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Customer harassment is a serious social issue that infringes on workers’ human dignity and health rights while undermining consumer culture and trust in the service industry. This study views customer harassment as an intersectional issue between labor protection and consumer responsibility, and compares the legal and policy responses of Korea and Japan. The results indicate that Korea has institutionalized the protection of customer service workers mainly through the Industrial Safety and Health Act, but its approach remains limited to occupational safety regulations with insufficient consumer policy linkage and social consensus. In contrast, Japan has defined “customer harassment (kasuhara)” more explicitly and established a comprehensive response system through cooperation among the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Consumer Affairs Agency, and local governments. Based on these findings, the study proposes four policy directions for Korea: (1) clarifying the legal definition and classification of customer harassment, (2) linking labor and consumer policies to promote responsible consumer behavior, (3) strengthening workplace support and prevention systems, and (4) shifting toward proactive, preventive management through education and public campaigns. These efforts will enable Korea’s response framework to evolve into an inclusive system that integrates labor, consumer, and community perspectives, ultimately fostering a safer and more sustainable service society that balances worker dignity with consumer responsibility.

In Europe, regulating the details of technology at the legal level has been a difficult area, and legal discussions on science and technology have been relatively inactive. This situation was similar in Korea. However, this environment has recently changed, particularly in the EU. As the number of machines (products) utilizing technologies like AI increases, humans are enjoying a wealth of convenience. However, ensuring safety for this convenience cannot be taken lightly. In this sense, the content of MR is significant. The meaning of MR in terms of ensuring consumer safety for robots can be summarized in formal and practical terms as follows. From a practical perspective, MR can serve as a basic law for regulating the safety of smart robots. In other words, it is a regulation that considers the interrelationship between humans and robots and contributes to their mutual prosperity. However, there is criticism that MR lacks detailed regulations to ensure consumer safety. While MR is the first step toward ensuring consumer safety in smart robots, continued efforts to ensure robot safety are essential. We must continuously monitor these regulatory changes and prepare safety regulations for our smart robots.

Since the advent of Chat GPT at the end of 2022, the development of generative AI technology has been progressing rapidly, and various services based on artificial intelligence technology such as Legal Tech, AI Chatbot, AI Healthcare, and AI EduTech have appeared one by one, and artificial intelligence is deeply permeating our lives. We are living in an era of uncertainty with advanced science and technology that develops day by day, and the ripple effect of the development and dissemination of artificial intelligence(AI) is developing into a situation that is very difficult to imagine. It is necessary to seriously consider and discuss how artificial intelligence(AI) will affect our lives and what uncertain risks will arise in consumer safety. The EU's leading legislative enactment of AI laws marks the beginning of strengthening and standardizing legal regulations on AI systems worldwide, and it is natural for various countries to establish and promote their own AI regulatory policies by referring to EU legislative regulations. It is necessary to comprehensively review and analyze AI-related bills being legislated in the 22nd National Assembly to enact AI basic laws by reflecting laws, administrative orders, and guidelines of advanced countries such as the United States and the EU that have already enacted comprehensive AI basic laws.

최근 들어 중국 내 상업 스포츠 시설에서의 안전사고가 빈발하고 있음은 스포츠 시설의 안전관리 체계에 문제가 있음을 보여주는 것이라 할 수 있으며, 이는 국가적으로 추진중인 “건강한 중국” 만들기에 악영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중국 내 상업 스포츠 시설의 위험 요인을 분석하고 개선 방안을 제시함으로써 중국인들이 보다 안전한 환 경에서 건강을 추구할 수 있도록 하는데 목적이 있으며, 문헌 연구와 전문가 인터뷰 및 논리 분석법을 통해 다음의 연구 결과를 얻었다. 중국 내 상업 스포츠 시설의 안전관리에 많은 문제점이 발견되었는데 첫째, 스포츠 시설의 건설 시 안전 관리 규정의 미비 및 미준수, 둘째, 스포츠 시설 관리자의 안전관리에 대한 인식의 부족, 셋째, 스포츠 시설 안전관리 시 스템의 부재, 넷쩨, 관리자와 이용자의 안전 교육 부족에 따른 안전 사고 발생 시 대응 능력 미비 등으로 나타났다. 이러 한 문제점들을 개선하기 위해서는 첫째, 체육 시설 건설이나 설치와 관련된 안전 관련 규정의 법제화 및 시행, 둘째, 스포 츠 시설 내 안전 관리 시스템의 개선, 셋째, 스포츠 시설의 전반적인 관리 시스템의 체계화, 넷째, 스포츠 시설 관리자와 이용자에 대한 안전 교육 실시 등을 실시해야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study analyzed factors influencing the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in fashion designers and examined differences in these stress factors compared to vehicle maintenance workers. This study sought to comprehensively address the issue of musculoskeletal disorders through a variety of approaches. Using a risk score prediction table based on a questionnaire developed, we examined physical stress. Furthermore, we examined differences in mental stress across occupations using the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency's Korean Job Stress Survey. Furthermore, we examined work environment stress issues using the US Z365 assessment tool scores and assessed the level of job stress using the Job Stress Index (JSI). The results of this study reveal that, first, physical stress factors were less different from those of vehicle maintenance workers. Second, mental stress factors differed between fashion designers and vehicle maintenance workers, with fashion designers experiencing higher levels of mental stress than vehicle maintenance workers. Third, there were differences in work-related stress factors between fashion designers and vehicle maintenance workers. Fashion designers were burdened by fixed working postures, and effective measures to reduce this burden were needed. Fourth, there were differences in job stress (JSI) between fashion designers and vehicle maintenance workers. Fifth, fashion designers experienced the greatest burden of mental stress among the various stress factors, suggesting that mental stress may play a significant role in the resulting musculoskeletal disorders.

This study explores the development of programs to ensure tourist safety in marine tourism, focusing on case studies. It introduces examples of hands-on experiential education, virtual reality (VR) education, and intelligent safety accident prevention services, and compares their effects on tourists' safety awareness, satisfaction, intention to revisit, and accident prevention. The results indicate that hands-on experiences are effective in enhancing behavioral skills, VR education excels in cognitive learning and engagement, and intelligent services are strong in preventing on-site accidents. Accordingly, the study presents a manual for operating experiential programs in fishing villages, suggesting that combining a hybrid curriculum with a data-driven safety management system is the most effective direction for program development.

Holographic performances have emerged as a novel form of immersive entertainment, offering audiences lifelike visual experiences without the physical presence of performers. However, this technology introduces unique safety challenges due to the interplay of visual immersion, audience perception, and stage structure. This study investigates the impact of visual and spatial characteristics of holographic performances on audience safety and provides strategies for risk mitigation. The research analyzes the technical components of holographic stages, including Pepper’s ghost projection, LED screens, lighting, and stage architecture, and examines how these factors influence audience perception and movement patterns. Five key scenarios are identified where safety risks may arise: misperception of hologram positions, reduced visibility due to lighting effects, sudden body movements induced by immersion, movement-related hazards during audience recording, and impaired visibility of emergency exits. Based on these analyses, this study proposes comprehensive safety management measures, including optimized audience flow design, hazard marking, real-time monitoring of equipment, and integrated operational protocols. The findings highlight the necessity of considering audience perception, stage layout, and technological factors collectively to enhance safety in holographic performances. In conclusion, ensuring audience safety in holographic performances requires a holistic approach that integrates visual, spatial, and operational elements, contributing to sustainable and secure immersive entertainment experiences.

식품 안전에 대한 관심은 인류 역사와 함께해 왔다. 새로운 질병과 바이러스가 발생하고 건강에 대한 관심이 높아 짐에 따라 소비자들의 안전한 식품에 대한 요구는 더욱 강해지고 있다. 이러한 소비자 요구에 부응하기 위해 다양한 인증 제도와 평가 프로그램이 마련되어 있으며, 일본 후생노동성은 2021년 6월 1일부로 기존 법적 의무 사항이 아니었던 코 덱스 HACCP(7대 원칙/12단계) 요건을 간소화하고 소규모 식품 사업장의 준수 부담을 경감하는 데 중점을 둔 'HACCP 를 고려한 위생 관리 기준'을 제정 및 시행하였다. 본 연구는 일본 후생노동성의 'HACCP를 고려한 위생 관리 기준'을 적 용하여 중소규모 식품 사업장에 적합한 '식품 안전 위험 관리 HACCP 평가 프로그램'을 개발하였다. 코덱스 HACCP 지 침을 식품안전시스템 요구사항으로 전환하고, ISO 경영시스템과의 통합을 위한 경영시스템 원칙을 해당 부처의 입법 목 적에 부합하도록 반영하였다.