Earticle

The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of Korean dance as a physical activity in elderly with diabetes. The effects were analyzed by using narrative inquiry. The participants of this study were 1 elderly men and 4 women over 65 years old. They had diabetes during many years and chose the Korean dance as a physical activity for diabetic self-management activities. They had regularly participated in Korean dance class of the community center twice a week. The narratives of the elderly with diabetes indicated the meaning of Korean dance to be as follows. First, the elderly with diabetes escaped from frustration which was induced by diabetes and aging. Second, they felt the pleasure of daily life and voluntary participation through familiarity and comfort movement of Korean dance which couldn't experience during other physical activities. Third, Korean dance enabled them to get back the confidence in health. Therefore, Korean dance has positive effects and attraction as physical activity for health care in elderly with diabetes.

This paper presents the effect of sensory-integration motor program on children with cerebral palsy. Five children with cerebral palsy participated in this experiment. Subjects were received the sensory-integration treatment for 45 minutes a day for 6 weeks, exclusive of Saturday and Sunday, which consisted of the stimulations of the vestibular sense, tactile sense and proprioceptive. The effects of the sensory-integration motor program were evaluated by measurements of Tomas test and Degangi-Berk test. The data obtained before and after the treatment were analyzed statistically by using Wilcoxon test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The sensory-integration motor program for the children with cerebral palsy had significant effects on their body functional development and basic movement, especially the creeping and the standing(p<0.05). 2. The sensory-integration motro program for the children with cerebral palsy had significant effects on their sensory-motor movement(Degangi-Berk test), especially the bilateral integration and the reflex integration(p<0.05).

This study was conducted to examine the effect of the cognitive-behavioral group counseling on stress and depression of the elderly in a nursing home. As pre-examination, the levels of stress and depression of both the experimental group and the control group were measured. After nine times of the cognitive-behavioral group counseling were tried for the experimental group, the levels of stress and depression of both groups were again measured. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The experimental group showed significantly low score than that of the control group in the level of stress and depression. In the later examination which was conducted after 8 weeks, the experimental group also displayed low score. The results were same as those of Western countries. In conclusion, the cognitive-behavioral group counseling appeared to be effective psychological intervention in relieving stress and depression for not only the elderly in the West and but also those in Korea.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of maximal exercise on anaerobic threshold,, blood lactate, LDH concentrations and EMG activities change in man artistic gymnasts. Twenty-one healthy, artistic gymnasts. Artistic gymnasts were divided in to business team(n=7), university team(n=7) and high school team(n=7). All subjects completed 3-min stage graded maximal treadmill exercise with bruce protocol. Bruce protocol was applied to collect the data for the anaerobic threshold, blood lactate, LDH concentrations and EMG activities. Blood samples were collected at pre, immediately after exercise and recovery 60 min. All data were presented as means ± standard deviation. There was significant differences in anaerobic thresholds measured by AT-% VO , AT-VO(㎖/㎏/min), AT-out time(min). The changes of AT-% VO , AT-VO(㎖/㎏/min), AT-out time(min) showed significantly difference between times and groups. The changes of blood lactate, LDH concentrations showed significantly difference between times and non significantly difference between groups. The changes of Surface EMG(vestus medials and vestus laterals) activities showed not significantly difference between times and groups. In the present results, It can be suggested that acute maximal exercise can influence on metabolic functions following individual working ability, muscle mass and exercise carrier difference.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the muscular exercise and balance exercise on lumbar muscular strength in patients with lumbar spine surgery. Three groups were performed 60 minutes per day and three times a week during 8 weeks. At pre and post exercise, Medx lumbas extension strength test and VAS scale were conducted. The lumbar extension strength was measured at seven degrees of lumbar flexion angles, which are 0°, 12°, 24°, 36°, 48°, 60° and 72° before and after the exercise program. Visual analogue scale was measured by modified table of visual table of analogue scale. The data were analyzed utilizing two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results were as follows: 1. As a result of measuring lumbar muscular strength before and after carrying out the exercise program, lumbar muscular strength of the balance exercise group has increased significantly (p<.001, p<.01, p0.05) compared to the muscular exercise group. 2. As a result of measuring visual analogue scale before and after carrying out the exercise program, visual analogue scale of the balance exercise group has decreased significantly (p<.05) compared to the muscular exercise group. Especially, it was shown that balance exercise training was more effective in enhancing the variables compared to resistance exercise training, indicating that the exercise training program for improving the lumbar muscular strength and the abdominal strength for patients with lumbar spine surgery..

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect that a Pilates trained group and control group have on the spinal joint range of motion and spinal movement pattern. A group of 8 female pilates instructors with over 1 year experience and a group of 7 females that had no pilates experience participated in this study. Retro-reflective markers were placed on predetermined anatomical locations of participants and dynamic spinal segment motion and radius of curvature was observed using a motion capture system(Qualisys, Sweden). Firstly, in general the spine's intersegmental angle tended to be larger for the pilates group more than the non-pilates group but this was not a big difference. Secondly, after the observation of the motion sequence made by the angle of the three vertebrae from the distal to the proximal, for the non-pilates group there was no separate sequence motion from first to the eight thoracic but there was a sequence shown by the pilates group. In conclusion, pilates is a spinal lengthening and pelvic stabilizing exercise that uses a breathing technique which can increase thoracic and rib cage mobility while also by its spinal articulation exercises the mobility of individual spinal segments can be increased.

In this study, a twelve-week Korean traditional dance program was conducted for elderly women healthy and with diabetes or hypertension, and the effects of the program on their body composition, circulatory system and blood components were compared. The effects of the Korean traditional dance program are as follows: As for effects on body composition, body weight was found to show significant difference in them (p<.05), but there was no significant difference in body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) (p>.05). In the case of changes on circulatory system, significant difference was found in the maximum blood pressure and the minimum blood pressure of the hypertension group (p<.05) but was not found in the lung capacity between the experiment and control groups (p>.05). As changes in blood components, significant difference was found with time in glucose of the control and hypertension groups (p<.05) and was found also in TC and HDL-C of the diabetes group (p<.05). The twelve-week experiment helped to conclude that a Korean traditional dance program has positive effects to some extent on the health of elderly women. Therefore, it is hoped that beneficial effects of Korean traditional dance will be introduced to more people through more systematic experiments and verification.

This study was conducted to identify the effect of muscle taping and joint taping applied to the patients with hemiplegia after stroke in improving static balance ability. Study subjects were 36 patients admitted in a general hospital, who randomly allocated 3 groups of control (applied physical therapy (PT) alone, n=12), muscle taping group (applied PT with muscle taping, n=12) and joint taping group (applied PT with joint taping, n=12). The indices of static balance ability were weight bearing, equilibrium score and stability index measured by SMART Balance Master before, just after and 24 hours after application of taping. The major findings analysed by repeated measures ANOVA were as follows;1. Weight bearing score was increased significantly just after application of taping and the effect was maintained after 24 hours in both taping groups. But there were no significant change in control group just after and 24 hours after application. 2. Equilibrium score were increased significantly just after and 24 hours after application of taping. But there were no significant change in control group just after and 24 hours after application. 3. Stability index was increased significantly just after application of taping. After 24 hours, while joint taping group showed further increase in stability index but muscle taping group did not. There were no significant change in control group just after and 24 hours after application. In conclusion, to sum up above results, both elastic taping modalities increased effectively the static balance ability of patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Furthermore, we suggest joint taping, which was similar to or more effective than muscle taping in improving static balance ability, be utilized more widely for hemiplegia patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of ankle muscular function and lower limbs bone mineral density in elderly with falling. 16 elder women volunteered for this study(8 women each in experimental and control group) and all they were over 60 year old with communicating and exercising independant. They performed ankle reinforce exercise programs 3 time a week for 10 weeks. All data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA(Mixed) by SPSS(ver 16.0) Ankle of 60 degree plantarflexion(p＜.005)/dorsiflexion(p＜.001) strength and lower limbs bone mineral density(p＜.001) were significantly different in exercise group. However, Ankle of 180 degree was not significantly different in control and experimental group. Ankle reinforce exercise programs improved ankle plantarflexion, dorsiflexion and lower limbs bone mineral density. These result might be utilized in exercise guideline for elderly people.

Training exclusively with isokinetic contractions type can result in greater muscular adaptations than training with isotonic contractions type. We aimed to determine whether training-induced increases in knee muscular strength differed between muscles performing isokinetic contractions type and isotonic contractions type when total external work is equivalent. The 16 healthy young males(8 isotonic exercise group(ITG), 8 isokinetic exercise(IKG)) completed a 8-week isokinetic and isotonic training program of the knee muscle. The isotonic knee muscle were trained using the knee extension(seated), knee flexion(prone), hip abduction, hip adduction, terminal hip flexion, terminal hip extension and isotonic contraction with the resistance set at 50% of the previously recorded maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Isokinetic knee muscle trained using velocity spectrum(two sets of 4 repetitions at each speed:60°/S, 90°/S, two sets of 6 repetitions at each speed:120°/S 150°/S, two sets of 8 repetitions at each speed:180°/S). Both training groups trained using a exercise 3 days a week for 8 week. The change of muscle strength of leg flexion and extension were measured with a CYBEX NORMTM and to examine concentric maximal isokinetic strength 60°/S, 180°/S. For the data analysis of the study results, technical statistics was calculated using the SPSS 13.0 statistic program, and the two-way repeated analysis of variance(Two-way repeated ANOVA) was conducted. The result were as followings. The peak torque/BW between training stages in time of flexion, extension 60°/S, 180°/S(left, right) showed great significant difference(p<0.05) but between groups showed no significant difference. The total work between training stages in time of flexion, extension 60°/S, 180°/S(left, right) showed great significant difference(p<0.05) but between groups showed no significant difference. This study confirmed that isotonic training has been reported to be equal to or more effecitive than isokinetic training in which muscle contraction are similar to functional movement.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of aerobic exercise frequency on lipids profile and liver function as well as creatine phosphokinase(CPK) activity in dyslipidemia elderly women. For the purpose, the subjects of this study were assigned into three groups, who the first was 3 times/week exercise group (3-EG, n=8), the second was 6 times/week exercise group (6-EG, n=8), and the last was 12 times/week exercise group (12-EG, n=7). The aerobic exercise programs were operated on warm-up (10min), work-out (30~50min), and cool-down (10min) for 24 weeks. The results were as follows : At first, TG, HDL-C as well as LDL-C were significantly improved for 6-EG more than other groups. At second, AST and ALT were significantly improved for 6-EG more than other groups. At last, the level of CPK was no significantly different among groups. Therefore, we summarize the results that aerobic exercise was improvement lipids profile and liver function in all groups. But, weekly exercise frequency were more effective in 6-EG more than other groups on protection and improvement on dyslipidemia as well as liver function.

The purpose of the current study was investigate whether or not the insulin resistance markers and resistin were associated with long term exercise training and obesity in athletes, non-obese, and obese. A total 22 young men of university students(7 athletes, 8 non-obese, and 7 obese) voluntarily participated in this study. Body composition(body weight, percent body fat, waist circumference), blood pressure, blood chemistry(glocose, insulin, lipids, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance<HOMA-IR>, resistin) were measured using our standardized protocols. cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF) was measurred as the maximum volume of the minute oxygen consumption during a graded treadmill testing. From the current study, we found the following results. Athletes and obese group had significantly higher values of SBP, CRF than the non-obese, and athletes and non-obese group had significantly higher HDLC than obese group, and obese group had significantly higher HOMA-IR than athletes and non-obese group. No such relationship between the resistin and athletes, non-obese, obese korean young men.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical fitness of people with mental retardation and insulin resistance according to β3-AR gene polymorphism. 13-17 aged people with mental retardation were selected and all subjects can communicate, have been not take antipsychotic drugs. The investigator confirmed the polymorphism of β3-AR gene via PCR technique and divided subjects into two groups(Trp/Trp, Trp/Arg). Through this study the distributions of β3-AR gene polymorphism and difference in the Physical fitness factors(6m PACER, modified curl-ups, trunk flection), body composition(height, body weight, BMI, waist measurement, hip circumference, diastolic BP, systolic BP, heart rate) and blood factosr(total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin resistance and insulin) were identified. To examine the difference between two groups according to the β3-AR gene polymorphism, independent sample t-test was carried out using SPSS/PC16.0. Study findings are as follows: There is no significant difference in such obesity factors as body fat and WHR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and stabilized heart rate according to the obese gene polymorphism. The 16m PACER and modified curl-ups were higher in the TT group and it was statistically significant. The trunk flexion forward, which presenting flexibility, was higher in the TT group than the TA group, but it was not statistically significant. Blood glucose and insuline resistance were higher in the TA group significantly. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol, TG, HDL and insulin. Although the β3-AR obese gene polymorphism cannot be directly regarded as the cause of obesity, its relationship with physical fitness and insuline resistance was confirmed in this study. Therefore, if the β3-AR gene polymorphism is checked in advance, obesity and secondary cardiovascular disease could be prevented. In addition, the confirmation of β3-AR obese gene polymorphism in advance seemingly has a positive effect as basic data for the working out of a health maintenance and promotion program.

본 연구는 8주간의 트레드밀 걷기 운동이 흡연 남성 대학생의 폐기능에 미치는 영향을 폐활량(lung capacity), 폐용적(lung volume) 관련 변인과 최대 노력성 호기곡선(maximal effort expiratory spirogram) 관련 변인을 통하여 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 참여자는 총 16명 중에서 중도 탈락된 2명을 제외한 총 14명으로 흡연군(n=7)과 흡연 운동군(n=7)으로 구성하였다. 운 동은 트레드밀 걷기 운동으로 8주간, 매일 1시간, 60-80% HRR(heart reserve rate) 강도의 운동으로 실시하였다. 흡연에 대한 운동의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 운동 전·후로 폐기능 검사(pulmonary function test)를 실시하였다. 통계적인 기법으로는 집단 간 사전 동질성을 확인하기 위하여 independent t-test, 운동 전·후의 집단 내와 집단 간의 비교를 위하여 dependent t-test와 independent t-test가 사용되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 최대 노력성 환기량(maximal voluntary ventilation)에 서는 운동 종료 시점에서 대조군에서는 유의한 감소와 흡연 운동군에서 유의한 증가가 나타났다. 둘째, 최대 노력성 호기 곡 선 관련 변인의 변화에서는 최대 호기 유량(peak expiratory flow)과 FEF25%에서 트레드밀 운동에 따른 흡연 운동군의 유의한 증가가 나타났다. 결론적으로, 흡연은 폐기능의 감소를 가져오지만 트레드밀 걷기 운동은 최대 노력성 환기량, 최대 호기 유량 과 FEF25%에서 폐 기능의 유지와 증가에 영향을 줄 수 있는 대안적인 방법으로 제시될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

The purposes of the present study were to examine the association between Fat mass and muscle strength and bone mineral density(BMD) the elderly women. The muscle strength is also regarded as predictive factor to the bone mineral density. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the correlation between muscle strength and body composition and bone mineral status. The subject consists of 137 old women. The subjects were tested for anthropometry. At the same time the heel(calcaneus bone) BMD(HBMD) were measured by quantitative ultrasonography(QUS). body composition was measured by inbody 7.0(bioelectrical impedance analysis). Isokinetic knee flexion, extension peak torque measured using a BIODEX system 4 dynamometer. Correlation analyses showed that HBMD of old women was correlated isokinetic variable, but not percent fat, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat. The cut-off value of 60˚/sec extenstion peak torque, according to the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 66.1Nm(sensitivity 84.48%, specificity 53.16%, p<.05) and 180˚/sec flexion peak torque, according to the receiver operating characte- ristic curve, was 22.3.1Nm(sensitivity 81.03%, specificity 50.63%, p<.05) and 180˚/sec extenstion peak torque, according to the receiver operating characte- ristic curve, was 44.6Nm(sensitivity 87.93%, specificity 49.37%, p<.01). In conclusion LBM, lower leg strength of old women is believed to the best factor predictive to HBMD. however the relationship of HBMD with body fat is attenuated with old women.