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Kim, Mi-Young. 2014. Culture Reading and Korean Writing through Using the Traditional Korean Fairy Tales. The Language and Culture 10-1: 1-28. These days, it is no longer a rare thing to meet foreign students at Korean universities. However, in order for them to overcome their difficulties, they need to attain a high level of Korean language proficiency. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a writing model for the improvement of foreign students’ proficiency of Korean in writing Korean. It is recommended that the model is implemented prior to entering university, The model hereby considered contains a reading component that uses fairy tales as study material in the writing model because the two skills are highly interrelated. The writing includes 5 texts ranging from Korean traditional fairy tales to extensive tales for imagination, which were analyzed first and then arranged with step processes by depth of contents in this paper. They are all done through reading, which are descriptive writing, analytic writing, critical writing as well as cultural comparative writing and inferential writing. It is anticipated that this writing model helps Foreign students to raise their ability of writing and understand of Korean culture. The level of reading material and the number of assignments can be adjusted to suit the students’ level.(Semyung University)

Kim, Hyunji. 2014. A Study on the Usage Aspect of Noun-Modifying Constructions in Korean. The Language and Culture 10-1: 29-54. This paper investigates the location of modifiers and the weight of head noun in noun-modifying constructions in Korean. There are five nominal modifiers which can be separated by adjacent nominal modifiers from the noun that they modify. The modifier which modify the head noun are as follows; demonstrative, qualitative pre-noun, numerals, genitive noun phrase, relative clauses. Section 2 discusses the ordering of modifiers and the weight of head noun in relative clauses. The linear organization of modifiers is investigated in more detail in Section 3.1, which focuses on the degree to which NP internal ordering patterns reflect the organization of modifiers. Section 3.2 is concerned with the weight of head nouns in noun-modifying constructions in conversational Korean. This study is to look over the usage actual state of fold noun-modifying construction in the spoken language and written language. There are difference occurring between the spoken and written language. The class is composed of relatives and genitive noun phrase, which can occur more than one time within a noun phrase, and the order of which is free in the way that they can occur before a demonstrative and a numeral. The results of the examination showed that the head in noun-modifying constructions tended to be ‘light’ in the spoken language. This paper aims to contribute to a usage-based understanding of grammar. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

Hyunjin Kim․Youngha Moon. 2014. The Study of Acculturation Stress of Korea Government Scholarship Student and their Korean Language Learning Motivation, Korean Proficiency. The Language and Culture 10-1: 55-78. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of acculturation stress and learning Korean language skills. The students in this study participate in a Korean Government Scholarship Program which provides financial support for foreign students studying in Korea. Thus, all of the students are highly motivated to complete their Korean language courses successfully. This study specifically considered the relationship between the students’ acculturation stress and language learning. Previous studies defined “acculturation stress” as psychological confusion, future anxiety and maladjusted behavior associated with the process of adapting to a new culture. Like other studies, we considered only the stress caused by the process of acculturation. Based on previous studies, we expected students exhibiting high levels of acculturation stress to do poorly in their Korean studies. However, our investigation shows that students suffering from high levels of acculturation stress were, nevertheless, successful in acquiring Korean language skills. We conclude that the intervening variable in this study was the students’ high level of motivation to succeed. (Ewha Womans University)

Min, Kyungmo. 2014. A Study on the Size and Repeatability of Vocabulary in Advanced-level Korean Textbooks. The Language and Culture 10-1: 79-100. This study aims to analyze, via quantitative survey, the size and repeatability of vocabulary present in three recently published advanced-level Korean textbooks. We identified the following quantitative properties of vocabulary in the three current advanced-level textbooks: 1. A single unit of advanced-level Korean textbooks has shown to have an average of approximately 5,800 tokens, with any one unit of textbooks carrying 4,000～ 8,000 tokens. Each of the units includes about 3,100 full words on average with the exception of postpositional particles, endings, markers, affixes, and proper nouns. 2. The total number of vocabulary types in the textbooks comes to 14,058. Each textbook can have as few as 6,364 types and as many as 9,089 types. 3. One volume of a textbook has 5,138 types on average. 4. A single unit of the textbooks has 1,062.1 types on average. Each of the units in the textbooks can have as few as around 740 types and as many as around 1,460 types. 5. The repeatability of vocabulary in the three advanced-level Korean textbooks is 13.4 times in total, about 8 times per textbook, and about 6 times per volume. In addition, the intra-unit repeatability of words comes to approximately 3 times per word. These figures are relatively constant regardless of the size of the textbooks or units within the textbooks. 6. In a survey of the inter-unit repeatability, words which appear in only one unit are the greater majority. This means that a word in Korean advanced-level textbooks is usually presented unit-independently. (Keimyung University)

Sung, Jiyeon. 2014. A Study on Strategy Instruction for Improving Speaking Skills: Focusing on Chinese Learners of Korean Language. The Language and Culture 10-1: 101-125. This study aims to investigate Chinese learners’ strategy using patterns and to discuss a strategy instruction as an educational treatment to solve the lack of speaking skills of them. First, this study adapted SILL to the Korean language situation and analyzed the strategy using patterns of Chinese learners lacking speaking skills. Learners frequently used metacognitive strategies and social strategies, compensation strategies and other strategies more than three points in a five-point scale evenly. When individually analyzed the list of strategies used, however, those are found that the students mainly use passive strategies like listening or observing, they insufficiently use the strategies to find a new language source of one’s own interesting and they do not tend to create the opportunity to communicate with others through strategy use. After identifying the problems of using strategies, part of strategic items were selected to correct them, this study suggested that teaching strategies should be explicitly integrated into a language class and the effectiveness of this class experimented. In this experiment, the following results were obtained: 1) Speaking assessment results before and after the experiments showed that strategic training group improved scores more than control group. 2) Because it is the first time to introduce language strategies into the class and it needs time for strategic instruction, experimental group didn’t learn as many grammatical and vocabulary items as control group. 3) Experimental group learners had a positive response to learning strategy instruction and also tried to be active outside of the classroom. (Korea University)

Sim, Ji Young. 2014. A Study of the Negative Sentence Formed Like “먹어 못 내다” in China Chosun Language. The Language and Culture 10-1: 127-151. This dissertation is about the exceptional negative sentence pattern of “먹어 못 내다” which is used in Chinese Chosun language. This kind of negative sentence has the structure in which a negative adverb intervenes between a main verb and a assistant verb. This paper concerns what does this specific form of negative sentence originate in, and examines it in diachronical way and from dialectological angle. At the same time, we look over if it is related to the ‘Potential-Marking Complements’ construction in Chinese. In conclusion, we can say the negative sentence of “먹어 못 내다” originates in the dialect of Northern part of Hamgeoungbukdo, but as far as the distinct characteristics in the meaning and high productivity of this pattern are concerned, we conclude that sentence has the structure in which a negative adverb intervenes between a main verb and a assistant verb. this specific pattern is produced inside of Chinese Chosun language itself under the influence of Chinese ‘Potential-Marking Complements’.(Seoul National University)

Ahn, Kyung-hwa. 2014. Grammar Teaching Methods: An Analysis of Intermediate Korean Language Textbooks. The Language and Culture 10-1: 153-176. This paper aims to provide an analysis of how Korean language textbooks approach grammar teaching in view of syllabus design, teaching methods and teaching materials. The results show that the Korean textbooks used for analysis have the following characteristics: largely linear syllabuses, bottom-up or top-down to bottom-up models, input processing techniques, explicit explanation, spoken and written materials, grammar-focused activities, and task-focused activities. On the other hand, English textbooks are characterized by spiral syllabuses, interactional models and consciousness -raising tasks, which help learners notice the gaps between their interlanguage and the target language. Considering recent developments of the second language acquisition which focus on the importance of language input, textbook developers should include new options such as spiral syllabuses, interactional models or consciousness-raising tasks to make textbooks theoretically better for Korean learners. (Seoul National University)

Ahn, Mi-ae. 2014. An Experimental Study of Korean Simple Vowel Acquisition of Indonesian Advanced Learners. The Language and Culture 10-1: 177-205. This study aims to review the Korean simple vowel acquisition pattern of Indonesian advanced learners with an experimental phonetics method. The results of the discussion are as follows. First, there was no statistical difference in formant values for Indonesian vowels and Korean vowels of Indonesian produced by advanced learners. Second, there was a significant statistical difference in Korean vowels between Indonesian advanced learners and Koreans. Third, the phonetic acquisition distribution pattern of Korean vowels by Indonesian advanced learners is similar to the Korean vowel distribution patterns of Koreans by Koreans. Such a statistical difference is considered to be caused by Indonesian advanced learners using the articulatory phonetic area more narrowly than Koreans. Fourth, vowels in Indonesian of the subjects of this study showed a difference in vowels in Indonesian and distribution patterns in existing studies. This implies the possibility that a second language environment that has been experienced over a long time may affect the phonetic system of the mother tongue. (Dongguk University)

Jihye Lim․Bongsu Park. 2014. The Meaning and Practice of Multicultural Community-based Education: The Case of Incheon, Namdong. The Language and Culture 10-1: 207-232. This study is to actually perform the multicultural community-based education and to derive implications by interpreting the experiences of participants. The participants’ experience of the multicultural community-based education significant can be divided into three. First, the participants liberated the mind from prejudice against the concept of ‘multiculture’. Second, the participants took time for self-examination and reflected on his own culture. Third, the participants could have a interesting time interacting and communicating with the local multicultural community. In particular, the experience of contact with the immigrants could alleviate prejudice against an outgroup in various aspects. I can suggest practical ways for the multicultural community-based education based on the results of this study. Main results are as follows. First of all, the multicultural community-based education have to provide accurate information about the outgroup that should be the default. In addition, the multicultural community-based education have to create an environment that needs to be structured could reflect on negative stereotypes. And best of all, taking advantage of cooperative learning between the natives and the immigrants should be active. (Inha University)

Chung, Ho-Jin. 2014. A Study on the Effect of Employment Permit System(EPS) to Labour-Sending Countries: Focusing on the Distribution of Korean Language and the Impact of Korean Culture. The Language and Culture 10-1: 233-252. This study aims to analyse the effect of Employment Permit System(EPS) to fifteen labour-sending countries focusing on the distribution of Korean language and the impact of Korean culture. In considering the distribution of Korean language, I present universities which have Korean language education as a major, and King Sejong Institutes and Korean Education Centers which are established in labour-sending countries. In all countries, Korean language education has been vitalized in both formal and informal educational institutes. For the consideration of the impact of Korean culture, I discuss the change which has appeared in the export of Korean cultural products such as dramas, films, K-pops, and so on. The amount of export to labour-sending countries has rapidly been increased. Various phenomena caused by the influence of Korean culture are also discussed. Some Korean dramas are introduced in local broadcasts and K-pop music is loved by the younger generation. Also, some Korean restaurants are open for business. The stability and development of EPS will continually have a positive influence on the distribution of Korean language education, and accelerate the impact of Korean culture to labour-sending countries. (Keimyung University)

Ju, Jae-hwan. 2014. A Study on Vocabulary Analysis of Literary Texts for the Development of Korean Graded Readers. The Language and Culture 10-1: 253-272. The purpose of this study is to search to develop Korean graded readers. The vocabulary, used in literary texts in Korean textbooks, was analyzed. In addition, this study examines the necessity and effects of reconstructing literary texts and proposes methods of developing Korean graded readers. To improve Korean language learners’ reading ability, a variety of reading materials should be exposed to them consistently. Graded reading materials help learners to do extensive reading focusing on meaning. These materials also give learners the opportunity to read various topics quickly and pleasurably. Literary texts are frequently utilized to develop graded readers. Hence, the level of the vocabulary, shown in texts, can be one of the most significant factors in deciding the level of the texts. Therefore, this study analyzes the level and frequency of the vocabulary shown in Korean literary texts used for developing graded readers. The result of the analysis shows that the original texts have too many words exceeding the designated level of the texts. To resolve the problem, it is necessary to replace difficult words with vocabulary appropriate to the reader’s level of understanding. This research can help learners choose textbooks of an appropriate level and, by reconstructing texts, contributes to the enhancement of Korean language proficiency. (Korea University)