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Choi, Ju-Youl & Choi, Gwon-Jin. 2009. A Study on Teaching Methods of Traditional Korean Thoughts to Foreign Learners of Korean Language - with a focus on the Dangun Myth. The Language and Culture 5-3: 1-22. This study is an attempt to teach traditional Korean thoughts reflected in the Dangun Myth to foreign learners of the Korean language so that they can have much deeper understanding of Korea and the Korean people and that they can ultimately cultivate themselves as global citizens. The authors have tried to take a careful look into the traditional thoughts connoted in the Dangun Myth to specify the contents for the education of global citizenship and also have made a try to search for an effective teaching method. The paper, first, has examined the content and significance of the Dangun Myth. And then it has reviewed the thought of devotion to welfare for mankind, religious thoughts and the thought of harmony as the traditional Korean concepts contained in the Myth. The researchers have tried to set up the contents and methods for teaching the traditional thoughts to foreign learners of the Korean language. The authors maintain that the thought of humanism based on the spirit of devotion to welfare for mankind, the spirit of mutual prosperity of human beings, and the heavenly harmonic principles for a realization of a terrestrial paradise should be taught. They propose the five stages of introduction, understanding, criticism, appreciation and application as a teaching method, through which the foreign learners of Korean not only can improve their reading competence, but also can absorb fully the significance and value contained in the Dangun Myth. (Sunmoon University, Sangmyung University)

Lee, Ki-Sung. 2009. Cultural text construction for Korean cultural education : focused on the concept of 'division culture'. The Language and Culture 5-3: 23-49. It is highly encouraging that Korean as a foreign language has gained in popularity along with an increased emphasis on the importance of Korean cultural education. This thesis aims to develop a model for teaching Korean culture focused on the concept of 'division culture'. I examined the effectiveness and importance of the cultural of Korea's division after the Korean war. I examined the effectiveness of incorporating 'division culture' as a model for Korean language education. I presented the principle items and syllabuses for text construction and designed a teaching method that emphasizes 'arrangement' and 'connection' of materials with a focus on the concept 'division movie'. In conclusion I asserted that when a foreign language is taught in conjunctive with culture, not only do language leaners improve communication ability in korean but also to provides opportunity for language learner to understand Korean society and its culture in depth. Incorporating the teaching philosophy of 'division culture' education will contribute to the expanding horizon of korean cultural education. (Yonsei University)

Lee, Sun-Yi. 2009. A study on the development of a standard curriculum for Korean culture education in Central Asia. The Language and Culture 5-3: 51-73. This paper is focused on how to develop a standard curriculum for Korean culture education in Central Asia. The current effort to set a standard criterion for Korean studies worldwide is, while effective, overly broad and may not fit the needs of certain areas of the world. Because of this, Korean culture education development should focus on regional and institutional characteristics while developing programs that fit the situation on the ground and meet the prescribed standard as much as possible. The methods for developing a standard curriculum for Central Asia’s Korean Studies Programs is as follows. First, Investigate the present condition and needs of Korean Studies programs in the region. Second, faculty in Central Asia will participate as fellow researchers and discuss development ideas, analyze research materials, and do on-site research into the demand of Korean studies in Central Asia. Third, Collaboration by South Korean and Central Asian researchers to design and tweak the details of program curriculums. When this is completed, the variations between learning materials from university to university will have a chance to be curbed substantially. (Kyung Hee University)

Kim, Jeong-Eun. 2009. Korean language teachers' intercultural competence and Intercultural education methods for teachers. The Language and Culture 5-3: 75-97. The context of the Korean language classroom is the place where diverse people with different cultures and languages can communicate among various cultural backgrounds. Thus, this requires the teacher to be qualified with intercultural competence in order to help Korean learners understand and negotiate their conflicts, because in that context, the teacher's correlational ability must have been reflected in the aspects of respecting and recognizing learners from various backgrounds as well as all the curriculums of language learning. Therefore, this study surveys intercultural competence of Korean teachers, interacting with diverse people between different cultures, and presents the programs for intercultural learning. To do this, the research will be as follow: First of all, after this study looks into the curriculums of Korean academic degrees, 'Education of Korean as a foreign Language', it observes how the intercultural education for teachers has been working. In addition, this study is intended for implications, by monitoring the curriculums of developing the vernacular in contents of the standard education, based mainly on the communication, in Japan. Moreover, this focuses on the main points, which several researchers have suggested, developing intercultural competence for communicating effectively between cultures. Based on these materials, by means of the survey instrument consisted of interview and questionnaire, this research examines and analyzes intercultural competence of the Korean educators as following: knowledge and experiences about intercultures, communicative skills between different cultures, and interactive correlational abilities. The result of the analysis is showed with methods of the intercultural teaching required Korean educators, which are divided into 'culture-specific' and 'culture-general". (Sookmyung Women's University)

im, Myoung Kwang. 2009. A study on structure change of adjective 'chakha-'. The Language and Culture 5-3: 117-137. This study aims at clarifying semantic and syntactic features of adjective 'chakha- changing from NP's [+human] or [+attribute related to human] which 'chakha- requires as semantic argument to [+thing] or [+attribute of thing to be judged as to be good to others] added to them. If new concept is appeared, it is very often used to the form borrowed from existed one which have similar concept. But when the new concept borrows existed form, the syntactic structures manifested on sentence is independently used. The value using each syntactic structure, in other words, is different. Chakha- have [+thing] or [+attribute of thing to be judged as to be good to others] have special characteristics. The first, it very often, companies with emphasis mark(‘’) in internet corpus. The second, supplementary sentences(post or pre), coexist mostly with it, because the meaning of Chakha- changed could not be easily approached to people. The third, the form of Chakha- is possible to both Predicate one and prenominal one. The fourth, remarkability of changeness has temporal and functional property such as name of program, company, and drama, etc. The fifth, the many ones among the phrase included in Chakha- is to deserved to apply to principles of Generic Objectiveness. (Daegu University)

Kim, Seon-Jung & Kim, Sung-Su. 2009. An Error Analysis Found in Writings of Chinese-Speaking Korean Learners. The language and Culture 5-3: 139-160. This study aims to analyse Chinese-speaking learners' errors in their writings. The errors will be classified in terms of their linguistic categories(i.e. particles and endings), and causes such as ommission, submission, and addition will be analysed by their aspects. In this study, aspects of errors are examined in terms of the following two assumptions: interference from the first language (i.e. Chinese) and influences by the target language (i.e. Korean). This is based on previous researches about error analysis hypothesis. As a result, it was found that for errors caused by interference from Chinese, ommission of particles and endings appears. It was also possible to identify those errors caused by Korean influences which took place due to over-generalization, simplification and improper application of Korean grammar. The results above will predict errors which appear in the process of Korean language learning, and thus will be used to promote the efficiency of Korean language education. Furthermore, they will provide useful information to prevent fossilization of errors when developing Korean language textbooks. (Keimyung University) Keywords: learners of Korean language, interference, errors, error analysis, fossilization, ommission, submission, and addition

김성중 & 남정미. 2009. 영어로 진행되는 KFL수업 담화분석 현장연구. 언어와 문화 5-3: 161-191. 본 연구의 목적은 미국의 한 KFL 교실수업 담화분석 현장연구를 통해 KFL 교사의 교수향상을 꾀하고 L2(제2언어 또는 외국어)로서 교사언어의 특징을 이해하고자 하는데 있다. 수업관찰과 녹화를 한 후 기존의 코딩체계를 이용하여 교실수업 상호작용을 분석하여 독특한 특징을 기술하고 해석하였다. turn-taking(말 순서) 빈도와 형태소와 단어로 본 발화의 mean length(평균 길이)을 분석한 결과에 따르면 연구 참가자들이 동등한 기회를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. KFL교사가 사용한 strategy(전략)로 학생들과 계속해서 negotiation process(협상과정)를 가지고, 개개인의 한국어 능숙도에 따라 개별질문의 복잡성을 차별화하는 것이 발견되었다. 또한 clue(단서제공), confirmation(확인), recast(고쳐 말하기)와 think-aloud(소리내어 생각하기)같은 다양한 목적을 위한 repetition(반복) 전략 등이 사용되었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 EFL(English as a foreign language)뿐만 아니라 KFL를 위한 교육적 시사점을 제시한다. (고려대학교, 신라대학교)

Kim, Yu-Mi & Pak, Dong-Ho. 2009. Curriculum Design of Korean for Academic Purpose. The Language and Culture 5-3: 193-215. This research introduces to the Korean language curriculum which applies a contents central access method for students of Korean language and culture who is successful to the university study (learning). According to the increase domestic college admission of the international students, the instruction method designs to apply curriculum of department process the three of Content-Based Instruction models which are theme-based language instruction, sheltered content instruction and adjunct language instruction for successful study of the international students. In this research discusses the possibility of subject operation using an example of Korean language and culture of K University.(Kyung Hee University).

Kim, Ui-Su & Heo, Eun-Hye. 2009. A study on comparing word level in woman immigrants' writings and their Korean textbooks. The Language and Culture 5-3: 217-240. This paper aims to investigate frequency of content words as well as word level in the writings of woman immigrants in Korea and the textbooks they use to study Korean. For this research, we measure frequency of token and type of words found in the texts. Textbooks consist of two parts- the main texts and reading texts. Reading texts show higher frequency of words than main texts. However, word level does not follow this pattern. The quantity of new words they use in their writings tends to decrease as they advance up the levels. In contrast, the degree of repetition of words tends to increase from intermediate to advanced. This means that their textbooks do not help them enrich their vocabulary. In fact, their writings are more complicated in terms of word level than the textbook they use in class. So we need to upgrade current textbooks according to the demands of the learners, the woman immigrants. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

Kim, Hansaem. 2009. An Analysis of the Aspects on Translation of Korean Idiomatic Phrases - Based on Korean-English Parallel Corpus. The Language and Culture 5-3: 241-259. Informativity means how the information for acceptor is fresh and unpredictable. It depends on an ability of translator. It can be maintained or not. As for idiomatic expression, it contains higher informativity than typical function word or general content word. Because ambiguity and uncompositionality of idiomatic expression make the process of analyzing semantic information very difficult. Also, interest of reader is induced by the appearance of idiomatic expression in text. We use Korean-English parallel corpus for looking into the phase of informativity change by idiomatic expression. As a result, idiomatic expression is translated to word or phrase on the aspect of linguistic form. It is omitted in the translated text occasionally. It is the most desirable to translate the idiomatic expression of source language to that of target language. But translator is apt to change the informativity involuntarily in general. Implement of the equivalent of meaning is not in accord with maintenance of informativity. Lack of understanding of the original text can be one of the causes by which translator transfers insufficient information to readers. Compilation of a bilingual dictionary containing sufficient information about meaning, usage, and actual examples will help translators to maintain the informativity of idiomatic expression. (The National Institute of the Korean Language)

Moon, Myungsin. 2009. A Study on Project Based Learning in a Blended Learning environment for KLE. The Language and Culture 5-3: 261-280. The purpose of this study is to develop and apply the Project Based Learning in Blended Learning environment to improve Korean communication skill. To accomplish this purpose, this study utilized the Internet community combined with the classroom to apply such an educational tool for problem solving, facilitating the learning process, and interface between students and teacher. This study was conducted as an action research and 20 foreign learners participated in this study. Results indicated Blended Learning based on the Project Learning Model allowed learners to have more chance and feel confident to communicate in Korean. Finally implications of this study, obstacles to conduct this study, and recommendations to implement this learning approach more effectively and efficiently were presented. (Pusan University of Foreign Studies)

Park, Sung-woo & Kim, Hong-beom & Cho, Kyung-hee. 2009. Learning Management System Based on Diagnosis and Treatment for Studying Korean Language and Culture. The Language and Culture 5-3: 281-301. E-learning is defined to be a kind of education in which students and instructors interact in a cyber space via telecommunication networks. E-learning system is divided into four components: contents generation, LCMS (Learning Contents Management System), LMS (learning Management System), contents delivery. This paper proposes a model of Korean language education for e-learning system, especially focusing on LMS. Two learning paths in the LMS are provided: one for Korean language learning and the other for culture learning. Combining language learning and culture learning offers the advantage that prevents students from learning by trial and error due to cultural gaps. Each learning path in the LMS is designed on the basis of diagnosis and treatment and consists of four functional blocks: diagnosis, analysis, treatment, customized education. Learning path for Korean language education; 1) Usages and constraints of subjective postpositions are diagnosed, 2) 8 questions are presented with 44 illustrative sentences for diagnosis, 3) diagnosis results are analyzed in combination with those of culture learning, 4) error clinics and customized learning opportunities are provided for treatment and customized education. Learning path for culture education; 1) language etiquettes (greetings) are diagnosed, 2) 9 questions are presented with 40 illustrative greetings for diagnosis, 3) analysis, treatment, and customized education are performed in the same way as the language education. (Hannam University, Kongju National University)

Lim, Hyung Jae & Jeong, Hoe-ran. 2009. A study on the necessary of teaching assistant system in Korean Education. The Language and Culture 5-3: 303-321. The main concern of this paper is the system of assistant materials for Korean teachers. Due to the development Information Communication Technology, the classroom environment has been changed rapidly. However, it is the fact that there is a lack of studies on the teaching assistant multimedia materials. This paper emphasized the necessity of establishing system of multimedia materials, not the necessity of development of multimedia materials. The system is K-TAS which has been developed in HUFS. This paper can be summarized as follows: First, the necessity of K-TAS. Second, the example of K-TAS, that is the system makes it possible for standardization of Korean teaching in Korean education.(Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

Chin, Chongnan. 2009. A Case Study of the Korean Language Program for African-American College Students in USA. The Language and Culture 5-3: 323-343. This is a case study of the Korean language program which was held at a HBCU(Historically Black Colleges and Universities) in US. There were non of the students who took the Korean course at the first semester, but now 6 students are enrolled in Korean courses. You can be disappointed at the small number of the students in Korean courses but it's not that easy to make non-heritage students to pay attention to Korean language because still Korean is not so interesting one for them practically. So this paper aims to 1) analyse the cause of the very low enrollment for Korean course at the HBCU; 2) share some cultural experimental learning programs those were tried for two semesters; 3) suggest what kinds of teaching activities can stimulate the non-heritage students to take the Korean language courses, with reviewing all the trials and errors I had been through for two semesters. (Cyber Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

ong, Jong Myung. 2009. A study on indicators in the process of negotiation of meaning in KFL class. The Language and Culture 5-3: 345-362. The negotiated interaction, in which two people interact to attain mutual understanding when communication breakdowns take place, is referred to as “negotiation of meaning.” While many studies have been conducted to explore the negotiation of meaning from diverse perspectives, there are few studies that have investigated the naturally occurring negotiation of meaning in the L2 classroom, especially in the field of less commonly taught languages such as Korean. This study investigates the negotiation of meaning between the teacher and students in a Korean as a foreign language (KFL) classroom. Through the analysis of teacher-learner negotiations from the data, this study explores the types and frequency of "indicator." The indicators were divided into two categories, “teacher-initiated indicators” and “student-initiated indicators.” (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)