Earticle

The study tried to provide basic materials for prevention of safety accident in paragliding and its development by analyzing preventive activity for safety accident of participants in paragliding. To do this, questionnaire survey was conducted with 215 coaches and members who lived in Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi, and Chungcheongdo, and participated in paragliding activity in 2012. Collected data were analyzed in Frequency Analysis, Descriptive Statistics, Independent Samples T-test, and One way ANOVA using SPSS 18.0. The results were as follows. First, For preventive activity for safety accident according to gender of participants in paragliding, male participants showed higher score than female participants. Second, For preventive activity for safety accident according to age of participants in paragliding, a group under 35 years old showed lower score than other groups. Third, For preventive activity for safety accident according to career of participants in paragliding, a group over 5 years old showed higher score than other groups. Fourth, For preventive activity for safety accident according to group of participants in paragliding, coaches showed higher score than general members.

본 연구에서는 24명의 대학생을 대상으로 스포츠 기술을 배울 때 다른 연습방법이 수행에 미치는 영향과 자기조절 학습 전략을 어떻게 활용하는지 살펴보았다. 골프 퍼팅 수행을 위해 12명의 연구대상자는 분단연습 방법을 이용하였 고 나머지 12명은 무선 연습방법을 따르게 하였다. 양적연구 분석 결과 연습 단계에서는 전통적인 분단연습 그룹이 무 선연습 그룹에 비하여 퍼팅의 정확도가 높았고, 임팩트 시 가변성이 낮았으며 z축에서의 퍼터 움직임이 훨씬 일관되게 움직이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편 연습이 끝난 후 다음 날의 파지검사와 전이검사에서는 오히려 무선연습 그룹이 분 단연습 그룹에 비하여 더 나은 퍼팅 수행을 하였다. 질적 연구 분석 결과 두 그룹 모두에서 자기조절 학습의 전략을 활 용하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 무선연습 그룹의 연구대상자들은 좀 더 사려 깊은 전략의 계획과 인지과정을 보여주는 것으로 나타났다. 무선연습 방법이 자기조절 학습 전략의 활용을 자극하여 변화 많은 주어진 임무에 잘 적응할 수 있 는 능력을 갖게 하는 것으로 사료된다.

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of chronic incline walking on trunk muscle cross sectional area (CSA) in female seniors. Healthy thirty females aged 62-68 years old were recruited from the general community and divided into three groups, control(n=10), level walking(n=10), and incline walking(n=10) group, as their regular exercise pattern. A visual analogue scale (VAS) and a medical history questionnaire were used as survey of health status. Magnetic resonance images of psoas, multifidus and elector spinae muscle was obtained between the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) lumbar. We hypothesized that the demand of mechanical change with incline walking would produce greater resistant-like stimulation than level walking. The psoas major CSA of incline walking group was 9.0% higher than control and 4.9% higher than level walking group with a 5.1% difference between control and level walking group(p<.01). In the CSA of multifidus, 11.5% and 11.9% difference was observed in incline and level walking group, respectively. The CSA of elector spinae was not significantly different among groups. The total trunk muscle CSA was significantly correlated with age(-3.33, p<.01), weight(0.29, p<.05), exercise frequency(0.32, p<.05), and exercise experience(0.33, p<.01). These results suggest that the chronic incline walking positively effect on the CSA of trunk muscle in senior women.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effetcs of obesity index and vascular function by 2-week sedentary behavior modification program on lifestyle modification in college students. Total 28 college students(22.5±4.5 year) were compared with 15 sedentary life style subjects(%body fat=25.7±5.9) and 13 regular physical activity group(%body fat=21.5±7.5). All subjects participated in a 2-weeks physical activity incresed program(15-30min/day, 5days/weeks and combined exercise program(60min/day, 5days/weeks). Significant time effect was found for waist circumference(p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (p<0.001), glocose(p<0.001), triglyceride(p<0.001), HRV index(p<0.001), and LF/HF ratio(p=0.016) to acute physical activity program. Significant time by group interaction were found to HDLC(p=0.021) respons. The current findings of the study suggest that acute sedentary behavior modification program as a means of improving obesity index and vascular function in college students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between level of physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk factor in patients with metabolic syndrome. The subjects were 156 men patients who had metabolic syndrome risk factor more than 3 factor and participated the Metabolic syndrome management program of public health center and reside the northeast of Seoul. Frequency of High intensity physical activity(FHPA), Total Maginitude of High intensity physical activity(TMHPA) have significant correlation(+) in High density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)(p<.05) in man. FHPA, have significant correlation(+) in High density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)(p<.05) in women. Time of High intensity physical activity(THPA), FHPA, Frequency of Moderate intensity physical activity(FMPA), Time of Moderate intensity physical activity(TMPA), Time of walking related physical activity(TWPA) have significant correlation(-) girth of abdominal in women. The predictor of Girth-abdominal was High intensity physical activity in woman(R2=.074, p=.034). The predictor of Girth-abdominal was Moderate intensity physical activity in woman(R2=.168, p=.035). The predictor of HDL-C was High intensity physical activity in man(R2=.206, p=.039). The predictor of HDL-C was High intensity physical activity in man(R2=.206, p=.039). The predictor of HDL-C was Moderate intensity physical activity in women(R2=.131, p=.001).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of plum supplementation in middle-age women. This study sample consisted of 16 females middle-aged women who were divided into two groups(placebo group:8, prunus mume supplementation group:8)：The subjects ingested 2g of the prunus mume capsule while the placebo ingested 2g of placebo capsule. After each ingestion, the subjects rested for 20 min before performing exercises at a gradually increased pace on a treadmill as by the Bruce Protocol. During the exercise tests, We measured the maximal heart rate, the VO2 max, the minute ventilation, the O2 Ventilatory equivalent, exercise duration and the Calorie expenditure. The blood lactate concentration was measured both pre-exercise and post-exercise each of 0, 10, 20, 30 minutes after the exercise. The results of the study were as follows; 1. There was no significant difference in the VO2max, the minute ventilation, and the maximal heart rate among the groups(p>0.05). 2. At 10 minutes after the exercise, blood lactate concentration showed a significant difference among the groups(p<0.05). 3. O2 Ventilatory equivalent, Calorie expenditure and exercise duration time were significantly different between the placebo and prunus mume ingestion group(p<0.05). Accordingly, the prunus mume supplementation showed to have a positive effect on fatigue recovery, calorie expenditure and O2 ventilatory equivalent after aerobic exercise.

This Study aims to analyze the effect of sports massage on the emotions of teenage diabetic patients with 20 teenage diabetic patients as the subjects. The subjects had range of age of 8∼20 years old, and was composed of 10 Type I diabetic patients and 10 Type II diabetic patients. The duration of medical history of the patients ranged from 1 month to 10 years. The subjects of this Study were composed of the teenagers among teenage diabetic patients who preferred sports massage. the subjects were given sports massage for 20∼30 minutes every day by applying light techniques (effleurage, friction, petrissage and vibration). were provided for conducted three times a week for 6 weeks. The state of emotions of the patients were evaluated through anxiety factor score card (SAS) and depression factor score card (SDS) prior to application of sports massage and 6 weeks after application of sports massage. The blood sugar levels of the patients on empty stomach were also measured at the same time. The data in this Study was processed through t-test by using SPSS 12.0 computer program. As the result of the Study, the blood sugar level, SDS and SAS evaluation scores of the diabetic patients after the application of sports massage were found to be substantially lower than prior to application of sports massage (P<0.01). The conclusion of this Study is that sports massage is an outstanding therapy to cultivate the emotions of and nurture the patience of diabetic patients. Continuous regular application of sports massage can control and improve diabetes, which is a life-long disorder, and can even improve the quality of life.

This study set out to assess lower extremity strength and its ratio according to chronic physical changes caused by habitual frequent wearing of high Heels. It also aimed to investigate the effects of lower extremely strength ratio on barefoot walking with no high Heels and examine the resulting negative physical changes and problems, thus proposing a need for research on prevention and improvement measures. For those experiment purposes, the investigator divided 20 subjects into a group habitual wearing high Heels (Heels group) and the other group that hardly wore high Heels(Normal group). Each of the two groups consisted of ten subjects. After giving them detailed explanations about the experiment and receiving their informed consents, the investigator administered a series of physical test, isokinetic muscle strength test, and walking analysis. An isokinetic concentric and eccentric contraction test was performed on the ankle and knee joint with Biodex system Ⅲ(Biodex Medical Systems, Inc., NY., U.S.A), an isokinetic muscle strength measuring equipment, in order to measure the subjects' lower extremity strength and assess their muscle strength and conventional and functional lower extremity strength ratio. The knee joint protocol involved 5 and 15 measurements at 60°/sec and 180°/sec, respectively. The ankle joint protocol involved 5 and 15 measures at 30°/sec and 120°/sec, respectively. During gait analysis, the hip, knee, and ankle joint were measured for movement and moment during walking in the sagittal, coronal, and cross section. The subjects were asked to walk according to their ordinary strides and speed(self-selection). Biomechanical data were collected with Motion Analysis System(Santa Rosa, CA), which is equipped with six infrared detection cameras and two force plates, every 60 seconds. The analysis program(Orthtrek ; Santa Rosa, CA) calculated the movement and movement of the hip, knee, and ankle joint of each subject during walking in the sagittal, coronal, and cross section. Their data were compared and analyzed in numbers and percentage. Research findings were analyzed according to mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) with the SPSS 12.0 Version statistical program. Mann-Whitney U test was conducted for findings with significant differences between the two groups.

This study was conducted to analyze influence which stabilization exercise program of low back pain patient had over lumbar spine muscle activity and to suggest an exercise program for improvement of low back pain and for decrease in pain; it classified 20 women into 2 groups, i.e. a stabilization exercise program group and a self-exercise group. Exercise was done for 6 weeks, 4 times a week, and total 60 minutes. Data processing of this study was made by independent T-test and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS 18.0 statistical program with significance level of α= .05. Conclusion was drawn as follows; First, as for pain awareness, there was significant difference between measurement intervals (p<.05), and response of pain awareness decreased in the stabilization exercise program group. Second, as for left muscle activity of the spine erector muscle, there was significant decrease in the stabilization exercise program group (p<.05). Third, as for right muscle activity of the spine erector muscle, there was significant difference in the stabilization exercise program group (p<.05) before and after exercise. In conclusion, it is believed that lumbar stabilization exercise program can help low back pain patient and therefore, it is required to develop various exercise programs in the future.

Teenagers usually experience high levels of stress and depression owing to various reasons. Sometimes the stress and depression brings maladjustment in school life and some students commit a suicide. The previous study revealed that laughing is negatively correlated to stress and depression. Therefore, it is meaningful to see if laughing exercise which is a big issue in Korean society has an positive impact on the decrease of teenagers' stress and depression. The study was conducted with experimental group and controlled group. The subjects are all middle school students in south Korea. After conducting pretest for two groups, the laughing exercise was done for only experimental group for a month, 8 hours in total. The result showed that the laughing exercise was effective for teenagers' stress(p<.05) and depression(p<.01). More specifically, the laughing exercise had a effect on the negative attitude(p<.01) and difficulty in performance(p<.05) which are all sub-factors of depression. However, the effect of laughing exercise was different across the sub-factors of stress. The laughing exercise had a positive effect on the decrease of stress which comes from the family life(p<.001) and interpersonal relationships(p<.05). On the contrary, the laughing exercise had no effect on stress in school life(p<.25) and self-originated stress(p<.27).

Postnatal rat offspring born from prenatal alcohol-intoxiciated pups during pregnancy leads to apoptosis or inhibitation of neurigenesis, which eventually causes neurological impairments. In the present study, the effects of endurance exercise on the level of apoptosis and cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus following fetal alcohol syndrome in Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Adult female Sprague– Dawley rats weighing 220±10 g were used in the experiment. Total 60 female rats were mated in pairs with adult 30 male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 300±10g for 48h. After mating, the female rats were housed individually in a plastic home cage. After confirmation of pregnancy, the pups borned from female rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, fetal alcohol-treated group, fetal alcohol-treated and moderate-intensity exercise group, and fetal alcohol-treated and swimming exercise group(n=20, respectively). The exercise groups were made to run on a treadmill running and swimming for 60 min per day for 14 consecutive days. Apoptotic cell death in the hippocampal dentrate gyrus was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) and caspase-3 staining, and cell neurogenesis was detected by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine(BrdU) immunohistochemistry. It was shown that apoptosis and cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were significantly increased following prenatal alcohol injection in Sprague–Dawley rats and that treadmill exercise and swimming suppressed the alcohol-induced increase of apoptosis and cell neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. The present results suggest that treadmill exercise and swimming may protect neurons from apoptotic death and aids in recovery from the central nervous system sequelae following fetal alcohol syndrome.

Purpose: This study intends to suggest more effective treatment method of shoulder pain by understanding the recovery of shoulder function. For 15 patients who claimed shoulder pain caused by cervicogenic periarthritis and lived in Seoul, Tuina therapy and functional exercise were provided to observe the degree of pain and change in the range of motion among the subjects. Method: For the comparison group, general sports massage was conducted and after the symptom was alleviated, functional recovery exercise was not provided. For the treatment group, Tuina therapy and functional exercise were conducted. The sports massage, Tuina therapy, and functional exercise were provided for 30 minutes each time and it was conducted three times a week for 8 weeks. For Tuina therapy, techniques like malaxation, rolling, and cervical manipulation were used. For functional exercise, stretching was implemented after the treatment. As for the assessment, joint range of motion (ROM) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were conducted. The collected data were treated using SPSS18.0 and the measured data were indicated with ±s while conducting t-test for measurement values. The recorded data were then treated using chi-square. α was set to be .05. Conclusion: Through a year of follow-up study, the treatment methods of both treatment and comparison groups were shown to be effective as a way to improve the ROM of the shoulder and the pain caused by cervicogenic periarthritis. However, the treatment group showed more obvious treatment effect than the comparison group and there was distinctive difference between the two groups in terms of its relapse rate.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of types of taping on ankle of ROM, Proprioception, Balance, Agility. Ten college students (N=10) were participated in this study. The subjects does not have experienced in surgery on lateral ligament of ankle and treatment on skeletal muscle for last 6 months. The mean and standard deviation of data was measured and one-way ANOVA (post-hoc: LSD) test was used to verify differences among groups using SPSS/PC 18.0 program. Significant level was set to α =.05. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Kinesio taping group showed significantly higher ROM values of plantar flexion (p=.007), dorsi flexion (p=.003), inversion (p=.001) and eversion (p=.002) than C-taping group. 2. ROM values of dorsi flexion (p=.040), inversion (p=.035) and eversion (p=.021) in None group were significantly higher than in C- taping group. 3. Proprioception of inversion was significantly higher in Kinesio taping group than in C-taping (p=.003) and None (p=.037) groups. 4. There was no significant differences among groups in the front (p=.095), the left (p=.374) and right (p=.273) back of balance. 5. The agility had no significant differences amomg groups (p=.770). Taken together, it is recommended that Kinesio taping is appropriated for normal people who has no experience in ankle injury, whereas C-taping might be useful for the patients with ankle instability.

The purpose of this study was to find out how 10weeks of k-bar training effects to twenties normal college student's physical inclination. The subjects in this experiment were 10 of twenties adult (men 8 , woman 2 ; age 23.4 ± 2.91 ; height 171.3 ± 8.15cm ; weight 68.22 ± 9.10kg ). k-bar training was investigated in 10 weeks. 5kg of light - weight applied during 4 week, then 10kg was applied. Frequency of training was 4 times in 10 weeks. 3 set of momentum, 10 times repetition in each exercise was set up. Break- time between set and exercise was 3minutes. Result of this study, trunk inclination VP-DM, trunk imbalance UP-DM, pelvic tilt DL-DR, pelvic torsion DL-DR was clearly decreased after 10 week of K-bar training. But pelvic tilt DL-DR was confirmed small differences. Consequently, small difference was not appeared in most case, significant decrease was came out, therefore long term training will make a positive effect of K-bar training.