Earticle

Rapid changes in the 21st century require a new approach to consumer safety. In this paper, a paradigm shift in the field of consumer safety was proposed by proposing a few fundamental tasks after briefly reviewing technological and social changes from a safety perspective. As a preliminary task for changing the paradigm of consumer safety, the application of the new concept of Human Error 3.0 and a behavioral economic approach were proposed. The proposed tasks with a new paradigm to consumer safety could contribute to establishing the starting point for steering the technical development of consumer safety in 21st century.

There are five main regulations in product liability system of China, which are general principles of the civil law, product quality law, consumer rights protection law, food safety law and the chapter 5 of tort liability law. This paper review the present condition about five main regulations in product liability system of China on above. There are the differences about a purpose of legislation and coverage of their five laws. I think that the product quality law legislated in 1993 is basic law about product liability system of China. The provisions of the general principles of the civil law related to the product liability is changed by the product quality law. Also the product quality law is the preferentially applicable law than consumer rights protection law, food safety law and the chapter 5 of tort liability law. Lastly, this study on the interrelation of the related laws for the product liability of China give some suggestions about the improvement of the product liability of Korea.

There are five main regulations in product liability system of China, which are general principles of the civil law, product quality law, consumer rights protection law, food safety law and the chapter 5 of tort liability law. This paper review the present condition about five main regulations in product liability system of China on above. There are the differences about a purpose of legislation and coverage of their five laws. I think that the product quality law legislated in 1993 is basic law about product liability system of China. The provisions of the general principles of the civil law related to the product liability is changed by the product quality law. Also the product quality law is the preferentially applicable law than consumer rights protection law, food safety law and the chapter 5 of tort liability law. Lastly, this study on the interrelation of the related laws for the product liability of China give some suggestions about the improvement of the product liability of Korea.

The skin is an important body barrier composed of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat layer, and it protects the body from external foreign substances or stimuli and maintains moisture. The skin gradually ages due to internal and external factors, and ultraviolet rays, reactive oxygen species, and dryness are the main causes of skin aging. In order to improve this skin aging, various functional cosmetics are being developed, and these mainly include various natural products and compounds with effects such as antioxidant, whitening, wrinkle improvement, and antibacterial. Recently, as the safety and effectiveness evaluation of cosmetic materials has become important, various evaluation methods have been introduced to confirm skin compatibility and efficacy. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the mechanisms related to skin aging and the efficacy of functional cosmetics, and aims to present evaluation methods for the development of safe and effective cosmetics.

In the current situation where the elderly population is continuously increasing, the health problems of the elderly can cause various social problems. The WHO suggested that the elderly's participation in physical activity is a key factor enabling not only the health of the elderly but also their work, social contribution, autonomy, and dignity, and therefore an important factor in solving the problems of the elderly society. Despite these positive functions, the elderly may experience various accidents during physical activity due to the deterioration of musculoskeletal function and the occurrence of various degenerative diseases due to aging, which not only directly threatens the health of the elderly but also reduces the participation in physical activity, which can affect the deterioration of health and quality of life. In this study, through the analysis of previous studies and related data, the types and causes of risks that may occur when the elderly participate in sports activities and guidelines for safe participation in sports activities were presented. In order to increase the participation of the elderly in sports activities, safety should be secured by referring to this study. Furthermore, various psychological and social support should be provided so that the elderly themselves can have motivation and will to participate in sports activities.

Paraben is a preservative used in various fields such as cosmetics, food, and medicine. It has excellent antibacterial effects even at low concentrations, so it plays a role in preventing spoilage of various products. However, due to research results showing that it has hormonal disruption, reproductive toxicity, and genotoxicity, it is a reality that it is avoided as a preservative used in humans. For decades, parabens were considered very safe for living organisms, but recently, many research results have been published that refute this. However, this does not mean that preservatives that replace parabens are safe. Various controversies about parabens are not finding a consensus from various perspectives. This study aims to examine various research results and various perspectives on parabens.