Earticle

"Susanowo" called the trickster in a Japanese myth is only God which played an active part from heavens to the ground and the underground world. And in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki, I have the ambivalence of good and evil because divinity changes according to the myth world of the ground a heavens top. Most, in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki, it was that emphasis was put on the direction of wrong from the composition which the editor meant, and it was also an aim which emphasizes the absoluteness of the Imperial Household's ancestor God. However, I cannot reach to an extreme of the divinity of "Susanowo" only by it. It is because signs that I also resembled Hudoki and Norito with the Kojiki and Nihonshoki are seen. Then, I thought that there would be character of God to tour like what is called "Marebito" It is because settlement is God which appears as it does not do but turns around here and there.

This study used a questionnaire on work duties and training to examine staff training provided at facilities for the elderly requiring long-term care. The aim was to consider how educational programs should be developed in light of differences in evaluation related to the basic attributes of gender, age, and years of experience. Ultimately, the development of such educational programs ought to facilitate human resource development, prevent turnover, and promote workplace retention through work satisfaction and training. The respondents of the study were staff members in facilities for the elderly requiring long-term care who had participated in staff training sessions organized by Prefecture A. Of the total number of respondents, 32 (31.1%) were male and 71 (68.9%) were female (valid response rate: 97.2%). Responses ranging from “Agree” to “Strongly agree” accounted for over 90% of all items. With regard to work duties, significantly higher values were observed for women than men, for those in their thirties than those in their twenties, and for those with at least four years of experience than those with less than four years of experience.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of elderly care in Japan and Korea, aiming to examine the tasks of functional recovery care. In a literature study, the social backgrounds of long-term care insurance systems and the current state of care workers in Japan and Korea. As a result, in Japan, the qualification system of various channels and unified career management are promoting professional improvement. On the other hand, in Korea, there is no career-up system with a single qualification system, and there is no curriculum that can respond to various care needs. From this research which analyzed both countries’ systems of functional recovery care, it was concluded that clear goal-setting based on systematic considerations, professional training, and appropriate amount of service quality are necessary for fostering excellent care workers.

Since March 30, 2021, the separation of abused children and actors led by existing police and child protection agencies has been carried out by police, city, county, and district officials exclusively in charge of child abuse. Child protection institutions focused on case management and carried out tasks such as prevention of recurrence and promotion. Separation is divided into first aid and immediate separation. The "emergency measures" of the Child Abuse Punishment Act shall be enforced by the police and the "temporary protective measures (immediate separation)" of the newly established Child Welfare Act when the requirements for emergency measures are not reached. The negative effects of childhood abuse damage have been demonstrated through many previous studies, and separation is inevitable. However, experts question whether the separation of police officers and child abuse officials is a reasonable measure for children. The mechanical execution of administrative personnel, who are child non-specialists, does not take into account the negative effects on children in the future. Given prior studies that separation of state-care centers is more negative in the development process than abuse victims, policies should be implemented after due consideration of prior research and infrastructure construction rather than rapid execution. Thus, the purpose of this study was to help Korea's child abuse prevention policy by analyzing the meaning of the current separation measures from abused children and actors and suggesting effective measures.

This study examines the development state theory as the economic development governance of East Asian countries and discusses economic development strategies and governance based on it. To this end, we try to categorize development states from the perspective of economic development strategies, and analyze the process and causes of the global economy and the Korean economy at a macro level. The three types of development states proposed in this study will not only be applied to analyze the successes and failures of economic development, but will also be used to suggest alternative strategies for overcoming economic crises in East Asian countries such as Korea in the future.

Relatives represented as adopted children were especially important in samurai society as an important keyword for understanding Japanese society. In the absence of a successor, it was not only used as a means of adopting close relatives such as younger brothers and nephews, but also as a means of expanding military power in the Middle Ages. Since the Meiji era, many Japanese believe that even if there was some historical development in the pre-modern era, it had nothing to do with Japan's modernization = Westernization genealogy. However, since the Meiji era, Japanese researchers have begun to recognize that there is a certain direction in Japanese culture. This recognition shows the process of samuraiization in Japanese life. It expanded and strengthened its influence through various forms of kinship as well as samurai society in the Middle Ages. More than 150 years after the end of samurai rule, there are still many things related to samurai in various parts of Japan. Therefore, in this paper, In order to investigate the development of adoptive system without regard to pure blood, we focus on the Edo period.

I have already solved the mystery about the four stone pagodas I'm tentatively named them “A group of stoneps built during the Showa era(正和年間) in East Harima(東播磨)”. They were built as the ascetic practices of esoteric Buddhism for the crown prince Takaharu(皇太子尊治親王) to become the emperor. The four stone pagodas are big and very fine. They are currently designated as Hyogo Prefecture designated cultural property (兵庫県指定文化財), but must be upgraded to nationally designated important cultural properties (国指定重要文化財). In the four pagodas, The one-story stone pagpda(宝塔) in Jyoutaku-ji-temple(常楽寺) in Kakogawa-city has some problems. It is designated as Hyogo Prefecture designated cultural properties together with The Five-rings pagodas (五輪塔) on both sides of it. Hyogo Prefectural Board of Education considers the three pagoda were built together around 1315. The central one-story stone pagoda built in 1315 is made of granite and has an elaborate shape. But the Five-ring pagodas on both sides of it are made of local tuff Tatsuyama stone(龍山石), and inferior. I am sure that the two Five-ring pagodas were made during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The great priest Monkan (文観) was the owner of the temple Jyoutaku-ji-temple and the chief priest of the temple around 1315. He later became an aide to Emperor Go-Daigo (後醍醐天皇) and climbed to the top of the Shingon sect 真言宗. He devised “the Rite Syinthesizing the Tree Icons (三尊合行法)” that is the mystery of the Shingon sect. The Rite is made up of consists of Tree Icons THE central Icons is Vairocana (大日如来) = Cintamani (如意宝珠) = The one-story stone pagpda = The Five-rings pagoda, The right side Icon is Ragaraja(愛染明王= The Sun = Cintamani = The Five-rings pagoda, and The left side is Axala (不動明王) = The Moon = Cintamani = The Five-rings pagoda. It is sure that The set of three stone pagpdas in Jyoutaku-ji-temple is showing “the Rite Syinthesizing the Tree Icons” Monkan invented The Rite it in the late 1320s. He completed The Rite after the end of the 1330s. From the shape of the two Five-rings pagodas, it is thought that they were made separately during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The shapes and sizes of the two Five-rings pagodas are slightly different. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties or later, The two Five-rings pagodas were relocated to both sides of The one-story stone pagpda for The Rite.

This paper is about the river depicted in the picture map of “Keicho-Harima-no-Kuni-Ezu” (󰡔慶長播磨国絵図󰡕).This is a picture map of Harima Province(播磨国) drawn in the early Edo period. It is just noteworthy that one river is drawn in Kako-gun District(加古郡) in this picture map. This paper makes clear that The river written to this picture map was the river where Kako-no-Sho-Mizo(加古庄溝) connects to the Befu River(別府川),and the river that makes a source Mizuashi Village (水足村) and that leads to Befu Vil. (別府村) via Yasuda Vil.(安田村). I think it is important that this river flowed through almost the center of Kako-Sho(賀古庄) in the Middle age.

The paper intends to analyze the design of visual symbols established by the Korean Independence Army(hereinafter abbreviated as KIA) during Japanese colonization in 1940, and to examine how the ideological aspects of the KIA and the historical situation at that time relate to the visual symbols of the Korean army after liberation in 1945. In this study, the design of the visual symbols of the Korean Empire and the visual symbol of the KIA were compared and analyzed, and through this, some similarities in graphics and layouts were found. And this was interpreted as the spirit of the KIA's will to succeed the Korean Empire(1897 1910). In addition, the pentagram, which can be said to be a key icon of the visual symbol of the KIA, was analyzed, and various possibilities such as the succession of the Korean Empire Army and the star of socialism were presented, In particular, attention was paid to the possibility that the pentagram could symbolize the Korean Empire, a country occupied by Japanese colonial rule. It was found that the visual symbols of the KIA consisted of an independent graphic design system based on Hangeul. And what this aspect meant was interpreted as an expression of the KIA's desire to express their identity and independence. The independent visual symbols constructed by the KIA gradually disappeared after liberation. Looking at the historical background of this aspect, it can be said that it reflects the plight of the KIA, which has been alienated from ideological conflicts and a storm of political power after liberation.

This paper examines thes ignificance and implications of the Sanuki Minguren (people’s tool guild)Movement founded in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, which began in 1963among artists, architects, and designers working together with local craftsmen to take on regional heritage. However, this movement waned a few years later, and it was not even known how long the movement lasted. One of the most successful examples is the collaboration between Sakura Seisakusho in Kagawa and George Nakashima, an American furniture designer. This collaboration continues to these days, and the Sakura Seisakusho remains the only place in the world making Nakashima's furniture under a license contract. This study examines the significance of short-lived association and the lingering effects in regional culture. Since there are no living figures among the main founding members in this movement, the study was conducted based on the autobiographies of Kaneko Masanori, Nagami Shinichi, and George Nakashima. As results, this paper concludes that along with the governmental support Minguren Movement started with the ideal of a sculptor Nagare Masayuki who tried to continue local heritage to contemporary. In a broad sense, Sekishozuku (stone masonry school) by a sculptor Nagare became an essential motivation to expand his ideal to crafts in general. The collaboration between Nakashima furniture and Sakura Seisakusho can be evaluated as the longest-lasting and the most successful example of Minguren movement. Although it was short-lived, Minguren movement was meaningful and some what successful in the sense that pursuing their initial goals that their product executed with the local craftsmanship were sold in Bonniers, New York. Minguren is considered the origin of Kagawa Prefecture's art promotion, and there was a continuous movement to continue its spirit in modern times. This local cultural history remains a tourism resource and visits Kagawa Prefecture.

牛に関わることわざは、動物のことわざとして、中日の優れた無形文化財である。両国の牛に関わるこ とわざの伝承の現状を明らかにするために、本研究は、中日辞書における牛のことわざを調べ、また中日 両国１００名の大学生や社会人を対象に、｢後半部補充式テスト｣を行った。以上の調査から得たデータに 基づき、｢ことわざスペクトル･リスト｣をまとめた。その｢スペクトル･リスト｣から上位のことわざを抽 出し、社会文化要素の角度から、牛のことわざにおけるメタファー表現の理解および評価傾向を分析し た。 結論として、（１）日本語より、中国語の牛に関わることわざが数多く、形式が豊富で、普及度も高い ことは、中国人が牛に対して深い感情を持っているからである。（２）ことわざに潜んでいた牛へのマイ ナス評価は、古代の不平等な動物観念や宋の禅宗の渡来と関係がある。（３）牛のことわざにおける起点 領域の交代を通じて、中日の社会生活の変化も垣間見られる。総じて、中日の牛に関わることわざを研究 することは、牛の文化のイメージを豊かにするだけでなく、両国の間に、文化上の相互信頼を増進し、異 文化コミュニケーションの後押しになることもできる。

The diversification of Ekiben sales patterns was a clue to the modern position of Ekiben. It can be seen that the original concept and form of sales of lunch boxes sold at train stations for railroad passengers are changing significantly. This may be the result of a significant impact on the decrease in railroad use and changes in food culture and purchasing behavior due to the diversification of transportation and means of travel. In 135 years from Meiji, Ekiben's status has changed significantly. However, the factor that still maintains strong persuasion is that it is local food according to traditional preparation methods using local specialties. That's why, despite the tendency to leave the station as a form of sales, a genre called Ekiben is being supported. Despite various changes in the situation surrounding Ekiben, there is something immeasurable in the influence of the naming value, which has proven its long history and performance.

This research through Ohta Hajime’s theory shows that even people, in the comparative history of educational thoughts between the UK and Japan, who did not hold children or general-public in esteem, would have liked to be esteemed in societies.