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본고는 코로나19로 인해 변화한 배구선수 인터뷰의 유형을 유사 비대 면 인터뷰로 분류하고 기존 인터뷰와의 비교를 통해 유사 비대면 인터뷰 의 특징을 분석하였다. 인터뷰의 유형 분류에 따르면 코로나19 이전의 배 구선수 인터뷰는 보도용 인터뷰, 대면 인터뷰, 1:1 인터뷰에, 코로나19 이 후 배구선수 인터뷰는 보도용 인터뷰, 유사 비대면 인터뷰, 2:1 인터뷰에 해당한다. ‘유사 비대면 인터뷰’란 서로의 얼굴을 볼 수 있다는 점에서 비 대면 인터뷰와 차이를 보이지만 의사소통 방식이 비대면 인터뷰와 유사 한 새로운 유형의 인터뷰를 말한다. 인터뷰 구조에서의 유사 비대면 인터 뷰의 특징은 첫째, 시작 단계에서 인사하기 언어 행위가 생략되지 않는다. 둘째, 대면 인터뷰의 전개 단계에서는 나타나지 않았던 새로운 유형의 질 문이 나타난다. 셋째, 대면 인터뷰의 종결 단계에서는 나타나지 않았던 인 터뷰어의 감사하기 언어 행위가 나타난다. 인터뷰 참여자들의 발화 행위에서의 유사 비대면 인터뷰의 특징으로는 담화표지의 빈번한 사용, 빈번 한 말 겹침, 빈번한 질문의 재요청과 재질문하기, 답변에 대한 후속 질문 하기가 나타난다.

The purpose of this research is to classify the type of volleyball players interviews that have changed due to COVID-19 into quasi non-face-to-face interviews and analyze their characteristics through comparison with face-to-face interviews. Volleyball players interviews after COVID-19 come under report interviews, quasi non-face-to-face interviews, and 2:1 interviews. Quasi non-face-to-face interviews refers to a new type of interviews that differ from non-face-to-face interviews in that they can see each other’s faces, but their communication methods are similar to non-face-to-face interviews. The characteristics of quasi non-face-to-face interviews are that: first, greetings are not omitted in the beginning, second, the appearance of new types of questions that did not appear in the development of face-to-face interviews, third, the presence of thanking speech acts of the interviewer, which did not appear at the conclusion of face-to-face interviews. Characteristics of interview participants’ utterance in quasi non-face-to-face interviews include frequent usage of the discourse marker, simultaneous speech, recall of questions and follow-up questions about answers.

본 연구는 일본어에 나타난 일본인의 논리구조에 대해 고찰한 것으로 향후 진 행할 연구의 기초자료로서의 성격을 갖는다. 논리가 思考의 형식과 법칙을 의미 한다고 했을 때 인사말과 호칭 등 일상생활에서 자주 사용하는 말이나 어휘, 경 어 등의 개별 단어나 인간관계의 관련표현에 나타난 일본인의 논리구조를 살펴 볼 필요가 있다. 그 밖에 수수표현, 수동표현, 사역표현 등의 어법에도 일본인 특 유의 논리구조가 작용하고 있을 것으로 판단한다. 이러한 일련의 연구결과는 상 호문화이해의 관점에서 일본인의 행동양식을 이해하는데 많은 도움이 되리라 생각한다.

This study is based on a review of the Japanese logic structure shown in the Japanese language and has the characteristics as the basic data for future research. When we say that logic refers to the form and law of THOUGHT, we need to look at the logic structure of the Japanese in terms of individual words, polite expressions, related to human relations, such as words, vocabulary, and words that are often used in everyday life, such as greeting and calling. Other words such as “Receive” and “Passive” and “Causative” are believed to have a unique Japanese logic. I think this series of research results will help us understand the Japanese way of doing things in terms of mutual cultural understanding.

본 연구는 드라마 말뭉치를 분석함으로써 ‘부탁’ 관련 표현에 대한 화용적 의미를 대체로 인사말, 부탁, 요구, 명령 네 가지 기능으로 나누었다. 이 분석 결과를 바탕으로 한국인 30명과 외국인 학습자 30명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 통함으로써 ‘부탁’ 관련 표현의 화용적 의미에 대한 한국인 및 외국인 학습자의 인식 차이를 알아보았는데 설문 조사의 결과로 한국어 학습자들이 인사말 기능이나 부탁 및 요구 기능을 구별하는 데에 어려움을 겪고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 점으로부터 미루어 보아 한국어 교육 현장에서 학습자들에게 ‘부탁’ 관련 표현을 가르칠 때에 언어적 지식뿐만 아니라 한국 관련의 문화 정서 및 이 표현들의 사용 방법과 각 언어권에 대응하는 표현들을 서로 대조하면서 교육시키는 방법이 낫다고 생각한다.

This study mainly classifies pragmatic meanings of the relevant expressions of “butak” into four functions by analyzing a drama corpus. A study was conducted, based on the results of the drama corpus analysis, surveying 30 native Korean speakers and 30 Korean learners to reveal the cognitive differences of the expression. The survey results showed that Korean learners could not recognize the greeting function well and had difficulty distinguishing between the request and demand functions. Consequently, when Korean teachers teach Korean, they should not only teach the relevant linguistic knowledge of this expression but also the cultural context. Furthermore, Korean teachers should compare related Korean culture with students’ own cultures and languages.

This study aims to analyze the Korean greeting expressions in daily life in Korea. In particular, this study focuses on meeting situations and departing situations in daily conversations among Korean people. In general, the communication between humans includes verbal communication and nonverbal communication. This study considers sociolinguistic features in each type based on generation and gender differences. Although general trend could be identified through the analysis or real conversation situations, more research can be necessary to find additional features of korean greeting expressions in special situations.

이 논문에서는 동년배 청년 남성이 영화관에서 만난 경우라는 동일 맥락을 설 정하고 화자, 청자의 친소 관계를 변수로, 한국어 인사 표현의 빈도와 구어적 특 징을 반영한 한국어 대화 패턴을 도출하고 그에 대응하는 중국어와 일본어 인사 대화 패턴을 비교하였다. 한중일 모두 시작-전개-종결의 인사 대화 구조를 가지 고 있는데, 시작부의 대화는 ‘담화표지-호명-전형적 인사말’의 순서로 나타나며 전개부에서는 묻고 답하기 기능을 중심으로 한 n개 이상의 화제가 등장하고 종 결부는 다음 만남을 기약하는 말이나 전형적 인사말로 끝나는 것이 공통점이었다. 화자와 청자가 친밀한 관계인 경우, 담화 표지가 더 많이 사용되고 시작부의 호칭어가 생략되거나 2인칭 대명사로 교체될 수 있고 전형적 인사말은 사용되지 않는 것이 보통이다. ‘친밀함’은 전개부에 등장하는 화제의 수와 내용에도 영향을 미친다. 보통 사이에서는 화제가 생략되어도 무방하나 친밀한 사이에서는 개인 적인 질문이 여러번 나타날 수 있다. 친밀한 관계에서는 종결부에 약속, 명령, 청 유 등 다음 만남을 기약하는 화행이 등장하는 반면 보통의 관계에서는 의례적 인 사말로 종결되는 경우가 많다. 본고의 연구 결과는 다국어 비교 화용론, L2 교육, AI 챗봇 성능 향상 등의 연구 분야에 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

In this paper, we set the same context as when two young men of similar age chance encountered at a movie theater, using the relationship between the speaker and the listener as a variable, and then derived a Korean conversation pattern that reflected the frequency and colloquial characteristics of Korean greeting expressions. Base on this induction, we compared Chinese and Japanese greeting conversation patterns. The greeting conversations of Korea, China, and Japan have the same dialogue structure as ‘start-development- end greeting’. The dialogue at the beginning appears in the order of ‘discourse marker-calling name-typical greeting’. In the development section, more than n topics appear, focusing on the question-and-answer function. In the ending part, they always say ‘look forward to seeing you again’, or other typical farewell words. It was what Korea-China-Japan greeting conversation had in common. The Friendly relationship variable determines the type of language expression or has an effect on whether to omit a specific language expression. If the speaker and the listener are in a close relationship, the discourse marker is used frequently, and their names at the beginning can be omitted or replaced by a second-person pronoun, and typical greetings are not used. Intimacy also affects the numbers and content of topics appearing in the development part. The talking topics can be omitted in normal relationships. But personal issues may appear several times in close relationships. In the ending part of the dialogue, there are more speech acts such as appointments, commands, and requests in close relationships. While in ordinary relationships, it usually ends with ceremonial greetings. The results of this paper can be used as basic data in research fields such as multilingual comparative pragmatics, L2 education, and chatbot performance improvement.

筆者는 여러 해째 簡札을 대상으로 一連의 國語學的硏究를 진행하고 있으며 이 硏究는 그 一環으로서 [安否人事]의 類型化를 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 近代國語時期(16世紀-19世紀)의 漢文簡札과 한글簡札을 대상으 로 [安否人事]를 形式的類型과 意味的類型으로 나누어 分析하였다. [安否人事]의 形式的類型은 定置與否, 省略與否, 寄狀與否, 尊卑與否 를 기준으로 나눌 수 있다. 定置與否를 제1기준으로, 省略與否를 제2기준 으로 삼아 다섯 가지로 유형화하였다. [安否人事]의 典型性이 가장 잘 드러난 定置型이면서 完成型을 第1類型으로 삼았다. 定置型이면서 自己 安否省略型을 第2類型으로, 定置型이면서 相對安否省略型을 第3類型으 로, 定置型이면서 安否人事省略型을 第4類型으로 삼았다. [安否人事]에 서 破格이 가장 심한 倒置型을 第5類型으로 삼았다. 第1類型은 [相對安否]가 [自己安否]에 先行하는 定置型이면서 意味 要素가 온전한 完成型을 가리킨다. 이 유형은 [安否人事]의 모든 構成 要素를 갖췄다는 점에서 가장 典型的이며 規範的이라 할 수 있다. 第2類 型은 [安否人事]가 [相對安否]로만 이루어진 것이다. 定型性에서는 第1 類型보다 덜하지만 出現頻度에서는 큰 차이가 없는 유형이다. [相對安 否]를 충실히 묻되, [自己安否]는 생략하는 것이 예의에 크게 어긋나지 않으면서 간찰을 쉽게 쓸 수 있기 때문에 활용된다. 第3類型은 [相對安 否+自己安否]의 구성을 보이는 定置型이지만 [相對安否]가 생략된 유 형을 가리킨다. 第4類型은 [相對安否+自己安否]의 구성을 보이는 定置 型이지만 [安否人事] 전체가 생략된 유형이다. 이 유형은 [安否人事] 자체를 완전히 생략한 경우와 ‘除煩’과 같은 상투적인 표현이 [安否人 事]를 대신하는 경우로 나뉜다. 第5類型은 定置型과 달리 [自己安否+相 對安否]의 구성을 보이는 倒置型이다. 이 유형은 定型性에서 破格이 가 장 심한 유형으로 實例도 아주 드물다. [自己安否]를 앞세우고 나중에 체면치레로 [相對安否]를 묻는 것은 예의에 어긋나기 때문이다. 이 외 에 [安否人事] 유형을 [相對安否]와 [自己安否]가 직접 연결된 直接型 과 [事緣]으로 분리된 間接型으로 大別하여 세분할 수도 있다. [安否人事]의 意味的類型은 寄狀與否, 緩急與否, 親密與否, 隔阻與否 를 기준으로 나눌 수 있다. 寄狀의 경우 [安否人事]는 [相對安否(時候+ 問安+心境)+自己安否(狀況+安否+心境)]의 구성을 보인다. [相對安否] 에서 [時候]는 [季節] 정보와 [氣象(날씨)] 정보로 細分할 수 있고, [心 境] 또한 受信者의 [家族安否心境]과 [個人安否心境]으로 나뉜다. [自己安否]에서 [狀況]은 受信者의 종래 상황인 [近況]과 受信者의 현 재 상황인 [現況]으로 나뉘며 [問安] 또한 受信者의 [家族問安]와 [個 人問安]으로, [安否]는 [家族安否]와 [個人安否]로 細分할 수 있다. 이 처럼 [問安]이나 [安否]가 [家族]과 [個人] 차원에서 짝을 이루어 쓰일 때가 많은데 父母나 祖父母를 모시고 사는 層層侍下의 大家族制度에서 비롯한 현상이라 할 수 있다. 答狀의 경우 [安否人事]는 [相對安否(受信+安否+心境)+自己安否(狀 況+安否+心境)]의 구성을 보며 [相對安否]에서만 의미구성이 寄狀과 차이가 있다. [相對安否]에서 [受信]은 직접 간찰을 받는 [書信]과 사 람들 통해 소식을 전해 듣는 [傳言]으로 나뉘며 [安否]는 [家族安否] 와 [個人安否]로, [心境] 역시 [家族安否心境]과 [個人安否心境]으 로 나뉜다.

I am working on a series of Korean linguistic studies targeting Ganchal(old typed letters in Korea) for many years and this study is for the typology of the [Safety Expression] as the part. For this purpose, [Safety Expression] were divided into a formal types and semantic types, targeting the Chinese Ganchal and Hangul Ganchal of modern Korean Language time(16th century-19th century). Formal types can be divided based on whether Normal position or not, whether Omission or not, whether the Sending letter or not, whether the relationship of the high and the low or not. Normal position form and completion were made the first type which reveal well the typicality of the [Safety Expression]. Original position while [Own Safety] omitted as the second type, while Original position while [Opposite Safety] omitted as the third type, Original position while [Safety Expression] omitted as the fourth type. Inversion type were made as the fifth type which is the most severe solecism in [Safety Expression]. The first type is refers to Original position type that [Opposite Safety] precede the [Own Safety] and the completion type that is full of semantic element. This type can be referred to most typical and normative in that it equipped all components of [Safety Expression]. A second type is that [Safety Expression] is composed of only the [Opposite Safety]. This type is inferior to the first type in terms of set pattern, it is never outdone when it comes to the appearance frequency. Because asking [Opposite Safety] faithfully, omitting [Own Safety] dose not greatly deviate politeness and easy to write Ganchal, it is utilized. The third type is the Original position type showing the configuration of the [Opposite Safety]+Own Safety], but [Opposite Safety] is omitted. The fourth type is a Original position type showing configuration of the [Opposite Safety+Own Safety], but [Safety Expression] is omitted. This type is divided into A ; [Safety Expression] is entirely omitted and B ; such as 'saving trouble', the conventional expression, replace [Safety Expression]. The fifth type is inversion type that shown to structure of the [Own Safety+Opposite Safety], unlike the Original position type. This type is the most severe solecism type and real example is very rare. It is because let leading [Own Safety] and ask later [Opposite Safety] for face save is offend against common decency. In addition, it can be divided into the direct type that [Opposite Safety] and [Own Safety] is directly connected and indirect type that separate into the [story]. The semantic types of [Safety Expression] can be classified based on whether Sending letter or not, fast or slow, whether intimate or not, and isolation or not. For Sending letter, [Safety Expression] consists [Opposite Safety(Climate+Inquiry after health+Mental state)+Own safety(status+Inquiry after health+Mental state)]. At [Opposite safety], [Climate] could be subdivided as [Season] information and [Climate(weather)] information. Also, [Mental state] is divided as receiver's [Family Safety Mental state] and [Individual Safety Mental state]. In [Own Safety], [Status] is divided as receiver's traditional situation; [Recent condition] and receiver's ongoing situation; [Present condition]. [Inquiry after health] is also subdivided as receiver's [Family Safety] and [Individual Safety], [Safety] is as [Family Safety] and [Individual Safety]. Likewise, [Inquiry after health] or [Safety] is usually used as pairs, in dimension of [Family] and [Individual]. This phenomenon seems to have occurred from a big family system, which is defined as taking care of one's parents or grand parents. As for the Written Reply, [Safety Expression] consists [Opposite Safety (Reception+Inquiry after health+Mental state)+Own safety(status+Inquiry after health+Mental state)], and only in [Opposite safety], a difference in semantic structure happens with Sending letter. In [Opposite Safety], [Reception] is divided as [Letter] which is Ganchal that is directly received and [Message], which is news that is received indirectly from people. [Safety] is as [Family Safety] and [Individual Safety], [Mental state] also as [Family Safety Mental state] and [Individual Safety Mental state].

본고는 17세기후반에서 19세기후반까지의 漢文簡札을 대상으로 安否人事를 類型化하는 데 목적이 있다. 간찰의 핵심요 소인 安否人事는 相對安否와 自己安否란 構成要素로 이루어지는데, 간찰의 성격이 寄狀이냐 答狀이냐에 따라 구성요소 의 下位成分이 달라진다. 寄狀에서 상대안부는 [時候+問安+心境]으로. 자기안부는 [狀況+安否+心境]으로 구성되며, 答 狀에서는 자기안부는 차이가 없으나, 상대안부가 [狀況+受信+心境]으로 구성된다는 점이 다르다. 안부인사의 유형은 構成의 方式, 構成要素의 省略 與否, 寄狀과 答狀의 與否, 發信者와 受信者의 尊卑關係 등을 기준으로 類型化하였다. 類型化의 제1기준은 構成方式의 定型性 與否로 삼았다. 定型性의 檢證은 安否人事의 基本構成인 [相對安否+自己安否] 의 排列順序와 構成要素의 省略與否를 통해 파악하였다. 이 기준을 적용하여 [相對安否+自己安否]를 제1유형, [安否人 事 省略]을 제4유형, [自己安否+相對安否]를 제5유형으로 분류하였다. 類型化의 제2기준은 구성의 出現頻度로 삼아 [ 相對安否+自己安否 省略]을 제2유형, [相對安否 省略+自己安否]를 제3유형으로 분류하였다. [相對安否+自己安否 省略 ] 구성이 [相對安否 省略+自己安否] 구성보다 出現頻度가 현격하게 높았기 때문이다. 또한 安否人事의 構成方式과 省略 與否에 따라 1단계의 5가지 유형, 寄狀과 答狀 여부에 따라 2단계의 10가지 유형, 發 信者와 受信者의 尊卑關係에 따라 3단계의 20가지 유형으로 나누었다. 寄狀에서 상대안부는 [時候+問安+心境]으로, 자 기안부는 [狀況+安否+心境]으로 구성되며, 答狀에서는 자기안부는 차이가 없으나 상대안부가 [狀況+受信+心境]으로 구성된다는 점이 달랐다. 구성의 정형성을 기준으로 할 때 제1유형, 제2유형, 제3유형은 正格에 해당하고 제4유형, 제5 유형은 破格에 해당한다. 하지만 출현빈도를 기준으로 하면 제3유형과 제5유형이 가장 낮다. 이 두 유형은 예의를 갖추 지 않아도 무방한 상황에서 尊者가 卑者에게 보내는 간찰에 간혹 보일 뿐이다.

This paper aims to stereotype Safety Expression for the Chinese Ganchal (old typed letters in Korea) in the second half of the 17th century until the late 19th century. Safety Expression which is the key element of Ganchal consist of Opposite Safety and Own Safety, I stereotyped it into with format, omit, Sending letter, the relationship of the high and the low of Sender and Receiver. The first standard of Stereotyping is a set pattern of format. Verification of the set pattern is identified through the sequence of [Opposite Safety+Own Safety] which is the basic composition of the Safety Expression and the possibility of omitting the components. By applying this criterion, [Opposite Safety+Own Safety] to the first type, [Safety Expression omitted] a fourth type, [Own Safety+Opposite Safety] were classified into the fifth. The second standard of Stereotyping is the frequency in use the components. [Opposite Safety+Safety Expression omitted] the second type, [Opposite Safety omitted+Own Safety] was classified as the third type because [Opposite Safety+Safety Expression omitted] configuration is significantly higher than the appearance frequency of [Opposite Safety omitted+Own Safety]. Also, depending the configuration and omission of Safety Expression; I divided it into step 1 of the 5 types, depending on the Sending letter and the Answer letter; step 2 of the 10 types, depending on the relationship between sender and receiver; step 3 of the 20 types. In Sending letter, Opposite Safety consist of [climate+an inquiry after health+mental state] and Own Safety consist of [situation+an inquiry after health+mental state]. In Answering letter, the latter is same but the former differ in that it consist of [situation+reception+mental state]. Based on a set pattern of configuration, the first type, the second type and the third type correspond to the nominal, and the fourth type and the fifth type is equivalent to the anacoluthon. However, when based on the appearance frequency, the third and the fifth type is the lowest. The two types of cases in situations is occasionally appear in Ganchal where upper one sends to lower one when they don't have to show every civility each other.

1747년 4월 9일부터 7월 1일까지 벌어진 통신사 사행절목 강정을 둘러싼 조선의 왜학역관과 쓰시마의 차왜 간의 치열한 교섭 상황을 한국 및 일본 사료를 면밀히 살피며 고찰하였다. 사행절목 강정의 개관을 기록한 『증정교린지』에는 ‘구관백전(舊關白前) 예단 및 배례’ 건이 처음에는 조정으로부터 전례가 없다고 거부당했으나 ‘결국 특교로’ 시행되게 되었다고 기록되어 있다. ‘결국’이라는 말에 단순하지 않은 강정 과정이 있었을 것으로 의심을 갖게 되어 『조선왕조실록』, 『통신사등록』, 『비변사등록』, 일본의 대마도종가문서 『신사기록』을 살폈다. 『통신사등록』을 보면, 통신사청래차왜가 다례 날(4월 9일)에 차비역관 신영래에게 전달한 절목은 일본 막부나 쓰시마 도주의 뜻과 다르게 차왜가 임의로 작성한 것이라고 영조가 단언할 정도로, 처음에는 절목 속의 구관백전 예단 및 배례를 거부한다. 5월 12일에 통신사 삼사가 구관백은 죽은 것이 아니기에 에도(江戶)에서 대면할 수밖에 없어 이 절목을 허용할 수밖에 없다는 청을 올리자, 허용하되 절목에 넣지 않기로 한다. 『비변사등록』 6월 5일조에는, 구관백은 이미 통신의 의리가 있어 예단 및 배례를 허락하게 되었다는 기록이 있다. 이 소식이 차왜에게 전달된 것이 6월 24일이며, 정식으로 비변사의 관문이 전달된 것은 7월 1일이었다. 왜관에서는 이 5~6월까지의 2개월간에도 구관백전 예단 및 배례를 절목에 넣을 것을 조선에 끊임없이 요구하고 설명했다. 동래의 역관들은 동래부사 및 접위관과 차왜 사이에서, 단순히 언어를 전달할 뿐만 아니라 때로는 동래부사로부터 질책을 받거나 면담도 거절당하기도 하고, 차왜에게 강한 재촉도 받아가며 또 치열한 논쟁도 벌인 모습을 『연향(延享) 신사기록 三』을 통해서 볼 수 있었다.

I scrutinized the Korean and Japanese Historical materials carefully for the situation of intense negotiations between the Officials of Chosun and the Tsushima dealing with devising the rules of Tongshinsa from April 9 to July 1, 1747. It is noted that the 'Gifts and Greeting for Shogun' written in "Jeungjiung Gyorinji", which recorded the overview, was rejected as unprecedented from the Chosen court at first, but eventually came to be implemented with 'Special King's order'. I thought that there was a complicated negotiation process on the word 'eventually', so I looked at "The annals of the Chosen Dynasty", "Tongshinsa Deungnok", "Bibyeonsa Deungnok", and Tsushima Soke Family Document "Shinshi Kiroku". According to "Tongshinsa Deungnok", the King of Chosun asserted that An inviter of Tongshinsa's sentence to Shin, Yong-rae was arbitrarily written by an inviter unlike the Japanese Shogunate or Tsushima master. So Chosun initially rejected the gift ang greeting to old Shogun. Old Shogun is not dead yet, so Tongshinsa have to meet him in Edo. So on May 12, Tongshinsa asked the king that we had to accept this sentence, and then this sentence was allowed, but they decided not to include it in the rule document. "Bibyeonsa Deungnok" on the June 5th record, old Shogun has already recorded a greeting so that Chosun allowed him to send gifts and greeting. This news was delivered to an inviter on June 24, and it was July 1 that Chosun's document was officially delivered. In two months from May to June, An inviter has continuously requested and explained at Waekwan to put the gifts and greeting to old Shogun into roll document. Between the Court of Chosun and the Japanese inviter, Korean interpreters not only conveyed the language, but also received a strong rebuttal from the Court and disputed intensely with japanese inviter on it. We saw it through Soke Family Document "Shinshi Kiroku".

approach. The Language and Culture 7-2, 55-79. This study aims to analyse similarities and differences of greeting expression among Korean native speaker(KNS), Chinese Korean Learner(CKL), and Chinese native speaker(CNS). This research was studied based on the speech-act theory of Searle(1969). SAQ and DCT were conducted in three groups to analyze whether each group has the typical greeting and how greetings are presented by which speech-act in the case when the typical greeting is not used. Both greetings and the greeting-act were examined. It is observed that CNS did not use typical greeting much whereas CKL used it frequently because they don’t know well about proper greetings suitable for situations. There were differences on not only aspects of speech-act used as greetings and the greeting-act among three groups. CNS hardly showed polite greetings such as banding the waist. By comparison with CNS, the polite greetings were presented much more in KNS. It also offered that CKL greeted more polite than KNS. It was likely to show that CKL is on the interlanguage between KNS and CNS on both greetings and the greeting-act. That is why CKL should be educated to greet properly in the situations as KNS. The significance of this study is using a different way from existing research - having studied greetings by analyzing textbooks or CNS’s greeting. In addition, specifically in reference to the Chinese, greetings and the acts performed during, have been thoroughly researched.

본 연구는 재한 중국인 유학생이 직장에서 인사 화행에 관한 양상을 분석하는 목적을 둔다. 기존 연구들이 주 로 ‘고생’ 과 ‘인사’ 의 특정한 표현에만 초점을 집중하고 있거나 교재를 개선하기 위해 맞추었다면, 본 연구는 한국에 유학하고 있는 중국인 유학생의 직장 내 인사 행위를 화행 이론에 근거하여 실현 양상을 분석하고자 하고 한국에 있 는 중국인 유학생이 한국인과 차이점 및 공통점을 밝히기 위해 제기되었다. 화행 이론의 담화 완성형 테스트 (Discourse Completion Test, DCT) 연구방법으로 조사하여 검토 및 분석하고자 한다. 분석 결과를 통해 재한 중국 인 유학생의 인사표현 중요성을 파악하여 효과적인 인사 화행 전략에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

This study is to analyze the aspects of speech acts of greetings in the workplace by Chinese students studying in South Korea. While existing studies have mainly focused on specific expressions of 'hardship' and 'greetings', or have been tailored to improve textbooks, this study aims to analyze the realization patterns of greeting actions in the workplace by Chinese students studying in Korea, based on speech act theory. It seeks to identify the differences and similarities between Chinese students in Korea and Koreans. The method of the Discourse Completion Test (DCT) in speech act theory is used for investigation, review, and analysis. Through the analysis results, this study hopes to understand the importance of greeting expressions among Chinese students in Korea and to help develop effective greeting strategies.

This study classifies the typical types of false promise greeting expressions, reflecting Korean history, culture and racial characteristics, often used by native Korean speakers in diverse discourse settings: situations and contexts. This paper considers sociolinguistic features and language culture of Korean false promise greeting expressions in each type based on generation and gender differences. The false promise greeting expressions of English, Chinese and Japanese were compared with Korean false promise greeting expressions. The comparative analysis of this study can be utilized as Korean semantic and sociolinguistic research materials, besides, it can also be used as an educational resource for Korean pragmatics.

The purpose of this study was to examine cross-cultural variation in greeting speech acts produced by Uzbek EFL learners and American native English speakers. To accomplish this objective, 640 responses collected through a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) across eight situational contexts were analyzed using a component-based framework. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and chi-square tests were conducted to identify group differences in the distribution of greeting components and to examine the influence of sociopragmatic variables on greeting realization. The findings showed that, while both groups relied similarly on Greeting Formulas (GF), significant differences emerged in relational components. Uzbek learners used Politeness Markers (PM), Phatic Inquiries (PI), Contextual References (CR), and Small Talk Extensions (STE) more frequently, whereas American speakers favored Transition Moves (TM), reflecting a more task-oriented interactional style. Social status and formality further shaped component selection across contexts. The results indicate evidence of pragmatic transfer, as Uzbek learners projected L1-based politeness norms into English greetings. These findings contribute to interlanguage pragmatics and suggest the need for explicit instruction targeting context-sensitive greeting strategies in EFL settings.

Greeting in Korean culture. Cultural diversity is reflected in speech activities. This study highlights greetings in Korean culture to explore issues such as what is said and how a greeting is replied during the beginning of a social encounter. As one type of linguistic politeness, greetings are analyzed in relation with two aspects: greeting types and exchange structure. For types, three categories are identified depending on what is said within Laver (1981)’s framework: self-oriented, other-oriented, and neutral category. Among others, other-oriented category is the most preferred as being motivated to express concern toward the other. Recognition of the other is primary in Korean. For structure, this study reveals the interface between exchange structure and social factors. Deeper understanding of language use is not simply limited to utterances; it needs to be considered from discourse level. The choice of replies indicates types of social relationships between the two speakers. For methodology, greetings are viewed as naturally-occurring in diverse aspects of context. Observational data contribute to reflect the contemporary use of language. Keywords: politeness, greetings, Korean, social status, culture

This research was done in three groups KNS(Korean Native Speakers), IKL(Indian Korean Learners) and INS(Indian Native Speakers) in order to understand the similarities and differences between KNS and IKl about first greeting speech act. INS participants were included in order to understand the mother language influence to IKL while learning the foreign language. In each of the three groups there were 20 participants who were studying in Jawaharlal Nehru University(JNU). the IKL participants were selected based on topic level 3-5. Most of these participants were undergraduate or graduate students and theirs age were between 20s-30s. Present researched was conducted in the form of DCT (Discourse Completion Tests)under the different circumstances in the questionnaire based on previous researched which was in the written form. After the materials were collected by DCT, results were analyzed based on the Searle(1976) model analysis. And the similarities and differences between KNS and IKl about first greeting speech act were presented.