Earticle

The purpose of this study is to analyze consumer reviews of the Chinese retail company Temu to understand consumer perceptions of the platform. To achieve this, the study employed topic modeling, a text mining technique, to explore how consumers perceive Temu. A total of 1,897 reviews were collected from the Google App and Google Temu Web. Using frequency analysis, key terms were extracted from consumer reviews to identify important topics, with prominent keywords including delivery, price, product, item and purchase. These findings highlight frequent mentions of delivery, price, and product-related content. The study also examined consumer sentiment toward Temu, identifying positive sentiments such as satisfaction, excellent, and gratitude, and negative sentiments like worst, annoyance, and defect. Topic modeling revealed four main topics. The first topic, labeled “Delivery and Price,” showed that consumers perceive Temu as providing fast delivery and affordable prices, suggesting the effectiveness of Temu's strategy to offer a variety of products at low costs. The second topic, “Advertising and Event Awareness,” indicated consumer recognition of Temu’s friend-invitation events and free product promotions. The third topic, “Purchase and Service,” highlighted consumers’ strong awareness of Temu’s 90-day free return and refund policy. The fourth topic, “App Experience and Customer Response,” reflected concerns about Temu’s Chinese origins and challenges in app usability. This study provides insights by utilizing topic modeling instead of traditional surveys to capture consumer perceptions and analyzing sentiment from post-purchase reviews that express genuine emotional responses. Additionally the study classified consumer sentiments toward Temu as either positive or negative to gain insight into overall consumer attitudes. Practical implications suggest that consumers may experience fatigue from excessive advertising and events, and underscore the need to enhance customer service after purchases. Future research could explore the relationship between topic scores in reviews and consumer ratings of Temu, providing further meaningful insights.

COVID-19 이후 국내는 물론, 전 세계적으로 온라인 교육은 절대적으로 필요하며 대체 불가한 교육 형태가 되었다. 온라인 교육이 급부상 하면서 교육 형태에 대해 사람들이 가지는 인식은 어떠한지, 만약 변화가 있다면 어떻게 변화했는지는 매우 궁금증을 자아내는 질문이다. 본 연구는 온라인 교육에 대한 소비자 인식의 변화 추이를 빅데이터를 활용하여 조사하였다. 이를 위해 코로나 이전(2019년 11월-12월), 코로나 촉발 이후(2020년 1월-2월), 온라인 개강 직후(2020년 3월-4월), 온라인 교육을 일정 정도 경험한 이후(2020년 5월-6월)의 4개의 구간으로 구분하고, 텍스트 마이닝 즉, 키워드 빈도분석, 워드클라우드 분석, 네트워크 분석, 감성 분석을 수행하였다. 시기별로 온라인 교육 관련 키워드의 출현빈도는 코로나 이전에는 학점은행제, 평생교육, 블로그 등에서 코로나 이후 학교 개강이 시작되면서 온라 인 개학, 비대면 교육, 실시간, 콘텐츠 제작, 유튜브 등으로 변화하였다. 감성분석 결과, 코로나 사태 이전에는 공지안내, 정보교류 등의 중립글이 대부분이었으나, 코로나 발생을 계기로 온라인 교육에 대한 사람들의 인식과 평가에 대한 긍정 및 부정의 의견이 논의되기 시작하였다. 또한 미래 온라인 교육시장의 확산과 전망 등 방향성에 대해서도 관심이 증대되 었다. 온라인 교육은 발전가능성이 높은 만큼 앞으로 개선해야 할 부분들이 많겠으나, 교육 정책입안자, 현장에서 일하 는 교육자들에게 온라인 교육 품질 개선 및 향후 나아갈 방향 수립에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

Coinciding with the advent of COVID-19, online education is on the rise both domestically and globally, and has become an absolutely necessary and irreplaceable form of education. It is a very curious question what the perception of people about the suddenly growing form of education is, and how it has changed. This study investigated changes in consumers' perception of online education using big data. To this end, we divided the time into four stages: before COVID-19 (November to December 2019), after the triggering of COVID-19 (January to February 2020), right after the online classes started (March to April 2020), after experiencing some online education (May to June 2020). Then we conducted text mining, namely, keyword frequency analysis, network analysis, word cloud analysis, and sentiment analysis were performed. The implications derived as a result of the analysis can help education policy makers and educators working in the field to improve online education quality and establish its future directions.

본 연구는 럭셔리 패션 브랜드의 콜라보레이션 전략에 대한 소비자 인식을 탐색적으로 고찰하 고, 심층 인터뷰를 통해 소비자 인식 유형을 파악하고 분류하였다. 최근 럭셔리 브랜드의 콜라보레이 션 전략이 단순한 제품 확장을 넘어 브랜드 정체성 및 가치 혁신을 위한 핵심 수단으로 부상하고 있 으나, 이에 대한 소비자의 복합적 인식에 대한 체계적인 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 빅데 이터 분석을 통해 럭셔리 패션 브랜드 콜라보레이션의 트렌드와 주요 현황 및 소비자 인식을 분석하 고, 심층 인터뷰를 통해 소비자의 태도와 구매 의도 및 인식 유형을 도출하였다. 또한, 도출된 인식 체 계와 인식 유형을 기반으로 럭셔리 패션 브랜드 콜라보레이션 전략을 활용하여 차별화된 가치와 인식 을 제공할 수 있는 브랜드 차별화 방안 등의 향후 활용 방향을 제시하였다. 비록 실증 분석은 포함되 어 있지 않지만, 본 연구는 향후 럭셔리 패션 브랜드 콜라보레이션 전략의 활용방안을 제공하며, 향후 브랜드 경쟁 우위를 위한 실무적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study explores consumers' perceptions of collaboration strategies in luxury fashion brands and classifies perception types through in-depth interviews. Collaboration has recently emerged as a crucial means of shaping brand identity and driving value innovation, extending beyond simple product expansion. However, systematic research on the complexity of consumer perceptions regarding these strategies remains limited. To address this gap, the study first employs big data analysis to examine trends, key statuses, and consumer attention toward luxury brand collaborations, providing a data-driven overview of market dynamics. It then incorporates qualitative interviews with consumers and industry experts to generate richer insights, mapping diverse perception systems, responses, and typologies. Based on these findings, the study suggests strategic directions for achieving brand differentiation and enhancing consumer value. Although empirical validation is not included, the research provides theoretical contributions and practical implications for how luxury fashion brands may leverage collaborations to strengthen value perception and sustain competitive advantage.

2024년 대한민국에서 발생한 의료대란은 첨단 의료기술, 특히 인공지능(AI)과 로봇 기반 의료서비스에 대한 사회적 관심을 폭발적으로 증가시키는 계기가 되었다. 그러나 이러한 기술적 진보와 대중의 관심이 비례하는 것은 아니었다. 상당수의 일반 소비자들은 여전히 해당 기술에 대한 정보 접근성이 낮고, 기술적 이해도 또한 제한적인 상황이다. 본 연구는 혁신 의료기술의 대표 사례로 꼽히는 로봇수술을 중심으로, 소비자들이 해당 기술을 어떻게 인식하는지를 심층적으로 탐색하고자 하였다. 연구 방법으로는 유튜브 플랫폼에 게시된 로봇수술 관련 영상의 댓글을 정성적으로 분석하는 방식을 채택하였다. 로봇수술은 높은 수준의 기술력과 전문성을 요구하는 영역으로, 소비자의 인식은 단순히 기능적 이해에 그치지 않고 감정적 반응과도 밀접하게 연결된다. 이를 이론적으로 설명하기 위해 기술수용모형(TAM)과 통합기술수용모형(UTAUT2)을 적용하였다. 분석 결과, 소비자의 반응은 영상의 콘텐츠 유형에 따라 뚜렷한 차이점을 보였다. 실제 환자의 수술 경험을 담은 영상에서는 ‘신뢰’, ‘안도’, ‘감사’와 같은 긍정적 감정이 강하게 나타났고, 반면 제품 소개나 기술 시연 중심의 영상에 대해서는 ‘불안’, ‘의구심’, ‘정보 부족에 대한 우려’와 같은 부정적 감정이 지배적으로 드러났다. 이와 같은 결과는 첨단 의료기술의 수용 여부가 단순히 기술적 효용성이나 정보 전달만으로 결정되지 않으며, 감정적 신뢰와 공감이 결정적인 역할을 한다는 점을 시사한다. 본 연구는 소비자의 직관적이고 감정적인 목소리를 통해 의료서비스 커뮤니케이션 전략 수립과 관련하여 실질적인 시사점을 제공하였으며, 나아가 의료 혁신기술 확산 과정에서 반드시 고려해야 할 감정 기반 수용 메커니즘을 제안하였다.

The 2024 healthcare crisis in South Korea has significantly heightened public attention toward advanced medical technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and robot-assisted services. However, this surge in technological advancement has not been matched by a corresponding increase in consumer understanding or acceptance. Many consumers continue to face limited access to accurate information and possess only a limited understanding of these technologies. Focusing on robotic surgery-a representative case of healthcare innovation-this study explores how consumers perceive and emotionally respond to such advanced medical technologies. Using a qualitative content analysis of user comments posted on YouTube videos related to robotic surgery, the study captures consumers' authentic, spontaneous reactions. Given the highly specialized and technologically intensive nature of robotic surgery, consumer perceptions extend beyond cognitive evaluation and are closely tied to emotional responses. To interpret these perceptions, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) were employed as theoretical frameworks. The analysis reveals distinct patterns based on content type: videos featuring real patient experiences predominantly evoked positive emotions such as trust, gratitude, and relief, whereas videos focusing on product demonstrations or technical explanations triggered negative emotions such as anxiety, skepticism, and concerns about lack of information. These findings suggest that the acceptance of advanced medical technologies depends not solely on functional utility or informational sufficiency but is fundamentally mediated by emotional trust and empathy. This study offers critical insights for healthcare communication strategies and proposes an emotion-driven acceptance mechanism that should be integrated into the broader discourse on the diffusion of healthcare innovations.

Expectations of and interest in mobile businesses through which users can engage in personal, business, and commercial activities anytime and anywhere are rising because of the development of the Internet, the spread of e-commerce, and the dissemination of mobile devices such as mobile phones and PDAs. In this study, people with experience in purchasing products from mobile shopping malls are referred to as consumers of mobile shopping. This study analyzed the factors that affect customer satisfaction and continuous use of mobile shopping. The main findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, immediacy and personalization of mobile shopping service significantly influenced consumers’ trust and confidence in mobile shopping. Second, the currency of mobile shopping information has been shown to affect customer trust. Third, the connectivity of mobile shopping has been shown to affect consumers’ trust in mobile shopping. Fourth, trust and confidence in mobile shopping have been shown to be deeply related to mobile shopping satisfaction. This study is meaningful in that it recognized the actual consumer perception of and attitude toward mobile shopping in the wake of the full-fledged revitalization of domestic mobile shopping in Korea.

Purpose: The application of IoT is finding continuous acceptance in our daily lives, particularly, smart speakers are making life easier and convenient for consumers. This research aims to develop and test an integrated model of factors influencing consumer’s adoption of voice-enabled IoT devices. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the VAM, an integrated voice-enabled IoT device adoption model is proposed. Gender differences on five constructs relating with perceived value (perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, perceived security risk, perceived technicality and perceived cost) was also examined through PLS-MGA technique. The usage experience of consumers was also controlled in the integrated VAM. Findings: Result shows that Perceived-Usefulness, Perceived-Enjoyment and Perceived-Cost have a strong effect on Perceived-Value. However, Perceived-Technicality and Perceived-Security-Risk are non-influential and have no significant effect on PV. Additionally, Perceived-Value and Social-Influence plays a significant role in predicting adoption intention. Gender differences also exist in consumers perception of usefulness, enjoyment and cost. In comparison to the basic value-based adoption model, the integrated model provides more insight on consumers adoption of voice-enabled IoT devices. Originality/value: Using an integrated model, this study is one of the first scholarly attempt at modelling the influential factors for adopting smart speakers i.e., voice-enabled IoT devices, with implications for improved adoption.

협력적 소비(Collaborative consumption)는 재화를 소유하지 않고 필요한 만큼만 빌려 쓰거나 나누어 쓰는 소비방식으로, 경기침체에 대처하고 환경오염 문제를 해결하기 위한 대안으로 등장하였다. 본 연구에서는 협력적 소비를 ‘상품 등을 공유하는 소비활동’으로 정의하였으며, 협력적 소비 유형 중에서도 드림/나눔, 중고거래, 물물교환에 대해 연구를 진행하였다. 이전의 선행연구들과 달리 본 연구에서는 소유와 사용의 관점에서 협력적 소비와 공유경제 서비스의 차이점을 구분하였으며, 온라인 사이트에서 이루어지는 소비자간 거래를 중심으로 네 가지 측면에서 협력적 소비의 특징을 분석하였다. 또한 협력적 소비 참여 행태와 소비자인식을 알아보고, 협력적 소비 참여 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에는 어떠한 것들이 있는지를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 주요 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지난 1년 동안 협력적 소비에 참여한 횟수를 조사한 결과, 협력적 소비를 한 번 이상 경험한 사람은 많지만 이를 꾸준히 실천하고 있는 사람의 비율은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 공유경제를 통해 시장의 규모를 키워나가고 있는 해외 상황과 달리, 국내에서는 협력적 소비가 활성화되기까지 다소 시간이 걸릴 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 협력적 소비에 참여함으로써 발생하는 어려움으로 드림/나눔은 물건의 품질문제가, 중고거래는 신뢰문제가, 물물교환은 정보 부족 문제가 주로 발생하였다. 그러므로 협력적 소비에 대한 소비자들의 참여를 높이기 위해서는 물건의 품질문제, 거래 상대방과의 신뢰문제, 정보 부족 문제 등을 보완할 수 있도록 대책을 마련해야 한다. 셋째, 혜택, 신뢰성, 친환경성에 대한 소비자인식 수준이 협력적 소비 유형별로 다르게 나타났으며, 경험자와 비경험자 사이에서도 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 특히 친환경성은 세 가지 유형에서 모두 높게 인식되고 있는 반면, 신뢰성은 상대적으로 낮게 인식되었다. 이처럼 협력적 소비에 대한 소비자인식 조사는 협력적 소비를 구성하는 여러 유형들의 특성을 보다 명확하게 파악할 수 있도록 도와주며, 기존의 소비자인식을 개선하는데 중요한 근거자료로 활용될 수 있다. 넷째, 응답자들 중 약 90%가 향후 협력적 소비에 참여할 의사가 있으며, 협력적 소비에 대한 경험여부와 혜택, 친환경성에 대한 소비자인식이 참여의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 협력적 소비를 경험한 사람일수록, 혜택과 친환경성에 대한 소비자인식이 높을수록, 협력적 소비에 참여할 의사가 높기 때문에 협력적 소비에 대한 경험과 인식을 긍정적으로 이끌어낼 수 있도록 관련 주체들의 노력이 필요하다.

The term ‘collaborative consumption’ refers to a consuming method in which goods are borrowed and shared instead of being owned, just enough to satisfy consumers’ needs. It has emerged as an alternative way of consumption to cope better in the time of recession and to solve the current pollution problem. In this study, we defined the term ‘collaborative consumption’ as a consumption activity of sharing goods. This study was conducted, focusing on the following three consumption patterns: gifting, trading and bartering. Unlike previous studies, this study classified differences of collaborative consumption and sharing economy service in terms of ownership and utility. Also, focused on transactions between consumers achieved in online sites, this study analyzed the characteristics of collaborative consumption in four aspects: realization of community through networking, trust between trade members, creation of social value and an alternative way of pollution problem. In this study, we investigated consumers’ participation behavior regarding collaborative consumption and their perception about ‘benefit’, ‘reliability’ and ‘environment-friendliness’. Also, we looked into the level of consumers’ intention to participate in collaborative consumption and investigated factors that have influence on it. The results from the study are as follows. First, the percentage of people who said they had experienced collaborative consumption was found to be significantly high. However, when asked about the number of times they engaged in collaborative consumption, the responses were highly concentrated in ‘less than two times’. This means that although there are a significant number of people who have experiences in collaborative consumption, it is still quite lacking. Unlike in many other countries where they are expanding the scale of the market by promoting ‘sharing economy’, it will take time to boost the collaborative consumption in Korea. Second, difficulties confronted in the process of engaging in collaborative consumption are: problems with product quality in gifting and lack of trust among consumers during transaction in trading. As for bartering, problems with lack of information accounted for a large proportion. Thus, to increase participation of consumers about collaborative consumption, we need to draw up measures to complement the quality problem of goods, trust issues between consumers and information shortage problem. Third, the level of consumers’ perception about ‘benefit’, ‘reliability’, and ‘environment-friendliness’ was found to vary in different types that comprise the collaborative consumption. Especially, ‘environment-friendliness’ was recognized highly by all the three types, but recognition of ‘reliability’ was relatively low. This study helps us get a clearer understanding of the characteristics shown in each type of collaborative consumption and it may become an important base data that has potentials to contribute to improving the existing awareness about collaborative consumption. Fourth, about 90 percent of the respondents were willing to participate in collaborative consumption in the future. Also, the level of experience in collaborative consumption and consumers’ perception about ‘benefit’ and ‘environment-friendliness’ were found to have a decisive effect on consumers’ intention to participate in collaborative consumption. Thus, to draw the positive experiences and perceptions on collaborative consumption, related stakeholders’ efforts are needed.

IPTV서비스가 정부주도의 U-IT839 정책에 광대역융합서비스라는 이름으로 선정된 이래 최근 급격한 변화를 겪고 있다. 지난해 말 3년간의 논란 끝에 IPTV법안이 통과된 후 사업자들이 잇달아 상용화 서비스에 들어감으로써 IPTV 상용화시대가 본격화되었다. 본 연구는 IPTV시장을 둘러싼 환경변화가 가속화되는 시점에서 서비스의 성공적인 안착과 활성화를 위해서는 소비자에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 함에 주목하였다. 이에 3,387명에 이르는 이용자와 비이용자를 대상으로 실증분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 IPTV이용경험은 인구통계적 특성, 소비생활태도, 디바이스 기능 및 보유형태, 경쟁미디어 이용행태에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 서비스 이용경험에 따라 즐거움, 용이함, 유용함에 대한 인식의 갭이 확인되었다. 다음으로 이용자와 비이용자를 중심으로 서비스 만족도 및 향후 서비스 가입의향에 영향을 미치는 선ㆍ후행 변수를 규명하여 향후 마케팅전략 수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다. 끝으로 이러한 결과의 이론적 및 실무적 시사점이 논의되고 연구의 한계점과 미래 연구방향이 제시되었다

Recently, multimedia industry has undergone a great change since IPTV service was selected as one of the nation’s promising telecommunication services owing to the Korean Government’s U-IT 839 policy. At the end of last year, the legislative bill for IPTV has passed at last after three years of heated discussion. Service providers have introduced real time IPTV one after another and IPTV age is expected to come starting this year. Unfortunately, despite of service provider’s urgent needs to understand consumers more deeply in order for its successful launching, there is a dearth of good literature examining how consumers perceive IPTV. This study tries to investigate consumers’ perception of IPTV and evaluate their attitudes towards the service in depth using quantitative approach. The result suggests that consumers have a conflicting image of IPTV; a positive image such as fun, new, useful, active and speedy and a negative image such as complicated and inconvenient coexist in consumer’s perception of IPTV. The empirical result from 3,387 participants shows that there is a difference in IPTV subscription rate according to demographic variables, consumption behavior, possessed device type and usage pattern of competing services. Also, there exists a gap between users and non-users in how they perceive IPTV in terms of its fun, ease of use and usefulness. In addition, this study provides a guideline for establishing a marketing strategy for IPTV by examining key factors that influence consumer satisfaction and the likeliness to take up the service. Finally, academic and practical implication is made, limitation is clarified and a direction for further studies is suggested.

목적: 본 연구는 인체에 유해한 대기 오염물질로부터 피부 보호기능을 표방하는 안티폴루션 화장품에 관한 소비자 연구로서, 소비 행동 및 선택속성의 importance-performance analysis (IPA) 분석을 통해 소비자 기반의 안티폴루션 화장품 개발 및 마케팅 활동 을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법: 본 조사에 앞서 표적집단면접(focus group interview, FGI)을 활용한 탐색적 사전조사 로 안티폴루션 화장품의 선택속성 발굴 및 설문 문항을 개발하고, 응답 대상자를 선정하였다. 본 조사에서는 안티폴루션 화장품 고 관여 여성 소비자 174명을 대상으로 안티폴루션 화장품 관련 소비행동과 선택속성에 대한 중요도 및 만족도를 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 빈도분석, 다중빈도분석, 기술통계분석을 실행하였고, 중요도-만족도 간의 차이분석을 위해 대응표본 t-검증을 실시, 이를 IPA matrix로 제시하였다. 결과: 응답자들은 미세먼지로 인한 피부 트러블 증상에 불편함을 느끼고, 이에 적극적으로 대처하기 위 해 안티폴루션 화장품을 소비하는 것으로 나타났다. IPA 분석 결과, 1사분면(유지)에는 기능성 표기, 인지 효능, 기능성 성분 함유, 저자극성 처방, 피부 트러블 없음, 사용감 등의 속성이 배치되었다. 2사분면(과잉)에는 안티폴루션 이외의 추가 기능, 천연 유래 성 분, 3사분면(저순위)에는 제품의 직접적인 마케팅 활동과 연관된 속성들이 배치되었다. 4사분면(중점개선)에는 논코메도제닉, 피부 과 테스트 완료, 가격이 배치되었다. 결론: 최근 안티폴루션 화장품의 시장규모가 빠르게 확대되고 있는 가운데, 소비자가 추구하는 편익을 충족시키는 소비자 기반의 세심한 제품개발전략이 필요하며, 소비자의 기대-만족의 불일치를 최소화하기 위해서는 과학적 근거자료에 기반한 표시•광고 전략이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Purpose: This study examines consumer perception and behavior regarding antipollution cosmetics that claim to protect skin from harmful air pollutants. The findings can be used for product development and marketing of consumer-driven anti-pollution cosmetics. Methods: Prior to the main survey, a focus group interview (FGI) was conducted. The purpose of the FGI was to create survey questionnaires, and to select respondent groups. In the main survey, 174 women who extensively use anti-pollution cosmetics were surveyed regarding their consumption behaviors. The collected data were analyzed for frequency, and technical statistics were produced. A paired t -test was performed to analyze the difference between importance and satisfaction, with the results were presented in an importanceperformance analysis (IPA) matrix. Results: Respondents experienced skin trouble caused by particulate matter and thus consumed anti-pollution cosmetics to cope with such problems. The 1st quadrant in the IPA matrix contains attributes such as functionality claims pertaining to the products, cognitive self-efficacy, functional ingredients, hypoallergenic formulas, testimonies to the fact that no skin trouble was caused, and consumer feelings after using anti-pollution cosmetics. The 2nd quadrant contains, additional functions unrelated to anti-pollution elements and ingredients from natural products. The 3rd quadrant contains attributes related to the marketing factors pertinent to the product. The 4th quadrant includes noncomedogenic, dermatological testing, and prices. Conclusion: Recently, the market for anti-pollution cosmetics has been expanding rapidly. Carefully crafted consumerdriven product development strategies are needed to address consumer benefits. In addition, a strategy for labeling and advertising based on scientific evidence is needed to minimize the mismatch between consumer expectations and their ultimate satisfaction from consuming such products.

目的: 调查消费者对抗污染化妆品的认知和行为，声称可以保护皮肤免受有害空气污染。该研究结果可用作消 费者驱动的抗污染化妆品的产品开发和营销的基础。通过消费行为和可选属性的重要性能分析（importanceperformance analysis，IPA），为基于消费者的抗污染化妆品开发和营销活动提供基础数据。方法: 在这项研 究之前，我们开发了一个可选的抗污染化妆品属性，并使用焦点小组访谈（focus group interview，FGI）进行 了探索性初步调查，开发问卷项目并选择受访者。在这项研究中，调查174名高度参与抗污染化妆品的女性的抗 污染化妆品相关消费行为和可选属性的重要性和满意度。对收集的数据进行频率分析，多频率分析和描述性统 计分析，并进行相应的样本t 检验以分析重要程度和满意度之间的差异并作为IPA矩阵表示。结果: 受访者经历了 由颗粒物质引起的皮肤问题，并且消耗了抗污染化妆品来应对这些问题。IPA基质中的第一象限包含诸如产品的 功能性标记，认知自我效能，含有功能成分，低过敏性配方，无皮肤过敏以及使用感等属性。第二象限包含与 抗污染无关的其他功能和来自天然产品的成分。第三象限包含与产品的营销因素相关的属性。第四象限包括不 致粉刺性，皮肤病学测试和价格。结论: 最近，随着抗污染化妆品的市场规模迅速扩大，有必要制定一种基于消 费者的精细产品开发策略，以满足消费者所追求的利益。为了最大限度地减少消费者的期望和满意度之间的差 异，有必要根据科学证据展示和宣传策略。

전 세계적으로 환경에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 현 시점에서 정부는 항만산업을 환경오염을 유발하는 주요 산업으로 인지하고 이를 개선하기 위한 친환경 항만 정책을 제시하였다. 본 연 구에서는 정부에서 제시한 친환경 항만 정책 중 우리나라 5위 무역항인 평택당진항에 적용되 는 정책을 대상으로 평택당진항 이용자들이 인식하는 정책의 중요도를 평가하였다. 정책의 중요도를 평가하기 위해 AHP기법을 활용하였으며, 주요 항만 이용자인 선사와 하역사 를 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 선사와 하역사 모두 하역시스템과 관련된 친환경 항 만 정책이 타 정책에 비해 효과가 높을 것으로 인식하였고, 세부적으로는 육상전원공급시설 도입과 하역장비의 친환경 연료 교체의 중요도가 높게 평가되었다. 이러한 분석결과에 대해 본 연구에서는 친환경 항만 인프라 확충을 위한 단계적인 실행과 함 께 전후방산업의 적극적인 참여를 위한 대책 마련의 필요성을 주장하였다. 또한 정부의 규제 정책에 대한 기업의 부담이 가중되고 있어 이를 개선하기 위한 세제 혜택 및 자금 지원 방안의 필요성을 제안하였다.

Purpose : The aim of this study is to analyze importance for six eco-friendly port policies that applied to Pyeonataek-Dangjin port by users and suggest implication. Research design, data, methodology : AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique was used for the analysis of the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted on three eco-friendly port policies related to transportation systems and three eco-friendly port policies related to loading and unlading systems for users of Pyeongtaek-Dangjin port. Results : As a result of conducting the AHP analysis based on the responses of the survey, port users recognized that the eco-friendly port policy related to the loading and unloading system is more important than others. In detail, Establishing Alternative Maritime Power supply(AMP) and Supporting Eco-Friendly Fuel Replacement for Port Unloading Equipment are more important and effective than other policies. Conclusions : In order to develop into an eco-friendly port, it suggested that government support for expanding related infrastructure is essential, and tax benefits and funding are needed to support companies' related infrastructure rather than government regulations.

Currently, Mobile-commerce is active around the world, and consumers’ online activities have changed significantly from pc-base to mobile-base. Unlike IT advanced countries such as the United States, which experienced PC-based online commerce (hereafter, PC-commerce) before Mobile-commerce, developing countries such as Vietnam have a relatively short history of PC-commerce. Consumers’ experience with PC-commerce may affect their acceptance and use of Mobile-commerce. In this study, we tried to see if different online commerce histories differently affect consumers’ online purchasing behavior. We selected the United States and Vietnam, with longer PC-commerce experience and shorter one, respectively. Data were collected for the following four groups: 1) the U.S. PC-commerce (n=256), 2) the U.S. Mobile-commerce (n=283), 3) the Vietnamese PC-commerce (n=159), and 4) the Vietnamese Mobile-commerce (n=225). As results, it was first confirmed that different e-commerce histories in developed and developing countries make the online shopping process different. Second, navigability has a huge impact on consumers’ decision support satisfaction in Vietnam where PC-commerce history is shorter. Third, we identified that pre-purchase phase is more related with decision support satisfaction and that purchase phase is more related with task support satisfaction.

목적: 반영구화장 서비스의 사회적 인식을 조사하고 서비스 개선의 필요성과 방안을 제시하여, 안전하게 시술 받을 수 있는 환경에 기여하기 위하여 전문적인 기술과 법적 규제와 윤리 기준을 준수할 수 있는 전문가를 양성하며 반영구화장 시장의 활성화 및 성장 의 발판을 할 수 있는지 파악하고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구는 10대-60대 이상인 남녀를 대상으로 반영구화장직무가 소비자 인식과 흐 름에 미치는 영향을 설문으로 조사하였다. SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석(frequency analysis)과 피어슨 상관관계분석 (Person correlation analysis)을 하였고 타당성 및 신뢰도 검증을 위한 요인분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 반영구화장은 성별, 연령, 직 업, 소득에 상관없이 많은 시술을 받고 있고 받고 싶어하였고, 서비스의 주체인 소비자들은 반영구화장이 의료법에 저촉이 되고 인 지하고 있음에도 불구하고 비의료인(반영구 전문가, 미용인)에게 시술을 받으면서 위생부분이 중요하다 생각하고 있으며 처리과정 과 시술이 위생적이게 지켜질 경우 비의료인(반영구 전문가, 미용인)에게 시술을 받고 싶다고 하였다. 결론: 반영구화장 산업의 신 뢰확보를 위하여 전문적인 기술과 함께 법적 규제와 윤리 기준을 준수하여 전문가를 양성한다면, 반영구 시장의 혼란을 막고 미용 시장의 활성화 및 성장의 발판을 통해 일자리 창출은 물론 미용산업의 발전과 더불어 국가산업의 발전에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the social perception of the semi-permanent make-up (SPM) services and identify the needs to improve the services. It aims to propose actionable solutions to create a safer environment for consumers to receive SPM services. This includes fostering professionals who would adhere to advanced technical standards, legal regulations, and ethical guidelines. Additionally, the study seeks to evaluate whether these efforts may contribute to the revitalization and growth of the SPM industry, and lay the groundwork for its sustainable development. Methods: This study conducted a survey targeting men and women aged from their teens to over 60s to examine the impact of SPM practices on consumer perceptions and trends. The data collected was analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 software. The frequency analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to validate and ensure the reliability of the survey’s perceptions of the SPM. Additionally, a factor analysis was conducted to confirm the validity and reliability of the findings. Results: The study found that individuals, regardless of their gender, age, occupation, or income, frequently received SPM services or expressed the desire to receive them. Despite the customers being aware that the SPM practices might conflict with medical laws, the consumers continue to seek services from nonmedical practitioners (SPM, specialists or beauty professionals). Hygiene was highlighted as a critical factor, with the respondents indicating their willingness to receive treatments from the nonmedical practitioners if the procedures were conducted hygienically. Conclusion: To establish trust within the SPM industry, it is essential to train professionals who possess advanced technical skills and adhere to legal regulations and ethical standards. This approach may prevent confusion in the SPM market, foster growth and revitalization of the beauty industry, and contribute to job creation. Furthermore, these efforts are expected to enhance the development of the beauty sector and make a meaningful contribution to the national industrial progress.

目的: 本研究的目的是调查社会对半永久化妆(SPM)服务的看法，并确定改进服务的需求。它旨在提出可行的解 决方案，为消费者创造一个更安全的环境来接受SPM服务。这包括培养遵守先进技术标准、法律法规和道德准 则的专业人员。此外，该研究旨在评估这些努力是否有助于SPM行业的振兴和发展，并为其可持续发展奠定基 础。方法: 本研究针对10岁到60岁以上的男性和女性进行了一项调查，以研究SPM实践对消费者认知和趋势的 影响。使用SPSS 23.0软件对收集的数据进行分析。进行频率分析和皮尔逊相关分析是为了验证并确保调查对 SPM 看法的可靠性。此外，还进行了因子分析以确认研究结果的有效性和可靠性。结果: 研究发现，个人，无 论性别、年龄、职业或收入如何，都经常接受SPM服务或表达接受服务的愿望。尽管顾客意识到 SPM 做法可能 与医疗法相冲突，但消费者仍然继续向非医疗从业者(SPM、专家或美容专业人士）寻求服务。卫生被强调为一 个关键因素，受访者表示，如果治疗过程保持卫生时，他们愿意接受非医疗从业者的治疗。结论: 要在SPM行业 内建立信任，必须培训拥有先进技术技能并遵守法律法规和道德标准的专业人员。这种方法可以防止SPM市场 的混乱，促进美容行业的增长和振兴，并有助于创造就业机会。此外，这些努力也有望促进美容行业的发展， 为国家产业进步做出有意义的贡献。

Background/Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the importance of corporate social responsibility in apparel companies and to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility in apparel on corporate image, consumer goodwill and purchase intentions. The study will provide theoretical guidance for the future development of apparel companies, while emphasising the important role of CSR. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study used the questionnaire method and the data was analysed using SPSS26 to confirm the hypotheses of this study. Findings: The findings show that social responsibility of apparel companies has a positive impact on corporate image, consumer goodwill; corporate image has a positive impact on consumer goodwill; and both corporate image and consumer goodwill have a positive impact on purchase intention. Improvements/Applications: This study confirms the importance of corporate social responsibility in the apparel industry, but given the limited number of respondents in this study, and the limited number of regions, future research could be more informative if additional demographic variables such as regions and occupations were taken into account. Also, more tests can be conducted on different variables in future studies to obtain more comprehensive and better results.

최근 1인 가구의 증가, 저출산 및 핵가족화 현상 등으로 생활양식의 변화와 함께 이를 배경으로 반 려동물 양육가구가 크게 증가하고 있다. 반려동물을 키우는 가구 수가 증가함에 따라 반려동물 식품 산업이 급속하게 성장하고 있다. 본 연구는 펫푸드 개발을 목적으로 구매자의 인식을 알아보고자 한다. 펫푸드 구매 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사 대상은 익산시 지역으로 펫 푸드 사료 전문매장 고객 중 매장에 직접 방문하여 펫푸드 구매한 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 설 문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 기간은 2022년 9월-10월 사이에 이루어졌으며, 누락 및 불성실 응답을 제외한 총 100부의 설문지를 실증분석에 사용하였다. 분석 결과 펫푸드를 구입하는 장소는 온라인 쇼 핑몰 펫전용매장 동물병원 순으로 선호한다고 하였으며 빠르고 편리하며 구입하기 쉽고 믿음이 가기 때문이라고 하였다. 따라서 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 시사점과 한계를 제시하였다.

In recent years, the number of households with pets has increased significantly due to changes in lifestyle, such as the rise of single person households, the declining birthrate, and the nuclearization of families. As the number of households with pets increases, the pet food industry is growing rapidly. This study aims to explore buyer perceptions for the purpose of pet food development. A survey was conducted among consumers who have purchased pet food. The survey was conducted in the Iksan city area among the customers of a pet food store specializing in pet food who had visited the store and purchased pet food. The survey period was conducted between September and October 2022, and a total of 100 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis, excluding missing and insincere responses. As a result of the analysis, consumers preferred online shopping malls, pet stores, and veterinary clinics as their favorite places to purchase pet food because they are fast, convenient, easy to purchase, and reliable. Therefore, based on the results of this analysis, the implications and limitations of the study are presented.

This study investigates six representative spouted-pouch protein milkshake products available in the Korean market to examine the consumer cognitive evaluation structure of packaging design. Through comparative case analysis and systematic categorization of design elements, an evaluation framework was established encompassing three core cognitive functions: flavor and visual identification, functional information comprehension, and usage experience and trust construction. These functions were further operationalized into 14 evaluation categories (H 1~H 14). Based on this framework, a questionnaire survey using a 7-point Likert scale was conducted, yielding 392 valid responses. To derive objective importance weights for each evaluation category and minimize subjectivity, the CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) method was applied. The results indicate that information presentation –related indicators dominate the overall evaluation system. In particular, the ease of accessing key nutritional information, clarity of information structure, and support for purchase decision-making exhibit the highest weights, suggesting that consumers primarily rely on rational information cues when evaluating packaging for functional protein beverages. In contrast, visual elements mainly contribute to trust formation, serving as signals of healthiness, safety, and professionalism rather than sources of emotional stimulation. Indicators related to structural usability show relatively lower weights, reflecting that such attributes have become standardized baseline conditions in the current market rather than key differentiating factors. Overall, the findings clarify the hierarchical roles of information, visual, and structural attributes in shaping consumer cognition of spouted-pouch protein beverage packaging.

Although more than ten years have passed since the Great Earthquake in Japan, which occurred on March 11, 2011, there are still many concerns about radioactive contamination of Japanese food among Korean consumers. However, interest in Japanese cuisine and food continues to grow in Korea. Thus, this study examined how perceived quality and perceived value affect customer satisfaction and customer loyalty to Japanese food for Korean consumers. The analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that perceived quality considerably influenced the perceived value of Japanese food, greatly affecting satisfaction, which in turn strongly influenced loyalty. These findings are valuable in examining the mediating role of satisfaction in the causal relationship between perceived quality and perceived value for the Japanese food brand, and customer loyalty for Koreans.This study suggests that if quality is guaranteed, it can lead to satisfaction and loyalty, leading to repurchase. In the future, reliable policy regarding food safety, including providing information on Japanese food, should be developed.

Brand reputation holds a vital role in meeting the needs of consumers in the market, and it helps to align consumer preferences in the market segmentation. For that reason, the primary purpose of business activities is to affect the perception and behavior of consumers toward a specific brand. This study discusses the effect of brand reputation, product quality, brand endorsement, and price perception on consumer purchase decisions in Laneige skincare products to determine whether those independent variables affect people's decision to purchase a specific brand's product. This study uses quantitative methodology, and the data is gathered through online questionnaires that assess the consumers' perception of how the brand reputation, product quality, brand endorsement, and price perception influence their purchase decisions. This study uses a non-probability sampling to select the sample. The questionnaire data is processed using a multiple linear regression analysis method using SPSS software. The analysis shows that all the independent variables (brand reputation, product quality, brand endorsement, and price perception) have a significant relationship with the dependent variable (purchase decision), and brand endorsement showing the strongest effect on purchase decision, indicated by B coefficient value of 0.317. This study provides accurate data to contribute to giving insights and useful information for business references by emphasizing brand reputation, product quality, brand endorsement, and price perception. It provides valuable insight to marketers, practitioners, and researchers in the beauty sector, as well as informs them of strategies for enhancing brand appeal and optimizing the shopping experience.

Background: We examined changes in red ginseng components after different doses of irradiation were applied. We also evaluated what housewives and teachers know about irradiated food, as well as their perceptions of and attitudes toward it. Materials and Methods: General nutrients and unique components of irradiated ginseng were then analyzed. Education on irradiated foods and red ginseng was provided to teachers and housewives on two occasions, and changes in their behaviors were evaluated via a qualitative survey. Results and Discussion: The ideal radiation dose to reduce the number of bacteria without changing the unique components of red ginseng is 7.5 kGy. Notably, after educational seminars on this topic, consumers’ knowledge, attitudes toward, and perceptions of irradiated ginseng compared to non-irradiated red ginseng changed significantly. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide consumers with information on irradiated foods to promote the growth of the domestic food industry, and to improve public knowledge of the safety and effects associated with the irradiation of food.