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This study empirically examines the effects of Global Project Management (GPM) application on project performance in startup contexts, focusing on the mediating role of team collaboration maturity and the moderating effects of organizational capabilities. Data were collected from 503 employees of domestic startups and analyzed using factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results show that GPM capabilities—including global communication, global risk management, project management competency of personnel, the level of project management procedure documentation, and the level of GPM application—have significant positive effects on project performance. Team collaboration maturity was found to significantly mediate the relationship between GPM capabilities and project performance. In contrast, leadership and decision-making speed, as well as organizational learning and improvement orientation, showed only partial moderating effects. This study contributes to the literature in three ways. First, it extends GPM research to the startup context characterized by high uncertainty and resource constraints. Second, it empirically identifies a collaboration-based performance mechanism in which GPM capabilities influence performance indirectly through team collaboration maturity. Third, it provides an integrated analysis of organizational capabilities as moderators. Overall, the findings highlight that team collaboration maturity is a critical mechanism linking GPM capabilities to project performance in startup projects.

This study employs the Middle-Income Trap Theory (MITT) as a theoretical framework to identify strategic measures for sustaining the competitiveness of the K-defense industry in the global market. Rather than assuming that Korea’s defense industry is at a middle-income stage, the study draws on Korea’s successful experience in overcoming the MITT and reconstructs these national-level success factors at the industrial level. Through a systematic literature review, five strategic alternatives are derived: diversification of defense cooperation partners, continuous inflow of high-quality human capital, application of cutting-edge technologies, support for small and medium-sized enterprises, and compensation mechanisms for export-related losses. The relative importance of these alternatives is evaluated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process based on pairwise comparisons by 15 domain experts with an average of 26.7 years of experience. The consistency ratio of 0.08 confirms acceptable reliability. The results show that diversification of defense cooperation partners ranks first, followed by human capital, advanced technology application, SME support, and loss compensation. Theoretically, this study contributes by reconstructing MITT from a national-level framework into an industry-level analytical model and by demonstrating that sustained policy commitment and policy continuity beyond political cycles, combined with whole-of-government implementation, are essential for the long-term sustainable growth of the K-defense industry.

Text communication using smartphone is ubiquitous, but small screens and dense keyboard structures frequently cause typing errors that hinder user experience. Previous research has primarily focused on overall error rates, with limited investigation into microscopic error patterns or the specific combinational characteristics of the Korean language. This study utilizes a dataset of smartphone QWERTY keyboard inputs to address this gap. Data was preprocessed by decomposing Korean characters into individual graphemes—consonants and vowels—allowing for a granular comparison of error occurrences. Typing errors were quantitatively analyzed and classified into spatial categories, comprising horizontal and vertical errors, and temporal categories, including ordering and omission errors. The analysis revealed that spatial errors were significantly more prevalent than temporal errors, with horizontal errors resulting from adjacent key interference being the most frequent type. Furthermore, distinct error patterns emerged based on whether the input was a consonant or a vowel, as well as its specific row location on the keyboard. These results provide critical baseline data for optimizing ergonomic keyboard layouts for mobile devices.

Inappropriate work postures in industry can cause musculoskeletal fatigue and strain, leading to work inefficiency, quality problems, and safety accidents. Therefore, a system capable of recognizing and intervening in dangerous postures during work in real time is needed not only for industrial safety but also for project performance management. This study proposes a 2-channel real-time work posture management system that combines RULA analysis based on frontal upper body images and REBA analysis based on lateral full-body images. The proposed prototype was implemented using synchronized frontal and lateral cameras and was preliminarily applied to three participants performing terminal connection tasks in an actual manufacturing environment under no-alarm and alarm conditions. The system records posture risks every second and generates an alarm sound if a dangerous posture persists in the same body part for more than 3 seconds. As a result of the preliminary application, the rate of adopting dangerous neck postures under alarm conditions decreased. The maximum time maintained in dangerous neck postures was also reduced. However, since this study was conducted with only three participants and a single task condition, these results should be interpreted as preliminary results demonstrating the applicability of the prototype rather than as general effects.

AI recommendation services are widely utilized across industries. However, users’ perceptions of algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and privacy risks may influence the formation of trust and satisfaction. This study comparatively examines how risk perceptions affect trust, satisfaction, and reuse intentions in e-commerce and FinTech services. A survey was conducted with adults who have experience using AI recommendation services, and the data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Risk perception was conceptualized as three dimensions: bias, opacity, and privacy risk. The results revealed that the impact of the three risk factors differed between the two industries. In the e-commerce environment, algorithmic bias was interpreted as a result of personalized recommendations rather than being perceived as a traditional risk factor, and it actually acted as a factor that increased trust and satisfaction. In contrast, in fintech, where service usage is linked to high-risk decision-making regarding assets, loans, and investments, algorithmic bias and privacy risks acted as key factors undermining trust, whereas opacity did not have a significant impact. These findings suggest that the influence of risk perceptions is contingent upon industry characteristics. And provide practical implications for the design and management of AI recommendation services.

As digital transformation accelerates in the defense industry, firms’ ability to manage and leverage data has become a critical organizational capability. However, systematic approaches to diagnosing data capabilities in defense firms remain limited. This study proposes a 4D framework encompassing data quality, standardization, governance, and utilization. We apply an integrated AHP–SMART method to assess the relative importance and maturity of these dimensions. Survey data were collected from practitioners in firms within the Changwon Defense Innovation Cluster. The results indicate that data governance and standardization are perceived as more important than data quality and utilization. Most firms were found to be at the integration stage (Level 4) of data capability maturity, although meaningful differences were identified across firms, particularly in advanced data utilization. This study contributes a structured diagnostic framework and an empirical assessment approach and offers practical implications for promoting data-driven digital transformation in the defense industry.

Despite of the efforts and policies of a government to prevent or reduce traffic accidents, the number of accidents still has not been reduced. In particular, commercial vehicle accidents often result in more serious consequences than ordinary vehicles accidents. Accordingly, managing job stress is important for preventing accidents among automobile drivers. automobile drivers are exposed to various job demands, such as fatigue from long driving and stress occurring from passengers interactions. These factors are closely related to job stress and can cause traffic accidents. Some studies have analyzed job demands as an independent factor. However, interrelations between these factors have to be studied since the job demands has a variety of different kinds of demands. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the interrelations between those factors focusing on psychological(emotional demands) and social(interactive service works). In this research, we have analyzed the impact of interactive service work on job stress with the emotional demands of drivers using 7th Korean Working Conditions Survey. The results present that interactive service work positively affects job stress and emotional demands are not much statistically related with job stress. However, when emotional demands are high, they play a moderating role in the relationship between interactive service work and job stress. This research has investigated the interrelations between job demands and the results can provide the directions to establish the strategy for automobile drivers job stress.

This study investigates how coaching leadership influences employee innovative behavior in SMEs where project-based work is expanding, focusing on the mediating role of ESG management. Survey data from 310 SME employees were analyzed through triangulation integrating PLS-SEM, NCA, and fsQCA. PLS-SEM confirms coaching leadership's significant positive total effect on innovative behavior (β= .421, p < .001) and large effect on ESG management (β= .518, f²= .366), which partially mediates this relationship (VAF = 31.9%). NCA reveals competency development as the sole necessary condition for innovative behavior (d = 0.19, p = .006) despite its lowest PLS-SEM weight, while fsQCA identifies two equifinal configurations with performance evaluation, relationship, and ESG as common core conditions. The triangulation demonstrates that single-method reliance may over- or under-estimate variable roles, offering integrated guidelines for PM coaching development and ESG-embedded project planning. As project participation was not directly measured, results should be interpreted within the contextual boundary of expanding project-based work in SMEs.

Autonomous vehicles have recently attracted considerable attention as a major technological innovation in modern transportation. However, the large-scale adoption of autonomous vehicles depends not only on technological advancement but also on public acceptance. This study empirically analyzes the factors influencing the acceptance of autonomous vehicles in China using the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM). To strengthen the explanatory power of TAM in the context of emerging mobility technologies, social media and perceived emotional risk were included as additional variables. Based on the proposed research framework, 12 hypotheses were developed and tested using survey data collected from 276 Chinese adults. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, and SPSS PROCESS Macro Model 6 was used to examine the mediating relationships within the model. The results show that social media significantly influences perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived emotional risk. Furthermore, social media, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived emotional risk all significantly influence the acceptance of autonomous vehicles. The findings extend the TAM framework by integrating information environment and psychological risk factors, offering insights into public acceptance of autonomous vehicle and their implications for future transportation and logistics systems.

This study proposes an exploratory analysis framework for improving the employment environment of SMEs to support the re-employment of middle-aged workers in the income disconnection section from retirement of their main jobs to the time of pension receipt. Based on a systematic review of domestic and foreign prior studies, this study reconstructs this problem in terms of corporate demand rather than in terms of job seeker supply. As a result of the literature review, middle-aged and elderly workers can contribute to the manufacturing industry in terms of accumulated experience, quality management capabilities, process compliance capabilities, and knowledge transfer within the organization, but there are limitations such as age bias, job mismatch, rigid work organization, insufficient education and training, and unfriendly facilities and working environment for the elderly. This study proposes an integrated analysis framework consisting of seven dimensions: organizational culture, management support, job design and work flexibility, mechanical equipment suitability, physical work environment, education and training and knowledge transfer, and suggests an AHP-based expert evaluation design to analyze the priorities of these factors. This study is significant in that it integrates the study of income disconnection section, age-friendly manufacturing workplace study, and SME employment strategy into one consistent research agenda.

This study applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify the optimal heating system for apartment housing. As energy efficiency in residential buildings has become increasingly important, four heating alternatives—central heating, district heating, individual heating, and cascade systems—were evaluated using five criteria: safety, economic feasibility, efficiency, environmental impact, and convenience. Sixteen sub-criteria were derived through literature review and expert input. A survey of 22 experts was conducted, and 21 valid responses were analyzed after consistency verification (CR ≤ 0.1). The results indicate that district heating is the most suitable alternative overall because of its superior safety, economic feasibility, and environmental performance. Individual heating showed relatively high efficiency due to its controllability, whereas the cascade system demonstrated balanced performance and emerged as a practical alternative in areas without district heating. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the ranking remained stable under reasonable changes in criteria weights. This study contributes to the literature by presenting an integrated AHP-based framework that includes cascade systems, which have rarely been examined in previous research.

This study examines how supervisors’ stereotypes about MZ-generation employees influence their turnover intention, focusing on the mediating role of workplace exclusion. The researchers propose that supervisors’ stereotype-based expectations may operate as self-fulfilling prophecies that shape employees’ organizational experiences. Survey data were collected from 207 MZ-generation employees who were currently working under direct supervisors within organizations. The results of data analysis indicated that perceived supervisors’ stereotypes about the MZ generation are positively associated with workplace exclusion, and both perceived supervisors’ stereotypes and workplace exclusion are positively associated with employees’ turnover intention. In addition, workplace exclusion significantly mediated the relationship between perceived supervisor stereotypes and turnover intention. These findings contribute to the literature by suggesting that turnover among MZ-generation employees may be driven less by inherent generational characteristics than by stereotype-based managerial perceptions and exclusionary interactions. The study also suggests that supervisors should avoid generational labeling and foster fair access to information, participation, and developmental opportunities for MZ employees.

Mobile banking is now widely used in everyday financial life, but continued use is not explained well enough by service quality or satisfaction alone. This study examines continuance intention from the perspective of usage inertia which develops as users repeatedly rely on the same service over time. In this study, usage inertia is examined through three perceptions: financial stability after use, switching burden, and the recognition of a main banking service. The study also considers whether this tendency works through cognitive changes. More specifically, it examines whether users experience less cognitive burden when making financial decisions and whether they feel less need to keep checking and monitoring financial matters. Survey data collected from mobile banking users were analyzed with structural equation modeling. The results show that post-use financial stability significantly reduced both decision-making effort and cognitive monitoring burden. However, neither factor significantly mediated continuance intention. By contrast, an exploratory analysis revealed that main banking service perception had a strong direct effect on continuance intention (β = .838). Overall, the findings suggest that continued use of mobile banking is primarily driven by the perception of a service as the main banking service, rather than by reduced cognitive burden alone.

This study defines MBN's broadcasting content, I Am a Natural Person, which has sustained long-term success for 15 years, as a “Long-term Project,” and aims to investigate from a Project Management(PM) perspective how this project has maintained its outstanding performance amidst a rapidly changing media environment. Unlike previous studies on broadcast content that primarily focused on audience psychology or media effects, this study explored the sources of the project's sustainability by analyzing the dynamic interactions between the project manager's planning intentions and the reactions of external stakeholders. As a research methodology, a cross-analysis was conducted by collecting broadcast information big data (667 episodes) reflecting the manager's intentions and news big data (3,129 articles) capturing the discourse of the media and viewers, who are the key stakeholders. Through text mining-based keyword analysis, LDA topic modeling, and time-series topic trend analysis, the changing patterns of the core success criteria penetrating the entire project were tracked. The analysis empirically confirmed that the project has evolved over time through a distinct project lifecycle: the “Value Establishment Phase (2012-2015) → Brand Expansion Phase (2016-2019) → Social Internalization Phase (2020-Present).” The findings suggest that in creative project management (PM) requiring long-term continuity, establishing a virtuous cycle between the manager's planning capabilities and the stakeholders' value interpretations is crucial for success. By demonstrating that a project's success criteria are not fixed indicators but must be dynamically reconstructed according to its lifecycle, this study provides practical guidelines for the strategic management and the development of sustainable operational models for future cultural content projects.