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Purpose of this study was done to review investigate living condition, actual welfare system, and to suggest developmental plans of welfare policy for disabled person. Methods of this research was literature review, the data of research bringing up Korea Institute for Health, Social Affairs and Ministry of Health & Welfare and Family. Result of this study was an obstacle range gradually extension, a allowance have occurrence just follow an occupation pay insured guarantee, in order to be provided in character where the additional expense preservation is necessary. The indirect security policy more benefit going back for the low income disabled person more discount rate. For health maintenance and quality of life to the disabled person, remains the function maintains and increases, sets a proper aim in order and will be able to attain, must provide a nursing intervention. From viewpoint of the disabled person, Including a body problem and economic problems are treats integrated, and composed to healthcare increase program to the disabled people will be able to participate and must promote. Improvement of income allowance, to leads social participation of the disabled person possibility making direction of a ceremony integration.

The purpose of this study was to examine recognition about disabilities of volunteers who participated in exercise rehabilitation program for the disabled. The participants in this study were 139 volunteers. Collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, frequency analysis, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA through SPSS 12.0. Statistical significance level was set α=.05. The results of this study were as follows. 1) There were significant differences in affective factor(p<.01)and cognitive factor(p<.05) as a sex. 2) There were significant differences in all recognition factors for the disabled - affective factor(p<.001), cognitive factor(p<.05), and behavioral factor(p<.001) - as a grade. 3) And also, there were significant differences in all recognition factors for the disabled as an experience of volunteer in exercise rehabilitation program for the disabled(p<.001). 4) According to an analysis of the difference in recognitive factors by motives for participation, it showed that there were significant difference in affective factor(p<.001) and cognitive factor(p<.05). 5) There were no significant differences in all recognition factors for the disabled.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects on mental health according to aqua exercise of middle aged-women with physical confidence. To attain these purpose, the subjects for data were 343 middle aged-women, selected by using the random cluster sampling, among the aged 45 above who attend the public welfare center and swimming pool in seoul and In-chon. The tool for survey study was used "physical confidence scale" which developed Ryckman etc.(1982) translated by Yoo(1999), and "mental health scale" which used by Kim(1998). The statistical methods utilized in the study for analyzing the collected data were factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlate analysis and multiple regression analysis using statistical package of SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0. The results obtained through the above analyses are as the following. Firstly, physical confidence by aqua exercise of middle aged-women correlated mental health. Secondly, physical confidence by aqua exercise of middle aged-women statistically and significantly influences mental health.

The purpose of this study was to examine relationship among Dance for All participations, Social support, Health evaluation and Life Expectation of the elderly female, and to provide the basic data to establish the Dance for all participations policy for the promotion of quality of the life of the elderly. Total 150 Korean elderly, Seoul and Gyeonggi-do were sampled as of 2009 as the population, who were aged over 61 and attended the silver town, elder's college, using the purposeful sampling method. For the investigation, we used the questionnaire method. And to construct the contents of the questionnaire, we referred to related previous works and then constructed the relevant questionnaire items after testing the validity and reliability of them. The t-test, linear multiple regression, and path analysis were used for the analysis of the data. The results were as being follows. First, the dance for all participations were partially differences on the social support. Second, the Dance for all participations were partially differences on the health evaluation. Third, the Dance for all participations were partially differences on the Life Expectation. Lastly there was a causal relationship among dance for all participations, social support, health evaluation and Life Expectation.

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in senior citizens' participation need fulfillment and barrier factors according to their sport category and health on self-evaluation. In order to achieve this purpose, the convenience sampling method was employed to select 230 sport participants at 12 Seoul located Welfare Centers for the Elderly. Out of the 28, responded, but excluding those with double or no answers, a total of 202(93%) questionnaires were analyzed. Questionnaiers having Cronbach's alpha values from totally .625 to .862 were used to collect data which were later processed using SPSS 16.0 ver. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistical analysis, validity as well as independent t-test, and the following results were obtained: First, Senior citizens' participation need fulfillment and barrier factors significantly and statistically differed with respect to self-recognition health condition and their participating sport category. Refreshing themselves and tonic differ statistically and significantly with respect to positive recognition group on health condition. Also, negative recognition group on their health condition differed to athletics parter significantly in barrier's factor. Second, interpersonal sports' participant differ statistically with respect to personal relationship, refreshing themselves, conficence, and tonic of fulfillment. And, interpersonal sport participant differed with exercise partner and health problem.

The objective of the present paper is to discover the relationship of sociability recovery and life-satisfaction of seniors depending on their involvement in leisure activities. As subjects for this study, 525 participants were selected from among those who are engaged in the leisure activity programs for seniors. SPSS WIN 12.0 was employed to process the data. There were statistically significant differences in sociability by gender; familiarity, cohesiveness and competence, by age; extensibility, familiarity, cohesiveness, reliability and education. By health; extensibility, cohesiveness, competence, reliability, and soundness, and by family income; extensibility, cohesiveness, competence, and soundness. also in life satisfaction by gender; age, education, and family income in content of present life, and by health; satisfaction with present, past and future life. Correlation between sociability and satisfaction of present life, there were also statistically significant differences in extensibility, familiarity, cohesiveness, competence, reliability, satisfaction of present, future and past life. As for influence of sociability on life-satisfaction, it was obvious that present satisfaction was influenced by extensibility, familiarity, competence and reliability, but future satisfaction was impacted by extensibility, cohesiveness, competence, reliability and soundness while past satisfaction was effected by extensibility, familiarity and soundness.

The purpose of this study analysed the programs of 8 exercise rehabilitation recreation (ER) facilities in Chicago, Il, U.S. there are 1 franchising education center, 3 hospitals, 1 mental health center and 3 special recreation associations and find the adaptative policy in Korean society. The method of this study was visiting the site for a week and observed the facility and programs and interviewed the interested parties deeply. As this procedure, I got the results like this. First, the ER program would be planned the diverse recreation program by organized procedure and manual corresponding with the need of client and object considered the physical, active, social, emotional, cognitive aspects. Second, the ER program for family and other professionals not even participants applied for rehabilitating their physical and psychological health. Third, ER professionals applied systematical procedure in each process, and they tried to verify the evidence of program. Forth, the community rehabilitation center operating with government tax, fund and participants' share, they managed the diverse program for the disabled old adults accord with participants preference through several assesment and evaluation tools for enhancing motivation. Firth, the inclusive ER both the disabled and healthy people need to be planed for returning to community ultimately.

The purpose of this study was to show the effects of balance training on the improvement of balance and performance for recreational bowlers. The samples for the study were chosen as 24 students who were taking the bowling class in I university. The 12-week experiment was carried out for the exercise group of 12 students in the balance training program and the control group of 12 students participating in the general class. First, there was no insignificant difference between groups at pre balance test. However, there were significant difference in the closed-eyes foot balance(p<.01) and the stick test(p<.001) for static balance and the modified Bass test(p<.01) for dynamic balance between groups at post balance test. Second, there were insignificant increases in the closed-eyes foot balance(p<.01) and the stick test(p<.001) for static balance and the modified Bass test(p<.01) for dynamic balance within exercise group after training. However, there was no insignificant change within control group. Third, there was no insignificant difference between groups at both pre and post bowling score test. Forth, there were insignificant increase in the bowling score within both exercise(p<.05) and control(p<.01) group.

The purpose of present research is to understand scientifically how the role of major muscle among upbody muscles during bench press to measure and analyses using EMG according to training levels and grip types. Subjects were 15 male who 7 weight training beginner group(BG: 22±2.4 yrs) and 8 middle level group(MG: 24±0.7 yrs). The main measurements of this study are used EMG(Laxtha QEMG-4, Korea) to investigate electrical muscle activites of upbody muscles during bench press exercise. They were attached electrods on optimal sites upbody (CPMM: center of pectoralis major muscle, UPMM: upper of pectoralis major muscle, ADM: anterior deltoide muscle, TBM: triceps brachii muscle). Expreimental proceeding were 1RM test with bench press, 30 min resting, and then 5 bench press exercise with 75% 1RM load using two defferent grip types(normal and wide way). The analysis used the SPSS 17.0 version. It were producted Mean and SD(standard division) and investigated the grips different within groups used pairs t-test, and compared with the upbody muscles within groups used One-way ANOVA. On various muscles EMG ratio against the 1RM, in MG using normal grip, UPMM' activation was larger than other muscle, and in using wide grip CPMM was more activated than other muscles. In BG was showed as same result, too. In normal grip, the result showed that it had significant difference among upper body muscles in MG(F=7.279, p<.001; F=3.657, p<0.05 respectively). Especially, the UPMM and ADM represented higher EMG activation than other muscles. Also, ADM' EMG activation had difference between normal grip and wide in all two groups(t=-2.251, p<0.05; t=-2.385, p<0.05 respectively). Finally, we knew that there are different EMG activation on upper body relative muscles according to one' training experience and using grip types during bench press exercise.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of warm-up on exercise injuries. The data were obtained through the survey of 390 soccer club members, and crosstabs, frequency and chi-square test were used for statistic analysis based on the SPSS 14.0 program. The findings from this study were as follows: First, distinct difference, in terms of general characteristics, exists between gender(p>.001), career(p>.05), and exercise time(p>.01) in being injured or not. the lower part of the body(80.5%) including player's legs and feet has higher rate than any other parts, and muscle strain injuries(52.7%) has higher rate than any other types of injury. Second, distinct difference, in terms of general characteristic, exists on frequency(p>.01) in the frequency of warm-up; and on gender(p>.01) in the intensity of warm-up. the contents of warm-up are stretching(51.9%) aerobic activities(29.1%) and similar soccer of activity(7.9%) and all-inclusive(11.1%), the object of warm-up is to prevent injury(66.7%) and to improve athletic performance(23.3%). Third, distinct difference, in terms of warm-up, exists between frequency(p>.001) and intensity(p>.01) in being injured or not; frequency(p>.001) and intensity(p>.01) in the frequency of injury; and frequency(p>.05) in intensity of injury. Warm-up could prohibit soccer club members from being injured. therefore it is required to plan the exercise time, frequency and intensity based on the purpose of exercise and the characteristic of sports.

The purpose of this study was to determine effects of elastic resistance training to exercise frequency on body composition and functional fitness in elderly women. 23 elderly women(71.8±58 years) were randomly divided into control(n=8), two days/week exercise group(GroupⅠ, n=7) and three days/week exercise group(GroupⅡ, n=8). Supervised exercise program was performed 60 minutes a day for 12 weeks using the elastic bands. We measured subjects' body composition, functional fitness(strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, speed, cardiovascular endurance). After 12 weeks exercise program, elastic resistance exercise program didn't affect body fat of elderly women. Elderly women participated in exercise program groups showed significantly greater improvement of functional fitness such as strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance than control group. However, we didn't show significant difference between GroupⅠ and GroupⅡ in functional fitness. In conclusion, we observed the improvement of functional fitness in elderly women through both twice a week and three times a week participation in elastic resistance program.

The purpose of the case study is to understand the effects of RAS(Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation) gait training on temporospatial and kinematic changes in young adults with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Individual RAS gait training was repeated 11 times and continued for 30 minutes per day, 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Four adults with spastic CP served as participants and all participants showed improvement in cadence and velocity, while other temporospatial parameters present differences respectively. All participants showed improvement in the range of joint movements as the evidenced of the similar pelvic anterior tilt to normal distribution from a pathological pattern. In terms of the angles of hip flexion, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion, three participants indicated positive outcomes close to normal distribution and one subject didn’t show any enhancement except that his hip flexion presented a similar motion to normal distribution. Besides, the ratio of stance phase to swing phase of the gait cycle of all subjects were close to 60:40 which is normal distribution. These findings support the improvement in the effect of gait performance in adults with spastic CP after considering the characteristics of each participant and the position of their affected limb. This study suggests RAS gait training should provide potential new approaches for adult patients with cerebral palsy in rehabilitation training.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Foot Orthotics on muscular function of knee and lumbar during exercise rehabilitation in adolescent boys. 25 subjects were divided in to control(n=8), exercise(n=8) and exercise included Foot Orthotics(n=9) groups. The exercise and exercise included Foot Orthotics groups were pes planus or pes cavus and/or inversion/eversion(≥±2°) of calcaneus. There were two test periods; pre & after 12wks. In both tests, isokinetic peak torque, mean power and total work were measured using by biodex 3.10 system. At the results, peak torque, mean power and total work in extension of knee joint had a significant difference between pre and after 12wks in two group (exercise group, exercise + orthotics group). Also mean power in extension of lumbar had a significant difference between pre and after 12wks in exercise group. In conclusion, these results mean that Foot Orthotics in exercise rehabilitation have effects on growth of muscular function. Therefore, when abnormal foot arch and calcaneus angle was corrected by Foot Orthotics during exercise rehabilitation, these would carry out beneficial effects for lower limb muscle on activity.

The purpose of this study was to compare of body composition, physical fitness high school and collegiate to competition level in Taekwondo players. For this study, researcher divided 80 high school players and 80 collegiate players into three groups(lightweight group, middle weight group, and heavy weight group) and measured them on 12 items of physical fitness. The conclusions were as follows. In the light -weight group, the physical fitness of collegiate Taekwondo players superior to high school players for strength, power, endurance, agility, flexibility and balance. In the middle -weight group, the physical fitness of collegiate Taekwondo players superior to high school players for strength, power, endurance, agility, flexibility and balance. In the heavy group, the physical fitness of collegiate Taekwondo players superior to high school players for strength, power, agility and balance. The factors of power, strength, agility and flexibility were extracted in high school Taekwondo players and the factors of agility, power and endurance were extracted in collegiate Taekwondo players. Therefore, program coordinator should be intensified agility and endurance training scientifically for collegiate Teakwondo players and the development of Taekwondo competition.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of an acute resistance exercise of 60% one repetition maximum (60% 1RM) and aerobic exercise of 60% heart rate reserve maximum (60% HRRmax) to anabolic hormones, lipase, CK. We also tried to look for the information regarding the relation of anabolic hormones, enzymes to exercise rehabilitation. The subjects consisted of 10 healthy young men. They were set to practice 2 exercise types (aerobic exercise of 60% HRRmax and resistance exercise of 60% 1RM) at an interval of a week for 60 minutes (including 10 minutes of warm-up and 10 minutes of cool-down). Blood was sampled 3 times (rest, immediately after exercise, 60 minutes after exercise) and then analyzed for the reaction of growth hormone, testosterone, lipase and creatine kinase (CK) to exercise types. The results are as follows. First, there was no significant difference between the responses of an acute aerobic exercise of 60% HRRmax and resistance exercise of 60% 1RM to anabolic hormones, lipase. Second, resistance exercise with 60% 1RM showed a quicker effect on early secretion of growth hormone than aerobic exercise of 60% HRRmax. Third, when compared with the levels at rest and immediately after exercise, the stimulation of aerobic exercise with 60% HRRmax and resistance exercise with 60% 1RM 60 minutes after exercise reduced lipase activity significantly. Fourth, when compared with resting levels, CK activity was reduced significantly immediately after exercise and was recovered at 60 minutes after exercise to rest level. However, when compared with rest, resistance exercise of 60% 1RM reduced CK activity at immediately after exercise and 60 minutes after exercise. Therefore, resistance exercise showed a more harmful effect on tissue damage than aerobic exercise. In summary, these results indicate that the effect of an acute aerobic exercise of 60% HRRmax and resistance exercise of 60% 1RM on the reduction of lipase activity at 60 minutes after exercise are related to the reduction of anabolic hormones at 60 minutes after exercise. This result also showed that the reduction of anabolic hormones at 60 minutes after resistance exercise was related to the high levels of CK activity at 60 minutes after exercise. Therefore, these results indicate that both of an acute aerobic exercise of 60% HRRmax and resistance execise of 60% 1RM in healthy young men have effects on growth hormone, testosterone, lipase and GK. This study also suggests that relatively low intensity of aerobic- and resistance exercise may play an important role in the prescription for exercise rehabilitation regarding both of healthy and weak person.

비만과 2형 당뇨는 인슐린 저항성과 지질을 산화시키는 능력이 손상된 것 같은 특징을 지닌 것과 관련 있는 질병상태이다. 최근 지방 산화에 최적의 운동강도가 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 특정 강도의 지속적인 운동이 인터벌 운동프로그램보다 지방산화와 인슐린 민감성 향상에 매우 효과적일 수 있다는 것을 알아보고자 하였다. 10명의 좌업생활자이면서 비만이지만 건강한 여성 참가자들(33±5 year)이 미리 정해 놓은 운동강도에서 지구성 운동재활 프로그램을 실시하였다. 최대 지방 산화를 얻어낼 수 있는 운동강도로 운동을 4주 실시(Pre-ex)한 후 5주간의 디트레이닝 기간을 두었다. 최대 지방 산화를 얻어낼 수 있는 운동강도의 ± 20%강도로 인터벌 운동을 4주간 추가로 실시(Post-ex)하였다. 운동을 하기 전과 마지막 운동을 한 후 48시간이 경과한 후에 OGTT, VO2max test, steady-state exercise 등을 총 4회 검증하였다. 식이는 운동을 하기 전 매번 관리하였다(50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 15% protein; ~2900 kcal/d). 지방산화는 Pre-ex 후 38% (p<0.05) 증가하였지만, Post-ex 이후에는 그렇지 않았다. 인슐린 민감성은 Pre-ex 이후에 23% (p<0.05)로 증가하였다. 그러나 체중, 신체질량지수(BMI), 허리와 힙 비율(WHR)과 % body fat, 그리고 VO2max의 변화는 일어나지 않았다. 그러므로 최대 지방산화를 도출해 낼 수 있는 운동강도에서 지속적인 운동 프로토콜은 운동 중 지질 산화로 지방의 재분배를 증가시킬 수 있으며 일반적인 인터벌 트레이닝 보다 인슐린 민감성을 증가시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 결국, 본 연구에서 지속적인 저강도의 운동은 지질 대사를 향상시키고, 지질 대사의 증가는 비만여성의 인슐린 민감성을 높여 주는 것과 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 건강을 위한 운동재활의 강도를 설정하는 데 있어서 매우 중요한 지표가 될 수 있을 것이다.

대퇴각도(Q-angle)는 전상장골극(ASIS: anterior superior iliac spine)에서 슬관절(patella)의 중심을 잇는 선과 슬관절의 중심에서 경골조면(tibial tuberosity)에 이르는 선과의 각도로 정의된다. 이러한 하지의 대퇴각도가 평균보다 커질수록 슬개대퇴동통증후군(Patellofemoral pain)과 같은 런닝과 관계된 상해와 밀접한 관계가 있을 것이라고 보고되고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 대퇴각도가 실제 런닝 관련 관절상해를 발생시키는 관절부하와의 관계는 연구가 되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 대퇴각도에 따른 무릎관절 모멘트와의 관계를 연구함으로 런닝 상해의 원리와 상해예방과 치료를 위한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 건강한 10명의 남성피험자들이 실험에 참여하였다. 실험을 위해서 6대의 3차원 동작 분석용 고속카메라(Motion Analysis Corporation, USA)와 1대의 지면반력기(Kistler, Switzerland)가 이용되었으며 런닝시 지지기의 무릎관절각도와 관절모멘트가 산출되었다. 먼저 피험자들의 대퇴각도가 측정되었고 이후 동일한 런닝화를 착용하고 4.0±0.2m/s의 속도로 10회의 런닝을 실시하였다. 연구결과에서 대퇴관절각도가 큰 그룹(8.1±0.4°)과 작은 그룹(15.4±1.7°)간에 무릎의 각도는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). 다만 대퇴각도가 작은 경우 런닝의 지지기동안 상대적으로 무릎이 보다 내전(adduction)되는 경향을 보여주었다. 한편 대퇴각도가 작은 경우 대퇴각도가 큰 경우에 비해 런닝간 발생하는 모멘트가 상대적으로 높은 경향을 나타났다. 하지만 통계적으로는 유의하게 나타나지는 않았다(p=0.14). 본 연구에서는 대퇴각도와 무릎관절 부하와의 밀접한 관계를 규명하지는 못하였다. 차후의 연구에서는 다양한 대퇴각도를 포함하는 피험자수를 포함시킴으로써 통계적유의 수준을 향상시킬 수 있다고 판단되어 진다. 하지의 대퇴각도와 무릎관절 부하의 관계를 통해서 런닝 상해의 원리를 보다 이해할 수 있다면 상해를 예방하거나 상해발생시 개개인에 맞는 효과적인 운동재활프로그램을 개발하는데 매우 유용한 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate in cerebral blood flow velocity, pulsatility index, O2 uptake in various exercise intensity of Judo athletes. Twelve healthy males received the medical test and stress test. After a week, they were tested by transcranial doppler ultrasonography at stable(before exercise), moderate exercise intensity(O2max 50%), maximal exercise intensity(O2max 100%), recovery time 1-minute and 3-minute, respectively. First, systolic cerebral blood flow velocity(sCBFV) was significantly different in group and time, diastolic cerebral blood flow velocity(dCBFV) was significantly different in time and interaction, and then mean cerebral blood flow velocity(mCBFV) was significantly different in group and time. These results mean that regular exercise may increase the blood flow supply and facilitate the recovery ability in men. Second, the pulsatility Indices were significantly different in time and interaction. The pulsatility Indices of exercise group were down-regulated in maximal exercise intensity, recovery time 1-minute and 3-minute, respectively. These results mean that regular exercise may decrease the stickness of arteries and increase the circulation of body. Finally, O2 uptakes were significantly different in group, time, and interaction, respectively. At last, the O2max significantly correlated with sCBFV(r=0.680, p=0.015), dCBFV(r=0.662, p=0.019), and mCBFV(r=0.671, p=0.017), respectively. The sCBFV significantly correlated with dCBFV(r=0.846, p=0.001) and mCBFV(r=0.958, p=0.001), respectively. The dCBFV significantly correlated with mCBFV(r=0.948, p=0.001) and pulsatility Indices(r=-0.644, p=0.024), respectively. In conclusion, O2 represents the higher correlation coefficients with cerebral blood flow velocity and pulsatility index, regular exercise may enhance the blood flow velocity in exercising and recovering from maximal exercise.

The dramatic changes in the way people live in modern society have led to an increase in emergency situations such as cardiac arrest and thus the need for appropriate BLS. This study is to examine the level of knowledge of BLS among undergraduate students. The respondents are 990 students attending Universities in Kyung Gi and Kang Won province, and the data from the BLS questionnaire was analyzed by SPSS 14.0 Version. The findings from this study were as follows: First, 12.16 out of 22 points was an average score(55.27 in case of covert into a percentage) of all subjects, and there was a significant differences between grade(p=.000), major(p=.006), and education experience(p=.000) in terms of general background. Second, in terms of major category, there was a significant differences between grade(p=.000), and education experience(p=.000) of the students majored in physical education and medical & nursing science. Third, in terms of education experience category, there was a significant differences between grade(p=.000), and major(p=.025) in the students educated about BLS. The results of the study showed a lack of knowledge and education opportunity among undergraduate students about BLS. More exposure to or proper education of BLS, therefore, is required. Additionally, the regular reeducation of the students who majored in physical education and medical & nursing science or the students educated about BLS is also recommended.