Earticle

The population of aged people is rapidly increasing in Korean society. However, social protective actions are insufficient for the aged. In this present study, the role of exercise rehabilitation leader was investigated via the aged life health keeping solution center management. Exercise rehabilitation programs for the aged was developed by experts in various fields; health, social welfare, physical education and special education. Registered volunteers specially the aged-related department of universities in Korea, social welfare centers, public health centers and sanatoriums, were trained exercise rehabilitation program for elderly for 7 weeks (80 hour). Finally 25 volunteers was selected and participated in this study. These were volunteered for the aged in S city sanatorium for 12 weeks (3 hour/week). The aged was participated in exercise rehabilitation recreation, exercise rehabilitation massage, cranio-sacral exercise rehabilitation, exercise rehabilitation gymnastics. After 12 weeks, the aged improved in physical and mental conditions. They wanted to get this service(exercise rehabilitation programs for the aged by exercise rehabilitation leader) continuously. Volunteers (exercise rehabilitation leaders) recognized that exercise rehabilitation is positive effects on the aged after this program education and volunteering activities. They also requested that easy to applied exercise rehabilitation programs must be developed in this fields. Aged people sanitarium administrators were found the beneficial effects of the aged life and hoped to expect the role of exercise rehabilitation leaders. This study showed that exercise rehabilitation leader performed the pivotal role for enriched lives of the aged in the health keeping solution center management. Finally, functions of exercise rehabilitation leader might be a important part for the embodies of green health welfare.

This study was to describe the motivation for rehabilitation, gait function(velocity, cadence, affected side step-length, stride-length and single-limb support) and quality of life in stroke patients. The 70 subjects were assessed on quality of life was measure Stroke-Specific Quality of Life(SS-QOL), motivation for rehabilitation and gait function(by GAITRite). The multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluation the impact of quality of life on motivation for rehabilitation, gait velocity, cadence, affected side step-length, stride-length and single-limb support. As a result, the motivation for rehabilitation showed the strangest variance in work(p<.001), total SS-QOL(p<.05) and upper extremity function(p<.05). the affected side step-length of gait function showed the strongest variance in social role (p<.001), total SS-QOL(p<.01) and family(p<.05) while the affected side stride-length of gait function showed the strongest variance in mobility(p<.01). The gait velocity and affected side single-limb support of gait function showed the strongest variance in self care(p<.05). Finally, the cadence of gait function showed the strongest variance in upper extremity function(p<.001), work(p<.05). Therefore, we should come up with exercise programs to provide patients after stroke so that they can increase their quality of life.

The purpose of this study was to develop a rehabilitation recreation gymnastics program appropriate for poor-health elderly people; and to test its effects on grip strength and subjective well-being. The subjects consisted of 70 ~ 73 poor-health elderly women. The subjects received a 8-week rehabilitation recreation program at a frequency of three lessons per week, for 3o minutes. The methods of data collection included pre-/post-test measurements of the grip strength and subjective well-being for all participants. The rehabilitation recreation gymnastics program compositions are: (1) warm up program(finger gymnastics, endorphin gymnastics), (2) main program(blood circulation gymnastics, strength improvement program gymnastics), (3) cool down program(flexibility and meditation gymnastics) within 30~40 minute. The findings of this study provide evidence that the rehabilitation recreation gymnastics program facilitates significant improvement in the grip strength and subjective well-being of poor-health elderly women. It is suggested that subjects need to contrast the experimental group with control group in future study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of resilience as the predictable variable of exercise behavior movement of elderly. Through judgment sampling method, selected 382 survey questionnaires included male 192, female 187 were used for analysis from general elderly. With the collected data, t-test, independent sample one-way ANOVA, factor analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis. The results of the analysis were summarized as follows. First, there were significant differences temptation control and positive thinking in the sex variable. The score of male elderly was high than that of female elderly. Second, there were significant differences all parts of resilience according to level of exercise That was that there was high score according to from indifference level to maintain exercise level in the cause analysis, emotion control, temptation control, gratitude, positive thinking, relationship, and communication, Third, there were significant discriminant differences in temptation control in the resilience as predictive variable in the elderly. This results were discussed in terms of exercise program of elderly and other variable with respect of antecedents variable of resilience in the all ages.

This study specifically analyzes and closely examines relationship in each variable between private guards' leisure activity participation and job stress, job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Thus, the aim is to suggest substantial data for private guards' stress control, job satisfaction, and ultimately improvement in quality of life through positive participation in leisure activity. First, in the relationship between private guards' leisure activity participation and job stress, job satisfaction & life satisfaction, the significant influence was indicated in participatory time for job environment and human relation, which are sub-factors of job stress, in participatory time and participatory period for co-worker satisfaction, which is sub-factor of job satisfaction, and in participatory frequency and participatory time for job satisfaction. Second, in the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction and life satisfaction, the significant influence was indicated in job environment and job characteristic for all of promotion satisfaction, co-worker satisfaction, and workplace satisfaction, which are sub-factors of job satisfaction, and in job characteristic for life satisfaction.

This thesis interpreted how behavioral communication between hearing-impaired university students and the instructor would act on the contents of education in ski class. For this, data was collected through literature research, interview and participatory observation for hearing-impaired university students as the study participants who attended the winter session-ski class. Through this, it was analyzed of suggestions for rehabilitation and improvements of behavioral communication between the instructor and hearing-impaired university students in delivering the contents of class. The results of this study found that hearing-impaired university students participated in the ski class accepted the educational communication after going through the steps like unfamiliarity, difficulties and sense of accomplishment with the general theory class and other practical lesson. This study also interpreted the accepting process of acquiring skiing techniques and delivering the contents of class through behavioral two-way communication between hearing-impaired university students and the instructor. key words : hearing-impaired university

The purpose of this study was to investigated participation constraints and negotiation strategy in physical activity of senior citizens. For this purpose, we sampled 100 senior citizens . Participants were contacted individually and answered a series of unstructured in-depth interview on their negotiation method from the participant's perspective. Two processes were used to establish reliability, that is random triangulation of the data through a second content analysis, and member check. The data were drawn from verbatim transcription of the interview and were inductively content analyzed. The study result are as follows: Participation constraints in physical activity of senior citizens emerged from in-deep interview included accessibility, health condition decline, lack of time, finance ability, weather condition, motivation decline, and, conflict. For tins, negotiation strategy emerged from in-deep interview included change of place, other vehicle, request help others, prioritisation, adjust the time to participate, preclude unnecessary time, personal exercise, saving, change of exercise type, job search(part-time job), ignore, combination treatment and exercise, consultation, internet usage, resting, expressed willingness, and try dialogue.

The aim of this study was to determine effect of a task-oriented circuit training for functional performance after stroke. Subject was 20 outpatients and randomly divided into two group: 10 subjects were experimental group who executed the task-oriented circuit training (3 times/wk) and general physical-occupational therapy(5 times/wk) for 4 week. 10 subjects were control group who executed only general physical-occupational therapy(5 times/wk) for 4 week. All subject were evaluated about 10m walking test, 6 minutes walking test, physical activity scale for individuals with physical disability(PASIPD). Subject have conducted the measurement variable, 10MW, 6MW, PASIPD ,before and after 4week of exercise, respectively. An independent t-test was used to determine the between the experimental group and the control group after 4 week of exercise. While a paired t-test was used to examine the differences in the experimental group before and after the task-oriented circuit training. Results are as follows : There was statistically significant increase of 10m walking test of experimental group after 4 weeks of task-oriented circuit training(p<.05). There was statistically significant increase of 6 min walking test of experimental group after 4 weeks of task-oriented circuit training(p<.05). There was statistically significant increase of PASIPD of experimental group after 4 weeks of task-oriented circuit training(p<.05). There were statistically difference of 10MW, 6MW, PASIPD between experimental group and control group(p<.05). This study proved that task-oriented circuit training after stroke can improve functional performance. Thus, this study suggest that task-oriented circuit training for functional performance be effective on the stroke rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate difference according to sequence of resistance and aerobic exercise resulted in average heart rate(AHR), energy expenditure(EE) during moderate combined exercise in college men. Subjects were 8 P.E. college males(age:22.8±1.72yrs; height:173.8±2.92cm, weight:72.0±3.02kg, %body fat:17.0±2.51%). Participants performed total mixed exercise program(aerobic and resistance exercise) with difference orders. One way was “aerobic exercise first follow resistance exercise(AR)”and the other way was“resistance exercise first follow aerobic exercise(RA)”. They performed a warm-up on calisthenics and stretching for 5minutes, and then for 30 minutes did continuous cycling on the bike ergometer with 5kp 65rpm. at the beginning(15min)+6kp 70rpm until the ending(15min) and for 30 minutes did resistance exercise including 2 sets of 10 reps at about 60% of their 1RM of each 6 exercise events, while heart rate and energy expenditure were continuously measured for 65min. Main experimental devices were Polar(S810i, Finland) and Inbody(3.0, Korea) to measure variables. The obtained data were analyzed by independent t-test. The significance level was p<.05. There were significant difference on energy expenditure and average heart rate during aerobic and resistance exercise between exercise types(p<.01, p<.05 respectively). Also, there were significant difference on energy expenditure and average heart rate according to order(p<.05, p<.01 respectively). On the one hand, the total energy expenditure and average heart rate were no significant difference between AR and RA way. But the aerobic exercise was more expenditure the energy than resistance during same exercise time. Also, when we perform one exercise as the second a bout of combined exercise it was more consuming the calory than when we do first the same exercise. Based on the results of this study, to the aerobic exercise had a greater impact on energy expenditure and average heart rate than the resistance exercise. We suggested that we do perform the resistance exercise before aerobic exercise, it was more improve exercise volume than opposite type.

This study has a purpose that we help intellectual disability students improve body coordination by applying systematic underwater exercise program to them who fall behind body coordination. In order to achieve this purpose, We select three students of the first form in the middle school living in the D children advancement center located in Kyunggi province and we select two students of the second string and one student of the third string about the degree of retardation. The method is we put in operation withdrawal design of single subject research. Body Coordination Test tool is used by plans of A(Baseline)-B(Intervention)-A'(Return to Baseline) for administration of data and we analysis the result records through graphic analysis, moving these to a chart. After we analysis the data, we get the results like these through the process of study. First, Aquatic exercise participation affects on equilibrium disposition of intellectual disability students. Second, Aquatic exercise participation affects on promptitude disposition of intellectual disability students. Third, Aquatic exercise participation affects on shift disposition of intellectual disability students. Fourth, Aquatic exercise participation affects on sex distinction of intellectual disability students. Fifth, Aquatic exercise participation affects on disorder degree of intellectual disability students

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training types on body composition and metabolic syndrome risk factors in the obese elderly women. Twenty-four female subjects, do not exercising regularly, and aged over 65 years old, were randomly selected to; Combined exercise training group(N=12) and Control group(N=12). Combined exercise training program was developed based upon the guidelines of the previous studies on physical activity in relation with the combined exercises. Combined exercise training(walking exercise + balance exercise + elastic band exercise + yoga exercise) was performed 3 times per week, for 80minutes each time, for 12- weeks. The critical value for all statistical analyzes was used were the paired t-test, α=.05. All date well affected were processed into SPSS Windows 17.0. Date were analyzed via the matiere use of paired t-test and independent t-test. The results of this study were as follows; Overall, participation in a 12-weeks combined exercise had positive impact on the body composition and metabolic syndrome risk factors in the obese elderly women. Based on the results of this study, that the obese elderly women are encouraged to participate in a combined exercises program on the regular basis.

The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical factors about controlling distance by analyzing the biomechanical variable of pitch shots within 100 yards. For the study, each of the subjects who are the 9 professionals were picked out to measure distances of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of sand wedge full-swing. To analyze the biomechanical variables of the subjects, We took the scene analysis, foot-pressure analysis. The data were analyzed utilizing one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The Turkey's method was used to prove the results and the study was experimented within the statistical level of p<.05. Followings are the conclusions obtained by the experiments: In case of the address poses, the stance width and left foot open angle got smaller in order of the distances of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%. In case of the swing, the whole movement time and turning angle of left arm ․ club ․ shoulder got smaller in order of the distances of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, however, the angle of cocking got bigger. In the case of back swing top, the maximum force rate of left foot got heavier in order of distances of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%. In impact, maximum club head velocity got slower in order of the distances of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%.

Inflammation is a common feature in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-associated diseases. Exercise has been recommended as an aid to smoking cessation and may also play an important role in the acute management of tobacco withdrawal symptoms. We investigated the effects of 10-Week golf swing exercise program on maximal oxygen uptake and inflammatory responses in habitual smokers. Thirty-two healthy male volunteers participated in the exercise program. They were divided into habitual smoker and non smoker groups. Each group also randomly divided into 10-Week golf swing exercise and no exercise groups. Exercise groups were participated in golf in golf swing exercise for 90min once a day during 10 week. To whether levels of inflammatory responses(C-reactive protein: CRP, fibrinogen), we used commercial assay kits, respectively using isolated human plasma collected immediately after smoke. This study showed the levels of CRP and fibrinogen is increased in the habitual males after smoke and exercise inflammatory responses in decreased through acute golf swing exercise for 90 minutes. 10-week golf exercise improved maximal oxygen uptake in the exercise groups(p< .05). In addition, fibrinogen level decreased after 10- week golf swing exercise(p .05), whereas CRP level were not changed significantly. The present results demonstrate that both acute and long-term golf swing exercise suppress the smoke-induced increase of on inflammatory responses. These results suggest that golf swing exercise in the healthy smoker may enhance pulmonary function and reduce the risk of progressing to reduce the risk of progressing to regular smoking.

The purpose of this study was to regular physical activity on cardio-respirtory fitness and serum BDNF in adolescence. Subjects were regular physical activity group(age 12.80±1.86, n=15), control group(age 12.60±1.81, n=15). We tested maximal oxygen uptake using graded exercise test to investigate a correlation on body fat, BDNF and cardio-respirtory fitness. Results, there was statistically significant difference on body fat, BDNF and cardio-respirtory fitness between regular physical activity group as well control group. There was statistically significant positive correlation on body fat, VO2max, HRmax and cardio-respirtory fitness with serum BDNF. There results are meaning that BDNF creation is relation with long team physical activity. Further more, they improvement of body fat and cardio-respirtory fitness from regular physical activity to develop brain health.

본 연구에서는 공간학습과 트레드밀 운동이 생쥐의 기억능력에 미치는 효과를 규명고자 하였다. 본 연구의 실험동물은 C57BL 계열 생쥐 6주령 수컷(32.5 ± 2.5 g) 60마리를 사용하였으며, 실험실 환경에 적응시킨 후 대조군, 학습군, 운동군, 그리고 학습- 운동군으로 각 15마리씩 무작위 배정하였다. 운동군과 학습-운동군은 트레드밀 운동을 실시하였는데, 1일 30분, 6주 동안 7 m/min 5분, 10 m/min 5분, 그리고 13 m/min 20분 중강도 운동을 각각 12회, 6회 실시하였다. 공간학습은 radial 8-arm maze 를 사용하여 절수한 실험동물이 5분 이내에 8개 통로의 물을 모두 찾을 때까지 연속적으로 학습군은 6주간 12회, 학습-운동군 은 6주간 6회 훈련시켰으며, 모든 그룹의 실험 전ㆍ후로 기억능력을 측정하기 위하여 radial 8-arm maze 검사와 step-down avoidance task를 실시하였다. 해마부위의 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) 양성세포수와 brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)의 발현량을 조사하기 위하여 각각 면역조직화학법과 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응 (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR)법을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 기억능력 검사에서 예상했던 운동과 학습에 따른 가중효과가 관찰되지 않 았지만, 대조군과 비교하여 학습군과 학습-운동군의 기억능력이 유의하게 증가하였다(p < .05). 또한 해마 부위에서 BrdU 양성 세포수는 대조군과 비교하여 모든 실험군에서 유의하게 증가하였고(p < .05), 특히 운동군에서 가장 큰 증가를 보였다(p < .05). 동일한 부위의 BDNF mRNA도 대조군과 비교하여 모든 실험군에서 유의하게 증가하였으나(p < .05), BrdU 양성 세포수와 BDNF mRNA 발현이 일치하는 경향은 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과는 공간학습과 규칙적인 운동이 BDNF mRNA와 같 은 뇌의 신경영양성 인자를 증가시키고, 새로운 신경세포생성을 촉진시킴으로써 기억능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 가능성이 있음을 보여준다. 다만, 기억능력검사와 신경세포의 증식, 그리고 BDNF mRNA간 정량적 경향성이 일치하지 않는 것으로 보아 신경세 포 증식에 작용하는 다양한 신경영양성 인자의 발현을 함께 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.