Earticle

This purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among training participate motivation, training satisfaction and teaching belief to exercise rehabilitation instructor. To achieve the purpose, 368 subjects from Exercise Rehabilitation Instructor training participate who are currently enrolled in Korean Exercise Rehabilitation Association sampled by the convenience sampling method. The survey questionnaire were 1) the training participate motivation developed by Eccles, Wigfiled, Harold, & Blumenfeld (1993) and standardized in the Korea language by Ha(2005) , and developed by Choi (1986), 2) the training satisfaction developed by Kim (2002); and 3) the teaching belief scale developed by Choi (2005). The statistical methods utilized in the study for analyzing the collected data were factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlate analysis and covariance structure analysis using SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0. The following results were obtained: Firstly, internal motivation of training participate influences training satisfaction in exercise rehabilitation instructor. Secondly, internal motivation of training participate influences teaching belief in exercise rehabilitation instructor. Thirdly, external motivation of training participate influences training satisfaction in exercise rehabilitation instructor. Forthly, external motivation of training participate not influences teaching belief in exercise rehabilitation instructor. lastly, relationships among training participate motivation, training satisfaction and teaching belief to exercise rehabilitation instructor were the causal relation.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the statue of mental health of Korean immigrants in US and make the therapeutic recreation strategy based on the outcome. The researchers used the SCL-90-R appraising 9 factors: somatization(som), obsessive-compulsive(oc), interpersonal sensitivity(is), depression(dep), anxiety(anx), hostility(hos), phobic anxiety(phob), paranoid ideation(par), and psychoticism(psy) by Derogatis(1994) to measure the mental status by on-line survey, the 150 data was used to analyse the difference with their personal characteristics. As the results, the paranoid and anxiety revealed main problems among immigrants' mental health. Results indicated the significant difference in gender, age, martial status, grade, religion, and residence period in immigrants' mental health. The purpose of therapeutic recreation are to relieve symptom of paranoid and anxiety. There are 3 major intervention of mental health in phases; that is cognitive-behavioral approach in change in attitude at first, social psychological approach in increasing the degree of self-esteem in second, and leisure approach such as counseling, education and recreation participation to maintain the balance between studying and leisure.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dance therapy program on the cognitive performance of memory, and depression of elderly with dementia. The elderly with dementia above the age of 65 in G nursing home of Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, participated and 22 people were chosen and they were randomly placed in two groups of the experimental and control groups. The guasi-experimental design was applied to investigate the effect of the cognitive performance of memory, and depression after dance therapy program was performed during 12 weeks. The data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed -Ranks Test. In the result, the difference of cognitive performance of memory between the experimental and control group was statistically invaluable, and pretest and posttest cognitive performance of memory of experimental group were also invaluable statistically. However, posttest scores were improved in comparison to pretest scores in the memory test for words list of lower rank factors. The difference of depression between the experimental and control group was statistically invaluable, but posttest scores for depression was reduced in comparison to pretest scores in the experimental group after dance therapy program was performed.

The body motion in the Taoist massage has purpose on longevity to copy a beast motion , to brighten and refine the features, to promote human's blood vessel environment and strengthening of muscles through natural limbs without any excess. The comparing to modern empty hand gymnastic, the lift and push motion of head, neck, arm is correspond to neck exercise, the twist motion in Taoist massage is correspond to arm and shoulder exercise, the bend and pull back motion is correspond to trunk exercise which is empty hand gymnastic in nowadays, the extending waist and kicking the land with foot are correspond to waist and foot exercise. The dangle, hand-standing, twist motion are very similar to whole body exercise in nowadays, Because the form of empty hand gymnastic exercise are correspond to the whole part of body structure which can be move with anatomical, the every motion which factor can be found in the Taoist massage of bending, lifting, shaking, turning, twisting, laying, widening, pull back, rotating are included, the scrubbing, beating, rubbing which are not included in modern gymnastic are remarkable.

Along with the rise of an ageing society, old people who need continuous rehabilitation services increase. Especially, many old people fell to become patients who lay in beds with deterioration of physical function because rehabilitation services was not provided for them. This study is conducted to supply basic data to activate rehabilitation services for the elderly in home care. Rehabilitation services for the elderly in home care are provided by the team including doctors, nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, social workers, etc. At present, integrated rehabilitation services for the elderly in home care are not provided. It is provided mainly by nurses as a part of home-based health or nursing services. Home-based rehabilitation services are excluded in the long-term care insurance system for the elderly. In order to activate rehabilitation services for the elderly in home care, home-based rehabilitation services must be first of all introduced. Then specialized home-based rehabilitation programs need to be developed in home-based health services by public health centers and specialization of home-based rehabilitation services in home-based nursing services by general hospitals is required. The role of each rehabilitation manpower must be established with procurement of professional personnel. The publicity and research of home-based rehabilitation services must be also intensified.

The purpose of this study was to grasp the perception of athletic instructor and realities of athletic club in special school for mental retarded․emotional disordered children, hereby to provide the plan for efficient management and operation of athletic club in special school. The questionnaire used in this study was revised based on previous research and frequency analysis was conducted by four variables with 173 teachers. The results of analysis were as followed. First, instructors recognized athletic club activities to be 'very important', and 'very useful' in improving physical strength of students, and considered 'improving social adaptability' to be the most important among significant value of sports activities. Also, instructors answered that 'desirable instruction view and enthusiasm by themselves were the most required qualities, and most of them replied that 'assuming physical education' was the main reason why they came to manage athletic club. Many of them answered that the degree by which they were satisfied with its operation was 'normal', but some responded that they were not satisfied because of heavy work, and insufficient treatment for instructors. Second, many answered that intellectual disability, and absence of full-time coach and assistant coach besides special teacher were the major obstacles. Academic achievements of student players were mostly in mid-upper class, and most answered that 'early semester' was the fittest chance to select players, and that 'instructors scout players in person.' Also, many replied that they 'respect the student's mind' when participating in athletic club, and that 'aggravation of illness' makes it difficult to choose and organize players. Most parents were positive in actively supporting athletic club. Third, most players exercised averagely '1~2 hour' a day, 2~3 days a week after school. They were continuing exercises straight through semesters except vacation, during which they, in many cases, paused due to difficult management. Players took part in two competitions on average annually, most of which was 'Special Olympics'. Track and field was the most directed event, and many responded that a single player was participating multiple events, and majority of them were actively engaged in the training. Fourth, many replied that athletic clubs were getting passive administrative․ financial support, practically offered by school, and education office, and that firm principles on the manger's athletic club operation and institutional concern for instructors were necessary.

The present study is aimed at conducting an empirical analysis of the relationship among daily stress, satisfaction with leisure and delinquencies of the students who are participating in physical activities for leisure in an attempt to suggest possibilities for the youth to form holistic characters and find appropriate way of leisure activities as positive effects of their involvement in physical activities on psychological as well as social rehabilitation, reduction of daily stress, and satisfaction with leisure. From the analysis, following conclusions could be drawn: First, the group of the youth who do not participate in leisure activities seems to experience statistically more significant stress in daily life, including the variants of stress related, for instances, to peers, family, parents, surrounding environment, study and teachers than the group who used to participate in leisure activities; Second, the non-participating group is found to have statistically more significant satisfaction with leisure in all the variants, eg. physiologically, psychologically, socially, pedagogically as well as leisurely than the participating group; Third, both the participating and non-participating groups show similar types of delinquencies in anti-social, dormant and non-social terms, without statistically significant difference with each other; and Fourth and in conclusion, with regard to causal relationship between daily stress, satisfaction with leisure and type of delinquencies of the youth, non-social delinquency turns out to exercise influence on peers, surrounding environment and satisfaction with environment in order, while dormant delinquency influences the relationship in connection with surrounding environment, social satisfaction, family and teachers in order, and anti-social delinquency affects the relationship with peers, family, education, surrounding environment, parents and teachers in order.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of elastic band exercise on atherosclerosis indices and C-reactive protein in the disabled people with spinal cord injury. This study selected 16 spinal cord injury subjects as the new users among users of the rehabilitation facility in K, and randomly assigned the two groups(exercise group: 8persons, non-exercise group: 8persons). The measurement items of pre-and post-exercise measured atherosclerosis indices and vascular inflammation indices by analyzing blood, and the data the study was analyzed through the paired t-test and independent t-test by means of SPSS 14.0 program. In conclusion, elastic band exercise positively affected atherosclerosis indices(TG/HDL-C) of the exercise group with exercise intensity of Borg’s RPM 12-15(HRR 60~80%), and the difference between the two groups had a positive effect on changes in atherosclerosis indices(TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C) of the exercise group.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise rehabilitation after meniscus transplantation on the isokinetic muscular strength in knee joint, and to present the model of the effective exercise rehabilitation program. Subjects were 11 meniscus transplantation patients(male:5, female:6). Isokinetic muscular strength was measured repeatedly at pre-exercise, 6th week, and 12th week during 12-week exercise rehabilitation program(3 times per week, 80~90 min. per time). As a result, in the uninvolved side extension and flexion strength were increased significantly at 6th week. In the involved side, extension and flexion strength were increased significantly at 6th week and thereafter(p<.001). Uninvolved/involved strength ratio was increased significantly at 6th week in extensor, and increased significantly at 6th week and thereafter in flexor. H/Q ratio was increased significantly at 6th week in the uninvolved side(p<.001). In conclusion it is suggested that 12-week exercise rehabilitation program in this study after meniscus transplantation should have the positive effect on the recovery of muscular strength in knee joint.

The purposes of this study were to uncover a frequency and type of injuries occurred to B-boys after performing dance and examine the effect of dance performance on the change of serum creatine phosphokinase(CPK) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) activity on pre, post-dance performance and rest. Firstly, a total of 36 B-boys participated in injury survey. Secondly, B-boy group and control group were to investigate the change of serum concentrations of CPK & COMP. The results were as follows: All participants reported that they experienced injuries at least once. The wrists were the most frequently mentioned part of body injuries from the participants. The type of injuries was muscle soreness and the cause was attributed to lack of warm-up. The results of the experiment indicated that there was significant increase in serum CPK(p=.004) and COMP(p=.005) activity at post compared to pre dance performance. These results suggested that the increased levels of serum CPK and COMP at B-boying dance should be considered to be a specific muscle and joint injury marker such as physiological stress. Based on the results, it was recommended for B-boys to sufficiently warm up before performing dance.

The purpose of this study was to prove effects of the swimming program for 12 weeks on CBC, WBC subtype, and blood pressure in students with mild intellectual disability. Targeting 16 students with intellectual disability, the experimental group was carried out the swimming program with 4 stations for 12 weeks. The control group wasn't treated for 12 weeks. By observing effects on each variable as for two groups before and after program, the following conclusions were obtained. First, the swimming program for 12 weeks had influence upon a rise in numerical value of RBC, Hg, Hct, MCHC out of CBC. Second, the swimming program for 12 weeks had influence upon a reduction in numerical value only of monocyte out of WBC subtype. Third, the swimming program for 12 weeks had influence upon reduction in blood pressure. As these results, the swimming program for 12 weeks can be known to have positively influenced RBC, Hg, Hct, MCHC, monocyte, and blood pressure among blood cells as for students with intellectual disability. To verify effects on blood cell through exercise, the positive influence is seen to be likely necessary for being verified upon blood cell through exercise, by inspecting the program, which was varied the exercise strength, and the maintenance period after training, and verifying a change right after exercise and in the recovery period rather than a change through blood-gathering when being stabilized.

The purpose of this study is whether six-week home adductor exercise brings effective results on adductor muscles and pelvic floor muscles. This study observed results using legs muscle mass, 1RM, vaginal contraction pressure(Max, Average), questionaire surveying(KHQ instrument) related in women of childbirth experience(exercise, n=10; control, n=10). Consequently, pelvis muscle mass increased up to a point where it is significant to exercise group(p < .05), and in terms of 1RM, the same group got same beneficial results, but did not demonstrate statistically significant level. Repetition numbers revealed that in comparison with two groups, exercise group was significantly high(p < .05). When it comes to vagina contraction pressure, Max in exercise group tended to increase, and Average showed the result that increased beneficially. In the result of analyzing the electromyogram of adductor, the exercise group revealed increasing tendency and result as well(p < .05), and compared to both groups, exercise group showed increasing change. In the result of subjective urination questionaire, exercise group revealed positive dispertion, and at the same time, it marked significantly high results in second and third inquiry in KHQ-score, compared to control group(p < .001, p < .05). Therefore, it is concluded that group which implemented home adductor exercise using this device, had positive effects on adductor, perineal region, and sphincter as watching variables such as vagina contraction pressure and etc improved.

In this study, a total of 20 elderly women performed combined exercise program that focused on providing pleasure and coordination for 6 months, 4 times a week and 60 minutes a day, to examine the effects that body composition, blood lipid, which affect heart diseases, and falling related fitness have. The results of this study were as follows: First, On elderly women who had performed the combined exercise program for 6 months, there was a significant positive difference (p<0.001) between their body composition(weight, %BF) and blood lipid(TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C). Second, On elderly women who had performed the combined exercise program for 6 months, there was a significant positive difference (p<0.001) on all their falling related fitness(SRT, CST, UGT, BET, SPT). Examining the results above, the combined exercise program performed by the elderly women had positive effects on body composition, blood lipid as well as on their falling related fitness and it is believed that these programs are beneficial to prevention and treatment of heart diseases as well as reducing the falling risk on elderly women.

The purpose of this study was to analyze effect of body segment length on sit-and-reach test. A total of 120 male students(19.58±1.19) were recruited in this study. Sit-and-reach, body segment length, metabolic syndrome markers, and insulin were measured for study. Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used to statistical analysis. Sit-and-reach was significantly correlated with leg length and also stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that leg length is an independent-prediction factor for sit-and-reach. We adjusted sit-and -reach value by leg length. Adjusted sit-and-reach was significantly correlated with waist circumference(WC). And although other metabolic syndrome markers except WC and insulin was not significant, there were close correlation than measured sit-and-reach. In conclusion, the current findings that adjusting leg length should be need to considered in flexibility evaluation by sit-and-reach.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB applied to the patients with Frozen Shoulder by measuring, assessing and analyzing the changes in pain and range of motion(ROM). Surveyed from Mar. 2007 to Dec. 2007 were 10 patients suffering with Frozen Shoulder. After HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB, the pain were measured and analyzed by means of MPQWL, VAS-I and VAS-U, while ROM was measured and analyzed by using Goniometer. The major findings from this study are as follows; 1. There was significant decrease in the MPQWL after HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB applied(p<.001). 2. There was significant decrease in the VAS-I(intensity of pain) after HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB applied(p<.001). 3. There was significant decrease in the VAS-U(unpleasantness of pain) after HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB applied(p<.001). 4. There appeared, however, significant increase in ROM(abduction, external and internal rotation) after HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB applied(p<.001). From the above outcomes, it was revealed that HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB application has proven to reduce the pains, exercising huge influence to increase ROM. It is, therefore, suggested to continue and expand the study on the cure of Frozen Shoulder and to motivate patients, rehabilitation specialists, and health management specialists etc. to consider HAPPY DREAM HM-206DB application as safest and most efficient pain remedy.