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The purpose of this study was to examine the influencing factors on the depression of older people and to determine the mediating effect of the health behavior on the effects. The findings of the study are as follows; first, the depression severity of the older people who had income and spouse were lower than that of older people without them, although subjects of this study had mild depression. Second, The presence of income, satisfaction with consuming life, subjective perception of health, IADL, family support, friend support, and third party supoort were negatively correlated with the depression of them, Third, The health behavior and rehabilitation program had some mediating effects on the satisfaction with consumption, subjective perception of health, social support.

The purpose of this study was to offer the basic data for revitalization of exercise rehabilitation center and inducing active participation of customer and finding the influence of service quality(reliability, tangibles, responsiveness, assurance and empathy) and customer's satisfaction on purchasing behavior(re-participatory intention, the word of mouth intention) with who participated in exercise rehabilitation center. For purpose of this study, it researched a center related with exercise rehabilitation center which located in Seoul, Kyeonggi-do and 158 person who participated in exercise rehabilitation center. The data was analyzed by the Frequency analysis, Reliability analysis. Exploratory factor analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis, Correlation analysis, Structure equation model analysis in accordance with the purpose of the study by using SPSS version 14.0, AMOS 7.0. Flowing result were obtained through above and analysis. First, service quality of exercise rehabilitation center had significant positive influence on customer's satisfaction. Second, customer's satisfaction had significant positive influence on purchasing behavior. Third, service quality of exercise rehabilitation center had significant positive influence on purchasing behavior. In brief, mediating model of customer's satisfaction in the relationship between service quality and purchasing behavior is verified suitable.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among fitness rehabilitation program, health promoting lifestyle and somatic symptom on the aged. The participants of this study 265 elderly people who were purposeful sampling from the elderly residents in Seoul, Inchen Area. For accomplishing this purpose of the study, the survey questionnaires were used to collect data. The statistical methods utilized in this study for analyzing the collected data were exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, path-way analysis, by SPSS 17.0 version. AMOS 7.0 program was used to exmine confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model. From the analysis of this study, the following conclusions were obtained: First, the fitness rehabilitation program participation is partially influences on the health promoting lifestyle and somatic symptom on the aged.. Second, each of the participation period and frequence affected significantly at the health promoting lifestyle and somatic symptom on the aged. Third, the health promoting lifestyle is partially influences on the somatic symptom. thestatistical results on the self-efficacy affects to the self-perceived health status on the elderly. Lastly there is a causal relation among within fitness rehabilitation program, health promoting lifestyle and somatic symptom on the aged.

This study analyzed the causal relationships between the elderly people's leisure activities and their pride, loneliness, feeling of helplessness, leisure satisfaction, life satisfaction and feeling of happiness. This study was aimed to encourage the elderly people to participate in the leisure activities and to provide them with the useful information that helps pursue their happiness. Ultimately, we intend to present the realistic information for the implementation of the elderly people's leisure welfare. For the study, we chose the people who were older than or equal to the age of 65 years old from the CheonNam Province who had been participating in the leisure activities. From them the samples of 651 individuals were derived using the Stratified Cluster Random Sampling Method and 612 out of the 651 samples were used in the actual analysis. The Analyses of Frequency, Confirmatory Factor, Reliability, Correlation and Path were conducted with the collected data using SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0, and the following conclusions were made. First, it appeared to a meaningful degree that the frequency of leisure activities participation had a positive causal relationship with the pride while it had a negative causal relationship with the leisure satisfaction. Second, it appeared to a meaningful degree that the time spent by the leisure activities participation had a positive causal relationship with the pride, feeling of helplessness, life satisfaction and a feeling of happiness. Third, it appeared to a meaningful degree that the pride had a positive causal relationship with the life satisfaction and feeling of happiness. Fourth, it appeared that the feeling of helplessness had a negative causal relationship with the leisure satisfaction, life satisfaction and feeling of happiness. Fifth, it appeared to a meaningful degree that the loneliness had a negative causal relationship with the leisure satisfaction, life satisfaction and feeling of happiness.

The goal of this study is to explore the potential possibility of Korean pop-dance program on helping mental health among juvenile delinquents. Having views on this idea, the study was constituted for Korean girl delinquents in juvenile training school focusing on treatment of adolescent misconducts based on their depression mainly, aggression and social anxiety. The subject for the study was divided into two groups; Experimental group(Ex, n=7) and control group(Con, n=11) on the range of 14-18 year-old female delinquents in J juvenile school. Subjects completed 2-hour, once a week of K-pop dance program for 8 weeks. Depression, aggression and social anxiety were measured pre-session, and post-session by questionnaires which were Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Aggression Questionnaire-Korean version(AQ-K) and Korean-Social Avoidance & Distress Scale(K-SAD). Also, for more verifying the effects of this research, participants were asked via self-report and interviewed. Collected data were analyzed by the reliability analysis, paired t-test and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results are as follows. First, the K-pop dance program has an effect on depression in Ex group significantly. Second, the three of five categories - refusal, guilty feeling and dissatisfaction are significantly declined in Ex group after 8 weeks K-pop dance program. Also, there are significant difference in refusal. guilty feeling and dissatisfaction after 8weeks. In case of refusal and dissatisfaction, it is significantly declined in the Ex group after 8 weeks. Finally, there's no significant difference in relation to aggression and social anxiety. However, post score is apparently reduced than pre score in Ex group.

This research aims to analyze the health and welfare policies for young people in England and apply to the Korean contexts. This research had found three implications. Firstly, there was very strong social consent on health and welfare for young people. Formal education and local community put a big emphasis on health education so that young people can develop their potentiality. Secondly, health and social welfare was the basic philosophy of whole education policies and system for children and young people. Consequently, young people was able to receive enough support from schools and local communities. Health and social welfare services were provided according to children's developmental stages, such as Sure Start Centers and Healthy School Programmes. Finally, health and social welfare issue was the key for the development of young people. As a conclusion, this research suggests that the integrate approach for health and welfare policies is the vital key for young people development in South Korea.

This study aims to investigate 'General rules for Young Training' which provides basic framework for youth welfare policies and to attempt to seek the significances for youth welfare policies in South Korea through analyzing the historical trends and the contents from Japan. For this research the key policy documents analysis were used as research methods. This research has three-folds. Firstly, this research define the concept of young people, secondly, the youth policy trends in particular the Japanese government's reaction for 'General rules for Young Training', finally, 2003 'General rules for Young Training' and 2008 'General rules for Young Training'. Therefore this research suggests that Firstly, integrated youth welfare policy is needed. In other words, the Korean youth welfare policy should be connected with other polices as well as other organizations, and should put an emphasis on integrity and effeciency. Secondly, the policy should include young people from all background and should involve young people's lives more actively in order to prohibit youth problems. Thirdly, youth welfare policy should not be separated from the human development stage and keep the integrity as well as continuity. Fourthly, the youth policy should be built up according the social changes. Consequently, youth policy should reflect the changes from young people rather than changing them. Finally, young people should participate in policy making process. Therefore youth policy should provide young people with opportunities which include youth opinions and interests

The purpose of this study is to set up social support and self-esteem as an element having influence on psychological well-being, and to verify a causal relationship on this through analysis of a measurement model and a structural model. A questionnaire was carried out with the research target of 203 athletes participating in 2009 National Disabled Sports Festival, and for its material analysis, the measurement model and structural model were verified by using a program of Amos 16.0. The results of this research are as follows. First, as a result of verification of a measurement model, the social support of 14 question items that don't secure uni-dimensionality, self-esteem of 2 question items and psychological well-being of 5 question items were deleted. The subsequent fit appeared to be acceptable, and as a result of verifying its validity through values of CR and AVE, it appeared to hold the convergent validity and discriminant validity. Second, the social support had a positively significant influence on psychological well-being(t=5.171, p<.001), and the self-esteem also has a positively significant influence on psychological well-being(t=2.481, p<.05). It appeared that the social support also has a positively significant influence on self-esteem(t=2.322, p<.05). Third, as a result of verification of Bootstrapping to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem, it appeared that the self-esteem plays a significant partial mediation role in a relationship between social support and psychological well-being(p<.01).

The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary data for the revitalization of lifetime sports for the disabled and those requirements of analysis in terms of sport for the disabled is intended to provide the basis for the activation. For the Research of this study, 716 participants with Disabilities taking part in lifetime sports nationwide were selected through convenience sampling. As a survey tool, open questionnaires on requirement for participation of people with a disability in lifetime sports was used in this study. The survey tool was made up of a single question through the discussion with the 5 experts in adapted physical education, and the preliminary survey was conducted on the sample of 50 people with a disability participating in lifetime sports. In the Preliminary survey, the suitability and applicability of the questionnaires were reviewed. As the result of the Preliminary survey, the final questionnaires were cleaned up and used by modification and supplement in parts. In the procedure of the survey, the interview method was used for the people with a disability with limited capability in reading and writing, by voice-recording or writing down the answer on the place after the researcher read the question. For the people with a intellectual disability who have a trouble to answer directly, the survey data were collected by the aid of someone such as a guardian who can speak for such disabled people. The data were processed and analyzed through the descriptive statistics analysis. Coded data were analyzed and the co-related words were classified for each question, and the items in requirement for the Disabled to participate in the lifetime sports were analyzed and presented in terms of frequency. In addition, the requirements for different types of disability were compared by use of the cross-tabulation analysis. The followings in below are the results of the study. Firstly, the most necessary for the people with a disability participating in the lifetime sports is the expansion of facilities in the sports environment. Second, the requirements for participation in the lifetime sports were identified for different types of disability. The expansion of sports facilities was demanded most for the physical disability, hearing impairments, and developmental disability; moreover, the supplement of leaders and assistants is needed most for the visual and other impairment. 조회수 1 추천수 0

The objective of this study is to determine how athletes with disability adapt to campus life, and their environmental restrictions in the campus. To this end, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted among the members of the N-university-run athletic club for the disabled in Korea, and a focus group discussion was carried out. The study participants were 15 N university student athletes with disability. Data were gathered for this study via document collection, focus group discussion, interviews, and participation observation. Data analysis was carried out using the constant comparative method. To ensure the feasibility and reliability of this study, the triangulation and member check methods were used. The results of the in-depth interviews spanning six fields (the college entrance exam method for selection, support for teaching and learning, athletic support, life support, employment support, and facility support) are presented in this paper. Such study results are expected to shed light on the difficulty of adapting to campus life on the part of athletes with disability, and on their environmental restrictions.

The purpose of this study was to present the effective exercise rehabilitation program, and to offer the basal data in developing the home-based exercise rehabilitation program for modified Brostrom operation(MBO) patients with associated injury. Subjects were 12 female MBO patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. Muscular function in the ankle joint was measured repeatedly on 6th and 12th week after MBO with isokinetic dynamometer. Exercise rehabilitation program was applied between 7th and 12th week after MBO. After 6-wk-Exercise rehabilitation program, inversion strength and power, eversion strength and power were significantly increased, and E/I ratio was increased within normal range in the involved ankle. I/U ratio was increased above 90% in both inversion and eversion. In conclusion, 6-wk-Exercise rehabilitation program applied in this study may be effective on the recovery of muscular function in ankle joint for MBO patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. And it is suggested that follow-up study should be carried out for evaluating the lasting effect of exercise rehabilitation program and patients' compliance.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the 8-week MedX exercise on the lumbar muscle strength and subjective pain of spondylolysis patient. For this study, 24 patients were surveyed who were diagnosed with the spondylolysis in an examination such as X-ray by specialized medical doctor in 'P' spine exercise center located in Seoul. The patients could stretch and bend the waist joint in the anatomical normal range of waist joint movement from 0° to 72°, and their lumbar muscle strength and their subjective pain were analyzed. From the analysis, the following conclusion was drawn: The degree of pain was evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), one of the pain indices used the most commonly in the clinical and pain laboratories. MedX Lumbar Extension Strength Machine was used to evaluate the lumbar extension strength machine, and the arbitrary iso-metric lumbar extension strength was measured at 0°,12°, 24°, 36°, 48°, 60°, 72° both before and after the exercise. Based on the result, The MedX exercise had a statistically significant effect on the subjective pain and the lumbar muscle strength of spondylolysis patient.

The purpose of this study was to measure vascular dementia elders's cognitive function, gait ability to determine how much vascular dementia elders is influenced by the 12-week combined exercise program with aerobic training and resistance exercise. The subjects participated for this study were thirty patients with vascular dementia over 65, and then they were randomly assigned to two groups (n=15 per group): experimental group, control group; physical therapy. The program for each group was conducted for 60 minutes, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The measurement for the dependent variables was taken 3 times; pre-exercise, 6 weeks after exercise and 12 weeks after exercise. Cognitive function was measured by the scores of MMSE-KC and GDS, gait ability were measured by these activities; 3 meter back-and-forth walking, 4 stair walk-up and 4 stair walk-down. For data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were estimated; repeated one-way ANOVA was carried out to test mean differences by using SPSS 12.0 statistical package. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. After comparing the cognitive function of experimental group with that of control group according to the period of exercise, there was a significant difference in MMSE-KC score test of the experimental group between pre-exercise and 6 weeks after exercise. 2. After comparing the gait ability of experimental group with that of control group according to the period of exercise, there was a significant improvement in TUG test of the experimental group between pre-exercise and 6 weeks after exercise, and between pre-exercise and 12 weeks after exercise.

In the present study, the effect of treadmill exercise was investigated on intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV STZ)-induced c-Fos expression in rats. We resulted in accelerated the c-Fos expression from locus coeruleus (LC) for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) rat models. It was revealed that a protective mechanism enhanced the c-Fos positive cells for LC with the SAD and exercise group in ICV STZ model of sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's disease type in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with ICV STZ bilaterally, on 1 times/day for three day. The neuronal activity was assessed using the immunohistochemistry. The rats were divided with three groups(the sham-operation group; the ICV STZ-injected group; the ICV STZ-injected and exercise group). Rats were motivated to run with gentle hand prodding. Electrical shock was avoided as a negative reinforcement because this would add undue stress not typically associated with volitional exercise. Exercise was performed on a motorized treadmill adapted with lanes for the rats to run in individualized compartments at the seven days after the surgery. Rats were exercised for 7 days at 8 m/min for the 5 min and then 12 m/min at 5% grade for the 25 min, which corresponded to 70% of their VO2max. In conclusion, the present study was investigated that treadmill exercise accelerated the expression of c-Fos positive cells in LC from the SAD-induced rats. Over-expression in c-Fos positive cells through exercise may therefore be reversed by treadmill exercise following SAD-induced suppression of c-Fos expression. Further examination of the involvement of noradrenaline level in exercise-induced neuroprotection will aid in the amelioration of SAD severity for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative insults

Physical training such as treadmill exercise in experimental animals can enhance locomotor activity via the regulation of neurotrophins induction level and muscle function. Peripheral nerve fibers can regenerate very well, whereas central nerve fibers cannot. Astrocytes after spinal cord injury (SCI) have been known to transform into reactive astrocyte and prevent axonal regrowth of corticospinal tract fibers that is a major descending axons connected motor cortex of the brain with target muscle. The purpose of this study was to review mechanisms of exercise on histological and functional improvement of the injured spinal cord. Therefore, we focus on various events that exercise not only regulates formation of glial scar and expression of neurotrophic factors after SCI but also prevent atrophy of skeletal muscle that is positioned below the injured spinal cord. We think that treadmill exercise that was used in animal model with spinal cord injury have a meaning in rehabilitation therapy.

This study was for the analysis of electromyograph and fatigue in blood change of high school tennis players according to two hand backhand stroke repeat using. For the performance of this study, 10 tennis players were chosen and EMG and fatigue in blood measurement was done dividedly measurement period. In that result, it was shown that EMG value at left biceps, right brachioradialis, right flexor carpi radialis muscles decreased significantly according to measurement period. and there was considerable decrease at lactate and ammonia too. So, it was shown that the repeat using of two hand backhand stroke causes muscle fatigue like the change of EMG, for it causes muscle fatigue partially at major muscle according to EMG result and the significant difference was shown in the change of fatigue in blood also. Therefore, It is considered that a appropriate amount of exercise and training plan are needed to protect players considering muscle fatigue caused by the repeat of two hand backhand stroke.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of aerobic exercise for 12-week on blood inflammation markers in over age 60 elderly women patients with hypertensive. Twenty-three elderly women were divided into the following 2 groups; (1) control group(n=11), exercise group(n=12). Elderly women were subjected to aerobic exercise for 3day a week for 12 weeks. The statistical results showed the methods that were used which were two-way repeated ANOVA. The results are as follows. There was no significant difference in the categories of CRP, Fibrinogen, WBC, HDL-C, within two groups. The exercise groups decreased than the control groups in the categories of CRP, Fibrinogen, WBC. This results was made certain that control the low the blood lipid for elderly on aerobic exercise. Besides, We will be effective the blood vessel inflammation markers and prevent the hypertensive As doing the aerobic exercise.

The purpose in this study was to identify the effect of treadmill walking exercise during 8 weeks on the DLCO(diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide), Hb, and va-, Hb-adjusted DLCO in male collegian with smoking. The 14 male collegian involved voluntary in this study and then they were divided into two groups (n=7 per group). All of them were healthy status that have no problem with pulmonary disease. The treadmill walking exercise had mainly composed of a specific exercise for young collegian male and movement to boost up the DLCO and adjusted DLCO on these subjects. As well as the walking exercise program was implemented over 8 weeks, 60 minutes per session, with exercise intensity 50%HRR to 80%HRR for stimulation. For data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were estimated; 2 way ANOVA mixed design was carried out. also Independent-samples t and dependent-samples t-test were carried out, if there were significant in interaction effect. The results are below; First, The level of hemoglobin was significantly reduced in smoking group after 8 wks whereas 8wks treadmill exercise maintained in treadmill exercise group at end point. Second, The DLCOva was significantly reduced in smoking group after 8 wks whereas 8wks treadmill exercise maintained in treadmill exercise group at end point. Third, was significantly reduced in smoking group after 8 wks whereas 8wks treadmill exercise maintained in treadmill exercise group at end point. In conclusion, this study suggested that walking exercise for male collegian with smoking after 8 wks were effective in maintaining Hb, DLCOva as well as DLCOHb.

The purpose of this study is to investigate injury types and time in wushu athletes. one hundred nine players, answered a questionnaire about training career, time of exposure, previous injuries. The questionnaire that was used by Lee(2005). The most frequent type of injury that occurs in the first round is usually injury to parts of the body. They analyzed the sex, age, and events of all participants and found that there was no visible difference between the time of which the sports injury occurred and the season. In relation to sex and age of participants, there showed to be no visible difference; however, under events, correlation was evident between the time at which the injury occurred and the season. During the time of sports injury, there was no visible difference in the aspect of sex and age; yet, in the time of practice injury, there showed to be similar difference in the event of participants. Injur from Jump had no similar difference in the aspect of sex, age, and event, and there showed to be the same results during the injury situation.

The purpose of this study was to verify the difference of precision in badminton short serve on bandwidth knowledge of result types. Participants were 50 college students, which were randomly assigned to one of five acquisition groups consisting of each 10 subjects such as bandwidth knowledge of result group and yoked group, reversed bandwidth knowledge of result group and yoked group, and 100% feedback group. The experiment consisted of an acquisition session, which consisted of 6 blocks, a retention session, and a transfer session. The independent variables were blocks and groups, and the dependent variables of interest were radical error and bivariate variable error. The results were as follows; First, at the acquisition session 5 groups generally showed the decreased radical error and bivariate variable error even though they practised for short acquisition time. Second, at immediate retention and transfer sessions bandwidth knowledge of result and reversde bandwidth knowledge of results groups resulted in superior performances compared to 2 yoked groups and 100% feedback group. We conclude that providing the bandwidth knowledge of result and the reversed bandwidth knowledge of result can be a practice strategy in order to improve the precision of badminton short serve for novice.

The purpose of this study was to provide the field expert such as community and sports center with a substantial data for the application of open-kinetic chain exercise to wheelchair user and individuals attempting to improve their musculoskeletal conditioning. People with physical disability using a wheelchair complain of pain on their shoulders. Any repetitive movements could cause unbalanced muscles as there are 30 kinds of muscles interacting with one another on shoulder. Especially, the motions to move wheelchair give repetitive burden on shoulder joint as well as muscle and frame causing shoulder pain. Thus, an exercise program designed with consideration given to physical characteristics is required to prevent and treat shoulder pain. Therefore, the objective of the research is to help improving muscular strength, power, balance, and endurance required to move wheelchair. The study is also to systemize the use of wheelchair and develop appropriate strength program. For the study, systematic review and depth interview were used to minimize any bias or random error. The result of the study showed open-kinetic chain exercise that is designed with consideration given to physical characteristics of people with paraplegia(or spinal cord injury) using wheelchair. Wheelchair user's Eights Strength Programs follow: chest press, seated rowing, scaption, shoulder external rotation, shoulder abduction, elbow flexion/extension, upright rowing

The purpose of this study was to examine the comparison of metabolic risk factors and physical fitness according to age of people with intellectual disability. The subjects were 58 people with intellectual disability men who were participated in public center. The body composition(body weight, BMI, %fat), metabolic risk factors(WC, WHR, blood pressure, TG, HDL-C, and fasting glucose) and physical fitness(muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and flexibility) were measured. The body compositions(body weight, BMI, and %fat) and metabolic risk factors(WC, WHR, blood pressure, and TG) were increased as the aging, otherwise HDL-C was decreased as the aging, especially the age of 40's and 50's group. And cardiovascular endurance(12min run) significantly decreased in old(40's and 50's) groups. The findings suggested that the obesity was increased and cardiovascular endurance was decreased according to age, and it is related to increase metabolic risk factors. Therefore, exercise program is considered the improvement of body composition and physical fitness, which in turn prevent and modulate metabolic risk factors. Furthermore, there is needed for people with intellectual disability to assess concurrent clinical pathology and physical fitness.