that long-term dependency on network strategies may become more pronounced than reliance on external factors like the pandemic. By providing an in-depth analysis of the pandemic's impact on aircraft utilization, this study contributes to the formulation of effective utilization strategies for airlines navigating an uncertain economic environment.